Tenuifoliside a (TFSA) is a bioactive oligosaccharide ester component of Polygala tenuifolia Wild, a traditional Chinese medicine that was used to manage mental disorders effectively. It was found, that TFSA exhibited cytoprotective effects on neuronal cells. Further preclinical and clinical trials evaluating their safety, bio efficacy, and bioavailability are suggested to prove the valuable role of natural drugs in the management of depressive disorders. The strong anti-inflammatory effects of tenuifoliside A were mediated by the inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, thus tenuifoliside A can be developed as therapeutic for inflammatory diseases.