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Restrict the search for
amphotericin b
to a specific field?
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Visucloben antibiotico by Umezawa, H.|Ueda, M.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Bekanamycin is an aminoglycoside and is a congener of kanamycin. It is given topically as the sulfate for the treatment of eye infections. It is reported
to be more toxic than kanamycin A. Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus Okami & Umezawa from Japanese soil. There are no known interactions with other drugs.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Pixuvri by Boehringer Mannheim
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Pixantrone is a novel anthracenedione. It is a weak inhibitor of topoisomerase II. Pixantrone directly alkylates DNA forming stable DNA adducts and cross-strand breaks. Pixuvri is approved for the treatment of adult patients with multiply relapsed or refractory aggressive Non-Hodgkin lymphomas. It is used for patients whose cancer does not respond or has returned after they have received other chemotherapy treatments. The most frequent AE were seen in the blood (mainly neutropaenia), gastrointestinal (nausea, abdominal pain, constipation) and respiratory systems (cough, dyspnea). No drug-drug interaction studies have been submitted and no drug interactions have been reported in human subjects
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Pirenzepine is a M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist, which is prescribed for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer in Europe. The drug preferentially acts on the gastric mucosa to inhibit secretion of both gastric acid and pepsin. Experiment with healthy volunteers demonstrated that pirenzepine passes the blood-brain barrier, but only to a small extent.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Cilazapril (Vascace and Dynorm are brand names in a number of European countries) is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE; kininase II) inhibitor. It competes with angiotensin I for binding at the angiotensin-converting enzyme, blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Cilazapril is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat. The half-life (30–50 hours) of cilazapril allows for once daily dosing unless the hypertension is severe. Cilazapril is used for the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure, post-myocardial infarction, and some other indications. Adverse events were mostly observed within the first 8-16 weeks of treatment, with headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, cough and chest pain being the most frequent.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT01661296: Phase 4 Interventional Completed Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
(2009)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Stibogluconic acid (Sodium stibogluconate) is the pentavalent antimonial compound used to treat leishmaniasis and is only available for administration by injection. Sodium stibogluconate is sold in the UK as Pentostam (manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline). Sodium stibogluconate was granted orphan drug designation for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis by the US FDA in January 2007. It is available in the United States only through the Centers for Disease Control. Sodium stibogluconate is indicated for the treatment of various types of a protozoal infection called leishmaniasis, which may result from sandfly bites in tropical and temperate parts of the world. It is also investigated for use/treatment in cancer. The mode of action of sodium stibogluconate is not clearly understood. In vitro exposure of amastigotes to 500 mg pentavalent antimony/ml results in a greater than 50% decrease in parasite DNA, RNA protein and purine nucleoside triphosphate levels. It has been postulated that the reduction in ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and GTP (guanosine triphosphate) synthesis contributes to decreased macromolecular synthesis. Sodium stibogluconate was shown to specifically inhibit type I DNA topoisomerase from Leishmania donovani through the inhibition of the unwinding and cleavage of the supercoiled plasmid pBR322, and to stabilize topoisomerase and DNA covalent complexes but not calf-thymus topoisomerase I and Escherichia coli DNA gyrase. Sodium stibogluconate is also a potent inhibitor of PTPases Src homology PTPase1 (SHP-1), SHP-2, and PTP1B but not the dual-specificity phosphatase mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1. Sodium stibogluconate combined with IFN-alpha-2b (IFN-α) inhibited solid tumor cell line growth in vitro, in vivo it was well tolerated and augmented cellular immune parameters.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Sandomigran by Sicuteri, F.|Franchi, G.|Del Bianco, P.L.|Anselmi, B.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Pizotifen (INN) or pizotyline (USAN), trade name Sandomigran, is a benzocycloheptene-based drug used as a medicine, primarily as a preventative to reduce the frequency of recurrent migraine headaches. Pizotifen is a serotonin antagonist acting mainly at the 5-HT2A and 5HT2C receptors. It also has some activity as an antihistamine as well as some anticholinergic activity. The main medical use for pizotifen is for the prevention of vascular headache including migraine and cluster headache. Pizotifen is one of a range of medications used for this purpose, other options include propranolol, topiramate, valproic acid and amitriptyline. While pizotifen is reasonably effective, its use is limited by side effects, principally drowsiness and weight gain, and it is usually not the first choice medicine for preventing migraines, instead being used as an alternative when other drugs have failed to be effective. It is not effective in relieving migraine attacks once in progress. Pizotifen has also been reported as highly effective in a severe case of erythromelalgia, a rare neurovascular disease that is sometimes refractory to the other drugs named above. Side effects include sedation, dry mouth, drowsiness, increased appetite and weight gain. Occasionally it may cause nausea, headaches, or dizziness. In rare cases, anxiety, aggression and depression may also occur. Pizotifen is well absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract, peak plasma concentrations occurring approximately 5 hours after oral administration. The absorption of pizotifen is fast (absorption half life 0.5 to 0.8 hours) and nearly complete (80%). Over 90% is bound to plasma proteins. Pizotifen undergoes extensive metabolism. Over half of a dose is excreted in the urine, chiefly as metabolites; a significant proportion is excreted in the faeces. The primary metabolite of pizotifen (N-glucuronide conjugate) has a long elimination half-life of about 23 hours.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Lofepramine is a tricyclic antidepressant that is structurally similar to imipramine and is extensively metabolised to desipramine. In the absence of other major pharmacological effects it appears that its antidepressant activity stems from the facilitation of noradrenergic neurotransmission by uptake inhibition, and possibly by the additional facilitation of serotoninergic neurotransmission. The overall therapeutic efficacy of lofepramine is comparable to that of imipramine, amitriptyline, clomipramine, maprotiline and mianserin in patients with depression of varying severity, and coexisting anxiety. Lofepramine is a strong inhibitor of norepinephrine reuptake (Ki=5.4 nM) and a moderate inhibitor of serotonin reuptake (Ki=70 nM). It is a weak-intermediate level antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.Lofepramine is licensed for the treatment of depression in the United Kingdom.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
CELIPTIUM by Institut Gustave-Roussy|Sanofi
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Elliptinium is an antineoplastic agent, which was used in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer in France under the name Celiptium. The drug is known to intercalate into DNA and inhibit topoisomerase II. Several studies have demonstrated that this molecule can be oxidized, yielding a reactive electrophilic form, which is able to bind covalently to a nucleophilic biological molecule.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT00818818: Phase 4 Interventional Completed Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
(2008)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Antimonic acid is an inorganic acid formed by antimony. As an ion-exchange material crystalline antimonic acid may be used for the regeneration of heteropolyacid catalysts. In addition, as a proton conductor, it may be used for gas sensing.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NOVERIL by Wander
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Dibenzepin is a tricyclic antidepressant of the dibenzo-epine group. It is a selective noradrenaline uptake inhibitor, which exhibits in vitro and in vivo imipramine-like effects. It binds strongly to histamine H1 receptors in the brain and, to a lesser extent, to cholinergic receptors. The pharmacological profile of dibenzepin corresponds widely to its biochemical properties: histamine antagonism, tetrabenazine antagonism, potentiation of various noradrenergic effects and anticholinergic effects. Dibenzepin is only available in European countries for the treatment of depression.
