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Primary Target

Cystine/glutamate transporter

10

Histamine H1 receptor

316

Dopamine D2 receptor

311

DNA

282

Serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor

237

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US Approved Rx

6

Other

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US Previously Marketed

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Highest Phase

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Not Provided

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Approval Year

1963

6

2008

2

Unknown

2

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Condition

Cystic fibrosis

6

Hepatic injury

6

Colon cancer

2

Gastric cancer

2

Unknown

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Treatment Modality

Secondary

8

Primary

6

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CNS Activity

CNS Penetrant

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Originator

Mester, B.

2

Platt, C.

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Chemical

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CAS

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FDA UNII

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PUBCHEM

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EPA CompTox

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ECHA (EC/EINECS)

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ATC Level 1

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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SENSORY ORGANS

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VARIOUS

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ATC Level 2

ALL OTHER THERAPEUTIC PRODUCTS

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COUGH AND COLD PREPARATIONS

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OPHTHALMOLOGICALS

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ATC Level 3

ALL OTHER THERAPEUTIC PRODUCTS

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EXPECTORANTS, EXCL. COMBINATIONS WITH COUGH SUPPRESSANTS

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OTHER OPHTHALMOLOGICALS

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ATC Level 4

Antidotes

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Mucolytics

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Showing 1 - 10 of 10 results

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Acetylcysteine

WYQ7N0BPYC

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Status:

US Approved Rx (1994)

First approved in 1963

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)

Targets:

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1

platelet aggregation

reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process

Glutathione synthetase

Cystine/glutamate transporter

Conditions:

Cystic fibrosis

Acetylcysteine (also known as N-acetylcysteine or N-acetyl-L-cysteine or NAC) is primarily used as a mucolytic agent and in the management of acetaminophen poisoning. Acetylcysteine likely protects the liver by maintaining or restoring the glutathion...

e levels, or by acting as an alternate substrate for conjugation with, and thus detoxification of, the reactive metabolite. Nacystelyn (NAL), a recently-developed lysine salt of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is known to have excellent mucolytic capabilities and is used to treat cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. NAC as a precursor to the antioxidant glutathione modulates glutamatergic, neurotrophic, and inflammatory pathways. The potential applications of NAC to facilitate recovery after traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia, and in treatment of cerebrovascular vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acetylcysteine serves as a prodrug to L-cysteine, which is a precursor to the biologic antioxidant, glutathione, and hence administration of acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione stores. L-cysteine also serves as a precursor to cystine, which in turn serves as a substrate for the cystine-glutamate antiporter on astrocytes hence increasing glutamate release into the extracellular space. Acetylcysteine also possesses some anti-inflammatory effects possibly via inhibiting NF-κB through redox activation of the nuclear factor kappa kinases thereby modulating cytokine synthesis. NAC is associated with reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines and acts as a substrate for glutathione synthesis. These actions are believed to converge upon mechanisms promoting cell survival and growth factor synthesis, leading to increased neurite sprouting.

CYSTINE, D-

KX1RHN0Y0B

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Status:

Other

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)

Targets:

Cystine/glutamate transporter

Conditions:

DL-Cystine is a racemic mixture of the proteinogenic amino acids L-cystine and the non-proteinogenic D-cystine. Cystine is the oxidized dimer form of the amino acid cysteine. L-Cystine serves two biological functions, a site of redox reactions and a ...

mechanical linkage that allows proteins to retain their 3-dimensional structure. DL-cystine is used in the preparation of sulfur-containing dimeric and monomeric surfactants.

CYSTINE

48TCX9A1VT

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Status:

US Previously Marketed

First approved in 2008

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)

Targets:

Cystine/glutamate transporter

Conditions:

Cystine is the oxidized dimer form of the amino acid cysteine. Cystine serves two biological functions, a site of redox reactions and a mechanical linkage that allows proteins to retain their 3-dimensional structure. It is common in many foods such ...

as eggs, meat, dairy products, and whole grains as well as skin, horns and hair. Human hair and skin contain approximately 10–14% cystine by mass. Cysteine supplements are sometimes marketed as anti-aging products with claims of improved skin elasticity. Cysteine is more easily absorbed by the body than cystine, so most supplements contain cysteine rather than cystine. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) is better absorbed than other cysteine or cystine supplements.

