Solasodine is an aglycone of solamargine and solasonine, which are the major solasodine glycosides present in numerous species of the solanaceae family including potato, tomato or garden egg plant etc. In Phase II clinical trial was shown that solasodine glycosides exhibit anticancer activity against skin cancer. The effects of aglycone solasodine on cancer cells have also been investigated. Solasodine inhibits the growth of human colon and liver cancer cell. In addition, solasodine effectively inhibits proliferation of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells and inhibits invasion of human lung cancer cells. Solasodine possesses CNS activities such as antipyretic, anticonvulsant and memory enhancing effects. Also, solasodine has been found to possess diuretic, antifungal, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-spermatogenetic and antiandrogenic effects.

Imexon (INN, trade name Amplimexon) is a substance that is being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer, including pancreatic, lung, breast, prostate, melanoma, and multiple myeloma. Imexon is a thiol-binding small molecule which induces mitochondrial oxidation, a loss of membrane potential and cytochrome C, leading to apoptosis.

Aconitic Acid found in leaves and tubers of Aconitum napellus L., Ranunculaceae, in various species of Achillea (Compositae) and Equisetum (Equisetaceae), in beet root, and in sugar cane. It is indicated for the temporary relief of symptoms of chronic illness including fatigue, effects of toxin buildup, slowed metabolism, weakened constitution. The limited data on trans-aconitic acid indicate it to be less toxic than citric acid. Trans-aconitate salts appear to be excreted readily by the kidneys. There is no direct evidence that trans-aconitic acid is utilized as is the cis-aconitic acid isomer in mammalian metabolism although non-specific oxidation probably occurs.

Ursolic acid is a natural terpene compond found in a wide variety of plants but most well known for being in apple peels. Ursolic acid has a series of biological effects such as sedative, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, antiulcer, antitumor etc. Ursolic acid has been shown to target multiple proinflammatory transcription factors, cell cycle proteins, growth factors, kinases, cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and inflammatory enzymes. Evidences suggest that ursolic acid could be used as a potential candidate to develop a comprehensive competent strategy towards the treatment and prevention of health disorders. Although the science is preliminary, it seems to be able to reduce fat accumulation and increase muscle mass gain when in a fed state, and to induce fat burning and preserve muscle mass when in a fasted state.

Lycopene is the fat-soluble pigment that gives tomatoes, watermelon, pink grapefruit, and other foods their red color. Bioavailability of lycopene is enhanced in the presence of lipids and thermal processing. Lycopene accounts for about 50% of the carotenoids found in human serum and is among the major carotenoids present in human milk. The antioxidant activity of lycopene and its use in cancer prevention and cardiovascular disease have been widely documented. The scientific literature documents some adverse reactions, such as diarrhea, dyspepsia, gas, nausea, and vomiting. One trial documented a cancer-related hemorrhage in a patient taking lycopene, although causality is unclear. Lycopene interacts with some cancer chemotherapy agents, as well as with ciprofloxacin and olestra.

