Epipinoresinol is an important component of the medicinal herb Eucommia ulmoides, which has a substantial reputation as an effective antihypertensive remedy. Epipinoresinol (EPR) belongs to the group of furofuran-type lignans consisting of two phenylpropane units. (+)-epipinoresinol exhibited antiplatelet aggregation activity. It also exhibited inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production. Epipinoresinol possess antiproliferative activity.

Balaglitazone, also known as DRF-2593; NNC-61-0645; NNC-61-2344; NN-2344; NNC-610645; NNC-612344, is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ. Balaglitazone plays an important role in the regulation of insulin, triglycerides and lipid metabolism. It is an attractive target for the therapy of Type II Diabetes. Balaglitazone is a partial agonist of PPARγ. It has showed potent effects on lowering blood glucose in various animal models. Balaglitazone passed phase III clinical trial for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories decided to terminate further clinical development of balaglitazone. Balaglitazone exists as two enantiomers: BALAGLITAZONE, (S)- and BALAGLITAZONE, (R)-. A capillary electrophoresis method for separation of a racemic mixture of glitazone compounds has being used. The method separated the R and S enantiomers of balaglitazone, and showed that the samples contained an equal (50:50) quantity of the enantiomers as a mixture. The Rs for the separations were 3.5 for balaglitazone enantiomers.

Tigogenin is a saponin and acts as a natural plant steroid which induces apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. This action is associated with overexpression of COX-2 correlated with overproduction of endogenous PGE2. In addition, it was found that through the inhibition of PPAR gamma and via the p38 MAPK pathway tigogenin has the potential to prevent the development of osteoporosis and the related disorders.

Evodiamine, a naturally occurring indole alkaloid, is one of the main bioactive ingredients of Evodia Rutaecara, the dried unripe fruit of which is also known as Wu zhu yu (Wu Zhu Yu, interchangeably) or Evodia Fruit. Evodia Fruit used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the purposes of warmth, intestinal comfort (specifically; to alleviate abdominal pain, acid regurgitation, nausea and diarrhea), dysmenorrheal, and fighting inflammation and infections. With respect to the pharmacological actions of evodiamine, more attention has been paid to beneficial effects in insults involving cancer, obesity, nociception, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, infectious diseases and thermo-regulative effects. Evodiamine has evolved a superior ability to bind various proteins including TRPV1, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and topoisomerases I and II. There are currently no human studies on evodia rutaecarpa berries or evodiamine.

Balaglitazone, also known as DRF-2593; NNC-61-0645; NNC-61-2344; NN-2344; NNC-610645; NNC-612344, is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ. Balaglitazone plays an important role in the regulation of insulin, triglycerides and lipid metabolism. It is an attractive target for the therapy of Type II Diabetes. Balaglitazone is a partial agonist of PPARγ. It has showed potent effects on lowering blood glucose in various animal models. Balaglitazone passed phase III clinical trial for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories decided to terminate further clinical development of balaglitazone. Balaglitazone exists as two enantiomers: BALAGLITAZONE, (S)- and BALAGLITAZONE, (R)-. A capillary electrophoresis method for separation of a racemic mixture of glitazone compounds has being used. The method separated the R and S enantiomers of balaglitazone, and showed that the samples contained an equal (50:50) quantity of the enantiomers as a mixture. The Rs for the separations were 3.5 for balaglitazone enantiomers.