Ceftolozane is a novel a cephalosporin-class antibacterial drug. In combination with a beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam (ZERBAXA, ceftolozane/tazobactam ) ceftolozane, is currently indicated for the treatment of the adult patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections caused by designated Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms and complicated urinary tract infections caused by certain Gram-negative bacteria, including those caused by multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of ZERBAXA and other antibacterial drugs, ZERBAXA should be used only to treat infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Vortioxetine is an antidepressant for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Vortioxetine’s mechanism of action is not fully understood. Vortioxetine binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter and its antidepressant actions are believed to be secondary to enhancing serotonin in the central nervous system through inhibition of reuptake. Vortioxetine also displays binding affinities to other serotonin (5-HT) receptors, including 5-HT3, 5-HT1A, and 5-HT7. Due to multimodal neurotransmitter enhancer profile, it has been suggested that it might need lesser receptor occupancy rate for clinical trials than other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Since vortioxetine is an agonist and antagonist of multiple serotonin receptors, potential interactions may occur with other medications that alter the serotonergic pathways. There is an increased risk of serotonin syndrome when vortioxetine is used in combination with other serotonergic agents.

Vortioxetine is an antidepressant for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Vortioxetine’s mechanism of action is not fully understood. Vortioxetine binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter and its antidepressant actions are believed to be secondary to enhancing serotonin in the central nervous system through inhibition of reuptake. Vortioxetine also displays binding affinities to other serotonin (5-HT) receptors, including 5-HT3, 5-HT1A, and 5-HT7. Due to multimodal neurotransmitter enhancer profile, it has been suggested that it might need lesser receptor occupancy rate for clinical trials than other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Since vortioxetine is an agonist and antagonist of multiple serotonin receptors, potential interactions may occur with other medications that alter the serotonergic pathways. There is an increased risk of serotonin syndrome when vortioxetine is used in combination with other serotonergic agents.

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is the methyl ester of fumaric acid. DMF was initially recognized as a very effective hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. Later, DMF combined with three other fumaric acid esters (FAE) was licensed in Germany as oral therapy for psoriasis (trade name Fumaderm). Phase III clinical trials found that DMF (BG-12) successfully reduced relapse rate and increased time to progression of disability in multiple sclerosis (trade name Tecfidera). DMF is thought to have immunomodulatory properties without significant immunosuppression. The mechanism of action of dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis is not well understood. It is thought to involve dimethyl fumarate degradation to its active metabolite monomethyl fumarate (MMF) then MMF up-regulates the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathway that is activated in response to oxidative stress. Dimethyl fumarate is marketed under the brand name Tecfidera.

Vortioxetine is an antidepressant for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Vortioxetine’s mechanism of action is not fully understood. Vortioxetine binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter and its antidepressant actions are believed to be secondary to enhancing serotonin in the central nervous system through inhibition of reuptake. Vortioxetine also displays binding affinities to other serotonin (5-HT) receptors, including 5-HT3, 5-HT1A, and 5-HT7. Due to multimodal neurotransmitter enhancer profile, it has been suggested that it might need lesser receptor occupancy rate for clinical trials than other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Since vortioxetine is an agonist and antagonist of multiple serotonin receptors, potential interactions may occur with other medications that alter the serotonergic pathways. There is an increased risk of serotonin syndrome when vortioxetine is used in combination with other serotonergic agents.

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is the methyl ester of fumaric acid. DMF was initially recognized as a very effective hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. Later, DMF combined with three other fumaric acid esters (FAE) was licensed in Germany as oral therapy for psoriasis (trade name Fumaderm). Phase III clinical trials found that DMF (BG-12) successfully reduced relapse rate and increased time to progression of disability in multiple sclerosis (trade name Tecfidera). DMF is thought to have immunomodulatory properties without significant immunosuppression. The mechanism of action of dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis is not well understood. It is thought to involve dimethyl fumarate degradation to its active metabolite monomethyl fumarate (MMF) then MMF up-regulates the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathway that is activated in response to oxidative stress. Dimethyl fumarate is marketed under the brand name Tecfidera.

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is the methyl ester of fumaric acid. DMF was initially recognized as a very effective hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. Later, DMF combined with three other fumaric acid esters (FAE) was licensed in Germany as oral therapy for psoriasis (trade name Fumaderm). Phase III clinical trials found that DMF (BG-12) successfully reduced relapse rate and increased time to progression of disability in multiple sclerosis (trade name Tecfidera). DMF is thought to have immunomodulatory properties without significant immunosuppression. The mechanism of action of dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis is not well understood. It is thought to involve dimethyl fumarate degradation to its active metabolite monomethyl fumarate (MMF) then MMF up-regulates the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathway that is activated in response to oxidative stress. Dimethyl fumarate is marketed under the brand name Tecfidera.

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is the methyl ester of fumaric acid. DMF was initially recognized as a very effective hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. Later, DMF combined with three other fumaric acid esters (FAE) was licensed in Germany as oral therapy for psoriasis (trade name Fumaderm). Phase III clinical trials found that DMF (BG-12) successfully reduced relapse rate and increased time to progression of disability in multiple sclerosis (trade name Tecfidera). DMF is thought to have immunomodulatory properties without significant immunosuppression. The mechanism of action of dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis is not well understood. It is thought to involve dimethyl fumarate degradation to its active metabolite monomethyl fumarate (MMF) then MMF up-regulates the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathway that is activated in response to oxidative stress. Dimethyl fumarate is marketed under the brand name Tecfidera.

Vortioxetine is an antidepressant for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Vortioxetine’s mechanism of action is not fully understood. Vortioxetine binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter and its antidepressant actions are believed to be secondary to enhancing serotonin in the central nervous system through inhibition of reuptake. Vortioxetine also displays binding affinities to other serotonin (5-HT) receptors, including 5-HT3, 5-HT1A, and 5-HT7. Due to multimodal neurotransmitter enhancer profile, it has been suggested that it might need lesser receptor occupancy rate for clinical trials than other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Since vortioxetine is an agonist and antagonist of multiple serotonin receptors, potential interactions may occur with other medications that alter the serotonergic pathways. There is an increased risk of serotonin syndrome when vortioxetine is used in combination with other serotonergic agents.

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is the methyl ester of fumaric acid. DMF was initially recognized as a very effective hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. Later, DMF combined with three other fumaric acid esters (FAE) was licensed in Germany as oral therapy for psoriasis (trade name Fumaderm). Phase III clinical trials found that DMF (BG-12) successfully reduced relapse rate and increased time to progression of disability in multiple sclerosis (trade name Tecfidera). DMF is thought to have immunomodulatory properties without significant immunosuppression. The mechanism of action of dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis is not well understood. It is thought to involve dimethyl fumarate degradation to its active metabolite monomethyl fumarate (MMF) then MMF up-regulates the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathway that is activated in response to oxidative stress. Dimethyl fumarate is marketed under the brand name Tecfidera.