Mofarotene is an analog of retinoic acid patented by a Swiss multinational healthcare company Hoffmann-La Roche as neoplasm inhibitors and agent for treating dermatoses. Like other retinoic acid agents, mofarotene binds to and activates retinoic acid receptors (RARs), thereby altering the expression of certain genes leading to cell differentiation and decreased cell proliferation in susceptible cells. Mofarotene has demonstrated considerable antitumor activity in a number of cancer cell lines. Mofarotene in combination with cisplatin and etoposide was studied in phase I clinical trials but further development was discontinued.

Sulotroban is a phenoxyalkylcarboxylic acid derivative patented by Boehringer Mannheim G.m.b.H. as thrombocyte aggregation inhibitor and lipid-lowering agent. Sulotroban is the first thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist available for use in man. Its antagonistic profile appeared to be specific and competitive both for platelets and vascular or bronchial smooth muscle receptors. In preclinical models Administered as a single dose of 800 mg, sulotroban antagonized arachidonic acid-induced, collagen-induced, and U-46619-induced platelet aggregation. In clinical trials, Sulotroban shows superior efficacy to placebo in preventing acute problems during, or restenosis after, coronary angioplasty. Chronic dosage with the drug did not lead to any accumulation of its blocking effect on platelet function; the effect of each dose declined to zero 6-7 hours after dosing.

MK 0777 is a selective GABAA α2/3 receptor partial agonist, for potential use in the treatment of Schizophrenia, Anxiety Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. MK-0777 is functionally selective for the α2 and α3 subunits, with virtually no activity for the α1 and α5 subunits. Therefore, MK-0777 cause less sedation, interact less with alcohol, and exhibit less abuse potential and physical dependence than benzodiazepines. Unfortunately, in clinical trials, MK-0777 has little benefit for cognitive impairments in people with schizophrenia and anxiety disorder.

Pinokalant is the isoquinoline derivative. It is a broad-spectrum cation channel blocker which inhibits store-operated cation channels in human endothelial cells, mast cells, HL60 cells and in primary cultures of cortical and hippocampal neurons. Pinokalant inhibits voltage-operated calcium channels of the L- and N-subtypes in primary cultures of cortical neurons and shows some antagonism on the NMDA- and AMPA glutamate receptor subtypes. Pinokalant also acts as an antagonist at the delayed rectifier K+ channel in PC12 cells and cortical neurons. Pinokalant reduced in vivo lesion size as well as post mortem infarct size derived from 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride-stained brain slices 24 hr after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Pinokalant has been evaluated as a potential neuroprotectant in rodent models of stroke.

Diflomotecan is an E-ring modified camptothecin analogue, which possesses greater lactone stability in plasma compared with other topoisomerase I inhibitors. Diflomotecan was the first homocamptothecin to enter clinical studies. Phase I data are summarized for both the intravenous and oral schedules. The toxicity is primarily haematological while no severe gastrointestinal toxicity has been observed in contrast to other topoisomerase I inhibitors. Diflomotecan has a high oral bioavailability (72 - 95%) and the oral day 1 - 5 every 3 weeks regimen is recommended for Phase II testing because it is relatively well tolerated. Diflomotecan had been in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of small cell lung cancer. However, this research has been discontinued.

Glisentide (glypentide) is a hypoglycemic agent and part of the second-generation sulfonamide derivatives. Glisentide is used as an oral medication to control blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Glisentide is patented by Uriach as Staticum®. This compound appears to decrease total lipid and cholesterol levels. Results of glisentide administration in humans showed that this oral hypoglycemic drug was well tolerated and had a similar, and in many instances superior, activity to other similar drugs such as glybenclamide and glipizide.

Glisolamide is a second-generation sulfonylurea with antihyperglycemic activity. Glisolamide is comparable to glyburide and gliquidone in controlling blood glucose levels. It is sold as Diabenor in several countries outside the US.

Halopemide is a new psychotropic agent, a structural analog of the neuroleptics of the butyrophenone type but with different pharmacological and clinical properties. Preliminary clinical findings indicate that halopemide lacks the ability to induce parkinsonism and may be an effective drug in the treatment of psychosis characterized by autism, emotional withdrawal or apathy. However, the results from of the double-blind study showed no significant difference between the placebo phase and halopemide phase. Halopemide is phospholipase D2 inhibitor: PLD1 and PLD2. Halopemide may be used as a screen to identify inhibitors of human PLD2 using an in vitro biochemical assay. It is also inhibitory at benzodiazepine binding sites.