Darexaban (YM150) is a direct inhibitor of coagulation factor Xa (FXa), discovered by Astellas Pharmaceuticals. FXa is a crucial serine protease in the coagulation cascade, responsible for the cleavage of prothrombin to its active form thrombin, which then converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin, activates platelets and causes a formation of a blood clot. Darexaban inhibits factor Xa with a Ki value of 31 nM and shows anticoagulant activity in human plasma. In venous and A-V shunt thrombosis models in rats, darexaban strongly suppressed thrombus formation without affecting bleeding time. Darexaban was investigated in a number of clinical trials for prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing surgery, prevention of ischaemic events in acute coronary syndrome, prophylaxis of stroke in atrial fibrillation. In 2011 Astellas announced the discontinuation of darexaban because of high competition on anti-FXa drugs market.

Afacifenacin is being developed by Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma (formerly Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma) and Sunovion Pharmaceuticals as an orally administered therapy for overactive bladder and nocturia. Afacifenacin is a new antimuscarinic that possesses the dual pharmacological actions of non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist and inhibition of the bladder afferent pathway through sodium-channel blockade. Afacifenacin is in Phase II clinical tirals for the treatment of Nocturia by Nippon Shinyaku.

Lomevactone is a psychostimulant and antidepressant drug

Lilopristone (ZK 98.734) has a high affinity for progesterone receptors. The progesterone antagonistic effects of ZK 98.734 could be a result of the decrease in progesterone synthesis by the corpus luteum and/or placenta in addition to the interference with the progesterone binding to its cellular receptors in the target organ. ZK 98.734 has potential for fertility regulation. It is a very potent abortifacient in the common marmosets. Lilopristone could significantly suppress the proliferation of ectopic stromal cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner in vitro. The action mechanisms may be associated with the suppression of expression of NF-kappaB P65 mRNA and NF-kappaB P65.

Litomeglovir is an antiviral agent.

Bedoradrine (also known as KUR-1246 or MN-221), an ultra selective beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist, that participated in phase II clinical trials as an adjunct to standard therapy in the management of patients with acute exacerbation of asthma who did not respond to standard therapy. In addition, the drug was involved in trials for the treatment of preterm labor in obstetrical practice. Bedoradrine is also was studied in phase I of clinical trials for its use for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, however, the efficacy for this disease was uncertain.

Apratastat (Tmi 005) was developed by Wyeth Research as a dual TNF-alpha-converting enzyme and matrix metalloprotease-13 inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Apratastat was in phase II clinical trials, but because of the lack of efficacy, this trial was terminated.

Vestipitant, also known as GW597599, is a neurokinin1 receptor antagonist that was being developed by GlaxoSmithKline for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Vestipitant is one of the most potent and selective NK(1) receptor antagonists ever discovered, showing appropriate pharmacokinetic properties and in vivo activity. Its actions support the utility of NK(1) receptor blockade in the alleviation of anxiety and, possibly, depression. It was under development as a potential antiemetic and anxiolytic drug, and as a treatment for tinnitus and insomnia. Vestipitant was shown to improve sleep maintenance in patients with primary insomnia, with no associated next-day cognitive impairment. The effects on wake after sleep onset and total sleep time were maintained following repeated dosing. Vestipitant has anxiolytic properties and a good safety profile. Vestipitant was investigated for potential effect against chronic tinnitus as a stand-alone treatment and in conjunction with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, paroxetine. Although well-tolerated vestipitant, alone or in combination with paroxetine, was not effective in ameliorating tinnitus in this patient group.

Siguazodan is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3. It caused significant increases in cardiac output and stroke volume. It is orally active inotropic/vasodilator agent with a sustained duration in vivo. Siguazodan has potential utility in the treatment of congestive heart failure. Siguazodan has anti-platelet actions over the same concentration range that it is an inotrope and vasodilator. Siguazodan caused bronchodilation. In combination with phosphodiesterase 4, it may be useful in the therapy of asthma.

Droloxifene, a derivative of the triphenylethylene drug tamoxifen, is a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Droloxifene also exhibits more rapid pharmacokinetics, reaching peak concentrations and being eliminated much more rapidly than tamoxifen. Its higher affinity to the estrogen receptor, higher anti-estrogenic to estrogenic ratio, more effective inhibition of cell growth and division in estrogen receptor-positive cell lines, and lower toxicity give it theoretical advantages over tamoxifen in the treatment of human breast cancer. Short-term toxicity was generally mild, and similar to that seen with other antiestrogens. Droloxifene appears active and tolerable. It may have a particular role in situations in which rapid pharmacokinetics, or an increased antiestrogenic to estrogenic ratio, are required. Droloxifene may also be a potentially useful agent for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis because it can prevent estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss without causing uterine hypertrophy. Droloxifene may have an effect on bone and breast tissue because it induces apoptosis. Droloxifene has an anti-implantation effect in rats, and the effect appears to be not completely due to its anti-estrogenic activity.