Coenzyme Q10, also known as ubiquinone, ubidecarenone, coenzyme Q, and abbreviated at times to CoQ10 or Q10 is a coenzyme that is ubiquitous in the bodies of most animals. It is a 1,4-benzoquinone, where Q refers to the quinone chemical group and 10 refers to the number of isoprenyl chemical subunits in its tail. This fat-soluble substance, which resembles a vitamin, is present in most eukaryotic cells, primarily in the mitochondria. It is a component of the electron transport chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration, which generates energy in the form of ATP. Ninety-five percent of the human body’s energy is generated this way. Therefore, those organs with the highest energy requirements—such as the heart, liver, and kidney—have the highest CoQ10 concentrations. There are three redox states of CoQ10: fully oxidized (ubiquinone), semiquinone (ubisemiquinone), and fully reduced (ubiquinol). The capacity of this molecule to act as a 2 electron carrier (moving between the quinone and quinol form) and 1 electron carrier (moving between the semiquinone and one of these other forms) is central to its role in the electron transport chain, and as radical-scavenging antioxidant. Coenzyme Q10 works foremost in every cell of your body to synthesize energy. In cells' mitochondria, CoQ10 helps generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), your body's energy currency. It makes sense that organs with the highest energy needs - including the heart, liver, and kidneys - contain large amounts of CoQ10. Among its roles, ubiquinol protects fats, protein, low-density lipoprotein (LDL, a cholesterol transporter), and DNA from oxidative damage. It also regenerates vitamin E, another powerful antioxidant. Even though Coenzyme Q10 is a supplement and occurs naturally in your body, it doesn't mean that it's side effect free. However, most CoQ10 side effects are mild. Some people may experience allergies to increased Coenzyme Q10. There have been some reports of rashes and itching. Other side effects include a lowering of blood sugar within the body. CoQ10 is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of any medical condition. It is sold as a dietary supplement. In the U.S., supplements are not regulated as drugs, but as foods. How CoQ10 is manufactured is not regulated and different batches and brands may vary significantly. As an over-the-counter nutritional supplement, CoQ10 has been used to treat many things, from heart disease, high blood pressure and high cholesterol to diabetes, breast cancer and gum disease. CoQ10 supposedly can help with immune deficiencies, increase fertility, treat Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, reduce ringing in the ears, delay aging and improve skin, and increase athleticism The key benefits of coenzyme Q10 are summarized as below. A 2014 Cochrane Collaboration meta-analysis found "no convincing evidence to support or refute" the use of CoQ10 for the treatment of heart failure. Evidence with respect to preventing heart disease in those who are otherwise healthy is also poor. A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that studies looking at the effects of CoQ10 on blood pressure were unreliable, and therefore no conclusions could be made regarding its effectiveness in lowering blood pressure. Available evidence suggests that "CoQ10 is likely ineffective in moderately improving" the chorea associated with Huntington's disease. No large well-designed clinical trials of CoQ10 in cancer treatment have been done. The National Cancer Institute identified issues with the few, small studies that have been done stating, "the way the studies were done and the amount of information reported made it unclear if benefits were caused by the CoQ10 or by something else". The American Cancer Society has concluded, "CoQ10 may reduce the effectiveness of chemo and radiation therapy, so most oncologists would recommend avoiding it during cancer treatment. Lower levels of CoQ10 have also been observed in people with Parkinson's disease. Preliminary research has found that increasing CoQ10 may increase levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which is thought to be lowered in people with Parkinson's disease. It has also been suggested that CoQ10 might protect brain cells from damage by free radicals. A small, randomized controlled trial examined the use of 360 mg CoQ10 or a placebo in 28 treated and stable Parkinson's disease patients. After 4 weeks, CoQ10 provided a mild but significant significant mild improvement in early Parkinson's symptoms and significantly improved performance in visual function. As an antioxidant, Coenzyme Q10 helps protect your body against the harmful effects of toxins and also aids the absorption of beneficial vitamins and minerals. Antioxidants are sometimes credited with boosting weight loss, possibly due to their energising effect on the body helping increase the fat-burning benefits of exercise.

LIMONENE, (±)- (Dipentene or Inactive limonene) is a colorless with a lemon-like odor terpene liquid. It is most commonly used as a solvent in a variety of products, like pesticides, paints, enamels, perfumes, hair color and others. Penetration of DL-limonene through the epidermis and dermis is very fast. Vere are some reports about contact dermatitis due to DL-limonene. Ingestion of dipentene can irritate the gastro-intestinal tract. DL-limonene may be recommended as a plant based antimicrobial as well as antioxidant food preservative for enhancement of shelf life of stored food commodities by checking their fungal growth, aflatoxin production and possessing antioxidant activity.

Silymarin, a plant-derived flavonoid from the plant Silybum marianum, is considered the most potential drug to treat almost all kind of liver diseases, particularly alcoholic liver disease, acute and chronic viral hepatitis and toxins-mediated liver dysfunctions. The main component of the silymarin complex is silybin, synonymous with silibinin, sometimes incorrectly called silybinin, which is a mixture of two diastereomers A and B in approximately 1:1 proportion. The drug possess hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity. The hepatoprotective effect is due to stimulation of synthesis of structural and functional proteins and phospholipids, as well as acceleration of the regeneration of hepatocytes. Antioxidant effect is determined by interaction of bioflavones with free radicals in the liver and its detoxication. In such manner the process of peroxidation of the lipids is interrupted and further liver destruction is prevented. Side effect is a mild laxative effect has occasionally been observed.

Lobenzarit is an immunomodulator and antioxidative agent, which has been used successfully in Japan for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Lobenzarit is a scavenger of oxygen-free radicals such as hydroxyl radicals, superoxide, peroxyl and singlet oxygen. Side effects of this medicine are: decreased/considerably increased urinary volume, bloody urine, frequent urination.