Cariprazine is an antipsychotic approved by FDA for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder. The drug has a unique clinical action which is explained by its ability to act on dopamine D3 receptors. Pharmacology studies revealed that cariprazine is a dual partial agonist of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors as well as serotonin 5HT1a, 2a and 2b receptors.

Rotigotine is an agonist at all 5 dopamine receptor subtypes (D1-D5) but binds to the D3 receptor with the highest affinity. It is also an antagonist at α-2-adrenergic receptors and an agonist at the 5HT1A receptors. Rotigotine also inhibits dopamine uptake and prolactin secretion. It is FDA approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, restless legs syndrome. Dopamine antagonists, such as antipsychotics or metoclopramide, may diminish the effectiveness of Rotigotine. Common adverse reactions include nausea, vomiting, somnolence, application site reactions, dizziness, anorexia, hyperhidrosis, insomnia and dyskinesia.

Rotigotine is an agonist at all 5 dopamine receptor subtypes (D1-D5) but binds to the D3 receptor with the highest affinity. It is also an antagonist at α-2-adrenergic receptors and an agonist at the 5HT1A receptors. Rotigotine also inhibits dopamine uptake and prolactin secretion. It is FDA approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, restless legs syndrome. Dopamine antagonists, such as antipsychotics or metoclopramide, may diminish the effectiveness of Rotigotine. Common adverse reactions include nausea, vomiting, somnolence, application site reactions, dizziness, anorexia, hyperhidrosis, insomnia and dyskinesia.

Paliperidone (9-OH-risperidone) is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone. While its specific mechanism of action is unknown, it is believed that paliperidone and risperidone act via similar if not the same pathways. It has been proposed that the drug's therapeutic activity in schizophrenia is mediated through a combination of central dopamine Type 2 (D2) and serotonin Type 2 (5HT2A) receptor antagonism. Paliperidone is also active as an antagonist at alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenergic receptors and H1 histaminergic receptors, which may explain some of the other effects of the drug. Paliperidone was approved by the FDA for treatment of schizophrenia on December 20, 2006. Very common adverse effects are: headache, tachycardia, somnolence and insomnia.

Paliperidone (9-OH-risperidone) is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone. While its specific mechanism of action is unknown, it is believed that paliperidone and risperidone act via similar if not the same pathways. It has been proposed that the drug's therapeutic activity in schizophrenia is mediated through a combination of central dopamine Type 2 (D2) and serotonin Type 2 (5HT2A) receptor antagonism. Paliperidone is also active as an antagonist at alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenergic receptors and H1 histaminergic receptors, which may explain some of the other effects of the drug. Paliperidone was approved by the FDA for treatment of schizophrenia on December 20, 2006. Very common adverse effects are: headache, tachycardia, somnolence and insomnia.

Aripiprazole is the first next-generation atypical antipsychotic. The unique actions of aripiprazole in humans are likely a combination of "functionally selective" activation of D(2) (and possibly D(3))-dopamine receptors and serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptors, coupled with inhibition of 5-HT(2A) receptors. Aripiprazole was approved by FDA (Abilify trade name) for the treatment of schizophrenia; manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder; major depressive disorder; irritability associated with autistic disorder; Tourette’s disorder and agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar mania.

Aripiprazole is the first next-generation atypical antipsychotic. The unique actions of aripiprazole in humans are likely a combination of "functionally selective" activation of D(2) (and possibly D(3))-dopamine receptors and serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptors, coupled with inhibition of 5-HT(2A) receptors. Aripiprazole was approved by FDA (Abilify trade name) for the treatment of schizophrenia; manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder; major depressive disorder; irritability associated with autistic disorder; Tourette’s disorder and agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar mania.

Aripiprazole is the first next-generation atypical antipsychotic. The unique actions of aripiprazole in humans are likely a combination of "functionally selective" activation of D(2) (and possibly D(3))-dopamine receptors and serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptors, coupled with inhibition of 5-HT(2A) receptors. Aripiprazole was approved by FDA (Abilify trade name) for the treatment of schizophrenia; manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder; major depressive disorder; irritability associated with autistic disorder; Tourette’s disorder and agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar mania.

Ziprasidone is atypical antipsychotic, approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of schizophrenia, and acute mania and mixed states associated with bipolar disorder. Intramuscilar injections of Ziprasidone are indicated for rapid control of the agitation in schizophrenic patients. Ziprasidone is used off-label for treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, borderline personality disorder. Ziprasidone functions as an antagonist at the D2, 5HT2A, and 5HT1D receptors, and as an agonist at the 5HT1A receptor.

Ziprasidone is atypical antipsychotic, approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of schizophrenia, and acute mania and mixed states associated with bipolar disorder. Intramuscilar injections of Ziprasidone are indicated for rapid control of the agitation in schizophrenic patients. Ziprasidone is used off-label for treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, borderline personality disorder. Ziprasidone functions as an antagonist at the D2, 5HT2A, and 5HT1D receptors, and as an agonist at the 5HT1A receptor.