Calcium Acid Pyrophosphate (CAPP) is an anhydrous phosphate salt. Calcium Acid Pyrophosphate is used mainly as a raising agent in the baking industry, particularly in quick breads and sweet bakery products. CAPP can be used in baking powder, cakes, muffins, biscuits, pancakes, waffles, donuts, whole grain bread, crackers, refrigerated and frozen (yeast) doughs, and for dough strengthening. It is also utilized as a complementary nutrient source for calcium, which can potentially improve the nutritional content of the food it’s used in. No health studies currently argue against the use of Calcium Acid Pyrophosphate. In addition, CAPP can be used as a poultry scald agent to remove feathers from poultry carcasses.

Lactic Acid, L- (L-lactic acid, L-lactate) is the levorotatory isomer of lactic acid, the biologically active isoform in humans. Lactic acid or lactate is produced during fermentation from pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase. Lactate dehydrogenase is isomer-specific so that production and metabolism of D-lactate require D-LDH and L-lactate requires L-LDH. Mammalian cells only contain L-LDH so that in humans the lactate produced is almost exclusively L-lactate. Carbohydrate-fermenting bacterial species (e.g. lactobacillus spp) have by contrast both enzymes and therefore the capacity to produce both D-lactate and L-lactate. L-lactic acid is the primary agonist of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1), which is a Gi/o-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Poly-L-lactic acid is an absorbable, semi-permanent, injectable implant that can be used to restore volume and stimulate collagen formation gradually. It is FDA-approved for the correction of facial fat loss associated with antiretroviral therapy-induced lipoatrophy in HIV patients. It is FDA-approved for use in immunocompetent people for the correction of nasolabial fold deficiencies and other facial wrinkles. It has been used off-label to enhance the cheeks, hands, neck, thighs, gluteal enhancement and chest wall deformities, such as pectus excavatum or thoracic deformities secondary to surgical procedures.

Gentisic acid ethanolamide is a complexing agent in pharmaceutical parenterals. It is used as a solubilizer in some pharmaceutical preparations and as an antiseptic agent.

Medronic acid (conjugate base, medronate) is a diagnostic agent that is used in complex with technetium Tc-99m for imaging delineate areas of altered osteogenesis. Upon administration the complex binds to hydroxyapatite crystals in bone.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was the first synthetic herbicide to be commercially developed and has commonly been used as a broadleaf herbicide for over 60 years. It is a selective herbicide that kills dicots without affecting monocots and mimics natural auxin at the molecular level. 2,4-D was developed during World War II as one of many so-called phenoxy herbicides by aiming to increase crop yields for a nation at war. It was commercially released in 1946 becoming the first successful selective herbicide and allowed for greatly enhanced weed control in wheat, maize, rice, and other similar cereal crops because it specifically targets dicots. This herbicide family is said to have “initiated an agricultural revolution and laid the corner stone of present-day weed science” when it was first marketed in the 1940s.