Androstanol is a steroid acting as the inverse agonist of constitutive androstane receptor. In addition, androstanol activates pregnane X receptor. In animal models, it protects from drug-induced liver injury. Androstanol appears to be a pheromone.

(3S,5R)-atorvastatin is a stereoisomer of atorvastatin. Atorvastatin is a synthetic hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. 3R,5R enantiopure form of atorvastatin (Lipitor, Pfizer; since Nov 2011 generic) is used clinically. It reduces levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in patients with a wide variety of dyslipidaemias.

Ginkgolide A (GA, BN52020), is a terpene lactone constituent of Ginkgo biloba, the ginkgo tree, is the oldest living tree, with a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. Ginkgolide A is an effective antagonist of platelet activating factor, an ubiquitous phospholipid that acts as a mediator of numerous pathophysiological conditions. Ginkgolide A displays anxiolytic, antiinflammatory properties, protects from cerebral ischemia in animal models.

(Z)-Guggulsterone is a natural product that lowers cholesterol due to its function as an antagonist ligand for the bile acid receptor. (Z)-Guggulsterone is a nuclear hormone receptor that regulates the transcription of several genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and plays a role in cholesterol level regulation. (Z)-Guggulsterone is also a selective farnesoid X receptor (FXR) modulator. Both Guggulsterone isomers were demonstrated to suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by inhibiting IκB-α degradation and NF-κB activation. GS has medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, muscle relaxing, hypocholesterolemic and anti-obesity, antimycobacterial, antischistomal, larvicidal, and molluscicida.

Flavonol (3-Hydroxyflavone) is a practically insole synthetic compound, which is not found naturally in plants. 3-hydroxyflavone can be found in a number of food items such as brassicas, pomegranate, red raspberry, and fenugreek, which makes 3-hydroxyflavone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Flavonol serves as a model molecule as it possesses an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) effect to serve as a fluorescent probe to study membranes for example or intermembrane proteins.

Zeranol is a non-steroidal anabolic growth promoter with potent estrogenic activity that is widely used as a growth promoter in the US beef industry. It is a mycotoxin, derived from fungi in the Fusarium family, it is an estrogen agonist. Zeranol is approved for use as a growth promoter in livestock, including beef cattle, in the United States. In Canada, it is approved for use in beef cattle only. Zeranol was officially banned in Europe due to safety concerns because of its potential carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting biological activity. Merck Animal Health markets zeranol under the brand name Ralgro. It has being shown, that zeranol may increase cancer cell proliferation in already existing breast cancer.

Stevioside, an abundant component of Stevia rebaudiana leaf, has become well-known for its intense sweetness (250-300 times sweeter than sucrose) and is used as a non-caloric sweetener in several countries. Steviol and isosteviol (metabolic components of stevioside) may offer therapeutic benefits, as they have anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diarrheal, diuretic, and immunomodulatory actions. In the presence of 16.7 mM glucose both stevioside and steviol enhance insulin secretion from incubated islets in a dose-dependent manner (1 nM to 1 mM). Even though both stevioside and steviol possess an insulinotropic/anti-hyperglycemic effect, steviol is more potent than stevioside. Steviol is an inhibitor of hOAT1 and hOAT3 organic anion transporters. Human organic anion transporter hOAT1 belongs to a superfamily of organic anion transporters, which play critical roles in the body disposition of clinically important drugs including anti-HIV therapeutics, anti-tumor drugs, antibiotics, anti-hypertensives, and anti-inflammatories. Highly purified steviol glycosides have repeatedly received Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status from the US Food and Drug Administration in the past (FDA).

Flutrimazole (trade names Flusporan, Funcenal, Micetal, Topiderm) is an imidazole derivative, a wide-spectrum antifungal drug used for the topical treatment of superficial mycoses of the skin. Flutrimazole interferes with the synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme lanosterol 14 α-demethylase. Flutrimazole’s antifungal activity has been demonstrated in in vivo and in vitro studies to be comparable to that of clotrimazole and higher than bifonazole. During clinical trials the incidence of adverse reactions in relation to the use of Flutrimazole skin cream was 8%, being the most frequent those described as slight burning, irritation, itching, and erythema in the area of application.