Nifuralide, a 5-nitrofuran derivative, is an antibacterial agent. It was used for controlling Salmonella choleraesuis in swine. The mode of action of 5-nitrofuran analogues is based on red-ox biotransformation.

Iolixanic Acid is triiodophenoxyalkoxyalkanoic acid derivative patented by Bracco Industria Chimica S.p.A. as a diagnostic agent for cholecystography and urinary tract imaging

response, while the remaining 7 patients were too far advanced to respond to these treatments. Benaxibine (also known as paraaminobenzoic acid-N-xyloside or K-247) was developed as an antitumor drug. Benaxibine participated in several clinical trials. However, for the positive application of the drug further studies were needed.

Andrographolide, a diterpenoid, is known for its anti-inflammatory effects. It can be isolated from various plants of the genus Andrographis, commonly known as 'creat'. Andrographolide has been tested for its anti-inflammatory effects in various stressful conditions, such as ischemia, pyrogenesis, arthritis, hepatic or neural toxicity, carcinoma, and oxidative stress. Apart from its anti-inflammatory effects, andrographolide also exhibits immunomodulatory effects by effectively enhancing cytotoxic T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, phagocytosis, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). The properties of andrographolide, such as its ability to induce apoptosis of cancer cells and inhibition of DTH, its anti-oxidative and cytoprotective effect, and its ability to enhance CTLs and NK cell activation makes it a potent antiviral agent. Andrographolide inhibited the growth of human breast, prostate, and hepatoma tumors. Andrographolide could be a potent anticancer agent when used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.

Atagabalin, also known as PD-0200390, was studied in phase II clinical trials in patients with primary insomnia, but this trial was discontinued because of the unsatisfied results. Atagabalin is a ligand to the α(2)δ subunit of voltage-sensitive calcium channels

Hexacyprone has been used as a choleretic agent. Information about the current use of this compound is not available.

Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co developed tetomilast, a thiazole derivative for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Tetomilast acts as a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 results in increased intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and subsequent anti-inflammatory effects. Specifically, the release of pro-inflammatory mediators including TNF-a and IL-12 is suppressed, and there is stimulation of the release of anti-inflammatory mediators including IL-10 and prostaglandin E2. Unfortunately, tetomilast clinical trials in patients with ulcerative colitis failed to demonstrate superior efficacy compared to mesalamine and further development of tetomilast was discontinued.

Valtrate is a principle compound isolated from Valeriana jatamansi Jones, which is a Traditional Chinese Medicine used to treat various mood disorders. Valtrate at a high dose has been found to have sedative properties by inhibiting spontaneous motion and increasing the sleeping number induced by pentobarbital sodium in mice. In rats valtrate exhibits anxiolytic-like profiles in the elevated plus maze test and the open field test. Valtrate attenuated HPA axis activity by reducing the corticosterone level. Valtrate also possesses anti-breast cancer activities via cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and inhibition of cell migration, thus supporting valtrate as a potential antitumor agent.

Tiprostanide is a 13-thia-PGE1 analog which also contains a p-benzamidophenyl ester, presumably to enhance crystallinity and stability. Although originally targeted and evaluated as an antihypertensive agent, emphasis was switched to an antiulcer indication because of disappointing clinical results. Tiprostanide has two distinct properties in the human stomach, viz. antisecretory and protective, which are independent of each other. Antisecretory prostaglandins protect the human stomach against aspirin and bile salts in doses which are much smaller than the threshold antisecretory ones.

Truxipicurium, a derivative of alpha-truxillic acid, a curare-like drug, is a neuromuscular blocking agent with rigid structure.