PD-153035 is a potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR. PD 153035 shows a potent and selective inhibitory effect on tyrosine phosphorylation induced by EGF in Swiss 3T3 fibroblast and A-431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells. PD153035 shows dose-dependent growth inhibitory effects in cultures of EGF receptor-overexpressing human cancer cell lines (A431, Difi, DU145, MDA-MB-468, and ME180) and in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines (NPC-TW01, NPC-TW04, and HONE1). Pretreatment of EGFR inhibitors by 24 hours significantly enhances the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin, paclitaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil in NPCTW04 cells. PD153035 abolishes COX-2 expression induced by the PAR(2)-activating peptide 2-furoyl-LIGRLO-NH(2) (2fLI) in Caco-2 colon cancer cells. In A431 human epidermoid tumors grown as xenografts in immunodeficient nude mice, PD153035 at 80 mg/kg i.p. inhibit EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity. PD153035 improves glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and signaling and reduces subclinical inflammation in HFD-fed mice.

Ginkgolide B belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ginkgolides and bilobalides. These are diterpene lactones with a structure based either on the gingkolide or the bilobalide skeleton. The ginkgolide skeleton is a very rigid structure consisting of hexacyclic C20 trilactone. The cis-fused F/A/D/C ring junction forms an empty semi-ball hole, the D ring contains a cage form tetrahydrofuran ring which occupies the center of the empty hole, and the oxygen atoms of the D,C and F ring and 10-hydroxyl group consist of an analogous crown ether structure. Ginkgolide B is one of the ginkgolides isolated from the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree. The Ginkgolide B is the most potent antagonist of platelet activating factor (PAF) and exhibits therapeutic action in a variety of diseases mainly by the PAF receptor. The ginkgolide B possesses a number of beneficial effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. It promotes the proliferation, migration and adhesion of endothelial progenitor cells, and the induction of angiogenesis through vascular endothelial factor (VEGF). Ginkgolide B is considered a valid non-pharmacological (or nutraceutical) approach to the prophylaxis of both migraine with and without aura. Effects of ginkgolide B include reduction of Ca2+-stimulated intracellular events, scavenging of free radicals, modulation of central nervous system glutamatergic transmission and reduction of antiplatelet activating factor (PAF) levels in brain. Ginkgolide B is an active component of EGb, a standardised extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves. Ginkgolide B is one of the major components of EGb-761.

PD-153035 is a potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR. PD 153035 shows a potent and selective inhibitory effect on tyrosine phosphorylation induced by EGF in Swiss 3T3 fibroblast and A-431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells. PD153035 shows dose-dependent growth inhibitory effects in cultures of EGF receptor-overexpressing human cancer cell lines (A431, Difi, DU145, MDA-MB-468, and ME180) and in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines (NPC-TW01, NPC-TW04, and HONE1). Pretreatment of EGFR inhibitors by 24 hours significantly enhances the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin, paclitaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil in NPCTW04 cells. PD153035 abolishes COX-2 expression induced by the PAR(2)-activating peptide 2-furoyl-LIGRLO-NH(2) (2fLI) in Caco-2 colon cancer cells. In A431 human epidermoid tumors grown as xenografts in immunodeficient nude mice, PD153035 at 80 mg/kg i.p. inhibit EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity. PD153035 improves glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and signaling and reduces subclinical inflammation in HFD-fed mice.