ACETYLCYSTEINE ZINC

LP811J9FA1

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Status:

US Approved Rx (1994)

First approved in 1963

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)

Targets:

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1

platelet aggregation

reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process

Glutathione synthetase

Cystine/glutamate transporter

Conditions:

Cystic fibrosis

Acetylcysteine (also known as N-acetylcysteine or N-acetyl-L-cysteine or NAC) is primarily used as a mucolytic agent and in the management of acetaminophen poisoning. Acetylcysteine likely protects the liver by maintaining or restoring the glutathion...

e levels, or by acting as an alternate substrate for conjugation with, and thus detoxification of, the reactive metabolite. Nacystelyn (NAL), a recently-developed lysine salt of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is known to have excellent mucolytic capabilities and is used to treat cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. NAC as a precursor to the antioxidant glutathione modulates glutamatergic, neurotrophic, and inflammatory pathways. The potential applications of NAC to facilitate recovery after traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia, and in treatment of cerebrovascular vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acetylcysteine serves as a prodrug to L-cysteine, which is a precursor to the biologic antioxidant, glutathione, and hence administration of acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione stores. L-cysteine also serves as a precursor to cystine, which in turn serves as a substrate for the cystine-glutamate antiporter on astrocytes hence increasing glutamate release into the extracellular space. Acetylcysteine also possesses some anti-inflammatory effects possibly via inhibiting NF-κB through redox activation of the nuclear factor kappa kinases thereby modulating cytokine synthesis. NAC is associated with reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines and acts as a substrate for glutathione synthesis. These actions are believed to converge upon mechanisms promoting cell survival and growth factor synthesis, leading to increased neurite sprouting.

ACETYLCYSTEINE MAGNESIUM

038D8XOK12

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Status:

US Approved Rx (1994)

First approved in 1963

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)

Targets:

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1

platelet aggregation

reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process

Glutathione synthetase

Cystine/glutamate transporter

Conditions:

Cystic fibrosis

Acetylcysteine (also known as N-acetylcysteine or N-acetyl-L-cysteine or NAC) is primarily used as a mucolytic agent and in the management of acetaminophen poisoning. Acetylcysteine likely protects the liver by maintaining or restoring the glutathion...

e levels, or by acting as an alternate substrate for conjugation with, and thus detoxification of, the reactive metabolite. Nacystelyn (NAL), a recently-developed lysine salt of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is known to have excellent mucolytic capabilities and is used to treat cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. NAC as a precursor to the antioxidant glutathione modulates glutamatergic, neurotrophic, and inflammatory pathways. The potential applications of NAC to facilitate recovery after traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia, and in treatment of cerebrovascular vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acetylcysteine serves as a prodrug to L-cysteine, which is a precursor to the biologic antioxidant, glutathione, and hence administration of acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione stores. L-cysteine also serves as a precursor to cystine, which in turn serves as a substrate for the cystine-glutamate antiporter on astrocytes hence increasing glutamate release into the extracellular space. Acetylcysteine also possesses some anti-inflammatory effects possibly via inhibiting NF-κB through redox activation of the nuclear factor kappa kinases thereby modulating cytokine synthesis. NAC is associated with reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines and acts as a substrate for glutathione synthesis. These actions are believed to converge upon mechanisms promoting cell survival and growth factor synthesis, leading to increased neurite sprouting.

ACETYLCYSTEINE SODIUM

NRD80R06FB

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Status:

US Approved Rx (1994)

First approved in 1963

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)

Targets:

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1

platelet aggregation

reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process

Glutathione synthetase

Cystine/glutamate transporter

Conditions:

Cystic fibrosis

Acetylcysteine (also known as N-acetylcysteine or N-acetyl-L-cysteine or NAC) is primarily used as a mucolytic agent and in the management of acetaminophen poisoning. Acetylcysteine likely protects the liver by maintaining or restoring the glutathion...

e levels, or by acting as an alternate substrate for conjugation with, and thus detoxification of, the reactive metabolite. Nacystelyn (NAL), a recently-developed lysine salt of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is known to have excellent mucolytic capabilities and is used to treat cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. NAC as a precursor to the antioxidant glutathione modulates glutamatergic, neurotrophic, and inflammatory pathways. The potential applications of NAC to facilitate recovery after traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia, and in treatment of cerebrovascular vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acetylcysteine serves as a prodrug to L-cysteine, which is a precursor to the biologic antioxidant, glutathione, and hence administration of acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione stores. L-cysteine also serves as a precursor to cystine, which in turn serves as a substrate for the cystine-glutamate antiporter on astrocytes hence increasing glutamate release into the extracellular space. Acetylcysteine also possesses some anti-inflammatory effects possibly via inhibiting NF-κB through redox activation of the nuclear factor kappa kinases thereby modulating cytokine synthesis. NAC is associated with reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines and acts as a substrate for glutathione synthesis. These actions are believed to converge upon mechanisms promoting cell survival and growth factor synthesis, leading to increased neurite sprouting.

