Lovastatin acid is an active metabolite of hypolipidemic drug Lovastatin. Lovastatin acid inhibits HMG-CoA reductase. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, which is an early and rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Lovastatin has been shown to reduce both normal and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Lovastatin in approved for prevention of cardiovascular events and hypercholesterolemia. Off-label use of lovastatin includes treatmetn of diabetic dyslipidemia, familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, or nephrotic hyperlipidemia. Lovastatin was tested in clinical trials agains radioation injury during therapy of prostate cancer.

Mevalonolactone (ML) is a lactone form of mevalonic acid (MA), they exist in equilibrium. Mevalonolactone is used to study the effect of statin on the prenylation of Ras and Rho GTPases. Recently was discovered, that mevalonolactone disrupted mitochondrial functions and induced permeability transition pore opening in rat brain mitochondria, what can be important for the pathogenesis of mevalonic aciduria. Mevalonic aciduria is caused by severe deficiency of mevalonic kinase activity leading to tissue accumulation and high urinary excretion of mevalonic acid and mevalonolactone. It was proved that ML impaired essential brain mitochondrial functions with the involvement of MPT pore opening and that disturbance of brain mitochondrial homeostasis contributed to the neurologic symptoms of MVA.

4-tert-octylphenol (OP) is a compound of the class of endocrine disruptors. In 2011 it was added to the list of Substances of Very High Concern (SVHCs) based on the results of an evaluation of the effects of 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) on the growth, survival, and steroid hormone and cAMP production by isolated 14-day-old rats (Sprague-Dawley) ovarian follicles. During a 5-day culture with isolated ovarian follicles, OP decreased estradiol and testosterone secretion in a dose-dependent manner, decreased forskolin-induced cAMP levels, and showed no effect on aromatase activity.

Cerivastatin (BAYCOL®) is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, which is responsible for the conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) to mevalonate, a precursor of sterols, including cholesterol. The inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by cerivastatin reduces the level of cholesterol in hepatic cells, which stimulates the synthesis of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, thereby increasing the uptake of cellular LDL particles. The end result of these biochemical processes is a reduction of the plasma cholesterol concentration. On August 8, 2001 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that Bayer Pharmaceutical Division voluntarily withdrew BAYCOL® from the U.S. market, due to reports of fatal rhabdomyolysis, a severe adverse reaction from this cholesterol-lowering (lipid-lowering) product. It has also been withdrawn from the Canadian market.

Lauryl glucoside is a non-ionic biodegradable surfactant made from plants; it is a member of the alkyl glucoside group and is used in cleaning agents and emulsions in cosmetics. Lauryl glucoside can lead to the allergic reactions.

N-Vinylpyrrolidinone is a slightly to moderately yellow heterocyclic, reactive vinyl monomer made from the reaction of acetylene and 2-pyrrolidone. The inherent properties of high polarity, low toxicity, water solubility, chemical stability, and pseudo-cationic activity are imparted to its homopolymers and copolymers. N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone may irritate the skin and eyes and contact may result in corneal opacity. Inhalation of vapors may irritate the respiratory tract. The N-Vinylpyrrolidinone monomer is commonly used as a reactive diluent in ultraviolet and electron-beam curable polymers applied as inks, coatings or adhesives. Copolymers of N-Vinylpyrrolidinone are used in the above applications and also for textile finishes and sizes, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and as a vehicle for hair spray.