Cyclosporins are cyclic polypeptide macrolides that were originally derived from the soil fungus Tolypocladium inflatum. Cyclosporine (also known as cyclosporine A) was discovered by Sandoz and developed for the tretment of immune disorders. The drug was approved by FDA for such diseases as Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriasis (Neoral), Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (Restasis) and prevention of transplant rejections (Neoral and Sandimmune). Cyclosporine’s primary immunosuppressive mechanism of action is inhibition of T-lymphocyte function. Upon administration cyclosporine binds to cyclophilin A and thus inhibits calcineurin, leading to immune system suppression.

Lomustine is used in the treatment of certain neoplastic diseases. Although it is generally agreed that lomustine alkylates DNA and RNA, it is not cross resistant with other alkylators. As with other nitrosoureas, it may also inhibit several key enzymatic processes by carbamoylation of amino acids in proteins. Common adverse reactions include delayed myelosupression, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, and alopecia.

Mitotane is an oral chemotherapeutic agent indicated in the treatment of inoperable adrenal cortical carcinoma of both functional and nonfunctional types. Mitotane can best be described as an adrenal cytotoxic agent, although it can cause adrenal inhibition, apparently without cellular destruction. The administration of Mitotane alters the extra-adrenal metabolism of cortisol in man; leading to a reduction in measurable 17-hydroxy corticosteroids, even though plasma levels of corticosteroids do not fall. The drug apparently causes increased formation of 6-B-hydroxyl cortisol. Its biochemical mechanism of action is unknown, although data are available to suggest that the drug modifies the peripheral metabolism of steroids as well as directly suppressing the adrenal cortex. Mitotane is used for treatment of inoperable adrenocortical tumours; Cushing's syndrome

Cyclophosphamide (the generic name for Cytoxan, Neosar, Revimmune), also known as cytophosphane, is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent, from the oxazophorines group. It is used to treat various types of cancer and some autoimmune disorders. It is a "prodrug"; it is converted in the liver to active forms that have chemotherapeutic activity

Chlorambucil is a bifunctional 12 alkylating agent of the nitrogen mustard type that has been found active against selected human 13 neoplastic diseases. Chlorambucil alkylates and cross-links DNA during all phases of the cell cycle, inducing DNA damage via three different methods of covalent adduct generation with double-helical DNA. Bone marrow suppression (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia) is the most commonly occurring side effect of chlorambucil. There are no known drug/drug interactions with chlorambucil.

Plicamycin (INN, also known as mithramycin; trade name Mithracin) is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces plicatus. Plicamycin belongs to the group of medicines known as antineoplastics. It may be used to treat certain types of cancer. It is also used to treat hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria (too much calcium in the blood or urine) that may occur with some types of cancer. Once a medicine has been approved for marketing for a certain use, experience may show that it is also useful for other medical problems. Although this use is not included in product labeling, plicamycin is used in certain patients with the following medical condition:Paget's disease of the bone. The manufacturer discontinued plicamycin in 2000. Several different structures are currently reported in different places all with the same chromomycin core, but with different stereochemistry in the glycoside chain, a 1999 study has re-investigated the compound and proposed a revised structure. Although the exact mechanism by which Mithracin (plicamycin) causes tumor inhibition is not yet known, studies have indicated that this compound forms a complex with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and inhibits cellular ribonucleic acid (RNA) and enzymic RNA synthesis. The binding of Mithracin (plicamycin) to DNA in the presence of Mg + + (or other divalent cations) is responsible for the inhibition of DNA-dependent or DNA-directed RNA synthesis. This action presumably accounts for the biological properties of Mithracin (plicamycin). Plicamycin may also lower calcium serum levels by inhibiting the effect of parathyroid hormone upon osteoclasts or by blocking the hypercalcemic action of pharmacologic doses of vitamin D.

Cyclophosphamide (the generic name for Cytoxan, Neosar, Revimmune), also known as cytophosphane, is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent, from the oxazophorines group. It is used to treat various types of cancer and some autoimmune disorders. It is a "prodrug"; it is converted in the liver to active forms that have chemotherapeutic activity

Cyclophosphamide (the generic name for Cytoxan, Neosar, Revimmune), also known as cytophosphane, is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent, from the oxazophorines group. It is used to treat various types of cancer and some autoimmune disorders. It is a "prodrug"; it is converted in the liver to active forms that have chemotherapeutic activity