ACETYLCYSTEINE LYSINE

8G1KV0RT1P

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Status:

US Approved Rx (1994)

First approved in 1963

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)

Targets:

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1

platelet aggregation

reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process

Glutathione synthetase

Cystine/glutamate transporter

Conditions:

Cystic fibrosis

Acetylcysteine (also known as N-acetylcysteine or N-acetyl-L-cysteine or NAC) is primarily used as a mucolytic agent and in the management of acetaminophen poisoning. Acetylcysteine likely protects the liver by maintaining or restoring the glutathion...

e levels, or by acting as an alternate substrate for conjugation with, and thus detoxification of, the reactive metabolite. Nacystelyn (NAL), a recently-developed lysine salt of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is known to have excellent mucolytic capabilities and is used to treat cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. NAC as a precursor to the antioxidant glutathione modulates glutamatergic, neurotrophic, and inflammatory pathways. The potential applications of NAC to facilitate recovery after traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia, and in treatment of cerebrovascular vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acetylcysteine serves as a prodrug to L-cysteine, which is a precursor to the biologic antioxidant, glutathione, and hence administration of acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione stores. L-cysteine also serves as a precursor to cystine, which in turn serves as a substrate for the cystine-glutamate antiporter on astrocytes hence increasing glutamate release into the extracellular space. Acetylcysteine also possesses some anti-inflammatory effects possibly via inhibiting NF-κB through redox activation of the nuclear factor kappa kinases thereby modulating cytokine synthesis. NAC is associated with reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines and acts as a substrate for glutathione synthesis. These actions are believed to converge upon mechanisms promoting cell survival and growth factor synthesis, leading to increased neurite sprouting.

ACETYLCYSTEINE CALCIUM

M25DRG18YK

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Status:

US Approved Rx (1994)

First approved in 1963

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)

Targets:

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1

platelet aggregation

reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process

Glutathione synthetase

Cystine/glutamate transporter

Conditions:

Cystic fibrosis

Acetylcysteine (also known as N-acetylcysteine or N-acetyl-L-cysteine or NAC) is primarily used as a mucolytic agent and in the management of acetaminophen poisoning. Acetylcysteine likely protects the liver by maintaining or restoring the glutathion...

e levels, or by acting as an alternate substrate for conjugation with, and thus detoxification of, the reactive metabolite. Nacystelyn (NAL), a recently-developed lysine salt of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is known to have excellent mucolytic capabilities and is used to treat cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. NAC as a precursor to the antioxidant glutathione modulates glutamatergic, neurotrophic, and inflammatory pathways. The potential applications of NAC to facilitate recovery after traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia, and in treatment of cerebrovascular vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acetylcysteine serves as a prodrug to L-cysteine, which is a precursor to the biologic antioxidant, glutathione, and hence administration of acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione stores. L-cysteine also serves as a precursor to cystine, which in turn serves as a substrate for the cystine-glutamate antiporter on astrocytes hence increasing glutamate release into the extracellular space. Acetylcysteine also possesses some anti-inflammatory effects possibly via inhibiting NF-κB through redox activation of the nuclear factor kappa kinases thereby modulating cytokine synthesis. NAC is associated with reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines and acts as a substrate for glutathione synthesis. These actions are believed to converge upon mechanisms promoting cell survival and growth factor synthesis, leading to increased neurite sprouting.

CYSTINE, DL-

06681CV9GH

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Status:

Other

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)

Targets:

Cystine/glutamate transporter

Conditions:

DL-Cystine is a racemic mixture of the proteinogenic amino acids L-cystine and the non-proteinogenic D-cystine. Cystine is the oxidized dimer form of the amino acid cysteine. L-Cystine serves two biological functions, a site of redox reactions and a ...

mechanical linkage that allows proteins to retain their 3-dimensional structure. DL-cystine is used in the preparation of sulfur-containing dimeric and monomeric surfactants.

CYSTINE DISODIUM

44LSG83CXL

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Search for Structure

Status:

US Previously Marketed

First approved in 2008

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)

Targets:

Cystine/glutamate transporter

Conditions:

Cystine is the oxidized dimer form of the amino acid cysteine. Cystine serves two biological functions, a site of redox reactions and a mechanical linkage that allows proteins to retain their 3-dimensional structure. It is common in many foods such ...

as eggs, meat, dairy products, and whole grains as well as skin, horns and hair. Human hair and skin contain approximately 10–14% cystine by mass. Cysteine supplements are sometimes marketed as anti-aging products with claims of improved skin elasticity. Cysteine is more easily absorbed by the body than cystine, so most supplements contain cysteine rather than cystine. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) is better absorbed than other cysteine or cystine supplements.

HHS VULNERABILITY DISCLOSURE

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