MK-0359 (L-454560) is a selective and potent type 4 phosphodiesterases (PDE4) inhibitor, which binds to both the apo-(Mg2+-free) and holoenzyme states of PDE4. This compound successfully has passed the phase II clinical trial for the treatment of asthma, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive (COPD) and Rheumatoid Arthritis. However, there is no information about the further research of this drug.

ATB-346, being developed by Antibe Therapeutics, a Toronto-based pharmaceutical company, is a hydrogen sulfide-releasing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits COX and suppresses prostaglandin production. ATB-346 exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective activities. In vivo, this compound attenuates zymosan-induced inflammation, nociception, and immune signaling. ATB-346 also prevents ligature-induced periodontal bone loss and pathologies, potentially by suppressing increases in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Additionally, ATB-346 decreases edema and improves neurological function in animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). ATB-346 completed Phase 1 clinical studies in Q1 2015. To better understand the metabolism of ATB-346, Antibe conducted a radiolabeled study in rats at Covance Laboratories that was completed in Q4 2015. Antibe received approval from Health Canada in March 2016 to conduct a Phase 2 trial of ATB-346 in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Preclinical studies of ATB-346 for the treatment intestinal cancer; malignant melanoma; periodontal disorders are in progress.

ASC-J9, also known dimethylcurcumin, is an androgen receptor (AR) degradation enhancer, it suppresses AR function via selective interruption between androgen receptors (ARs) and its selective co-activators (ARA55 or ARA70). This drug was successfully passed phase II clinical trial for topical application to treat the facial acne. In addition, ASC-J9 participated in the preclinical experiments to suppress prostatitis by altering the autoimmune response induced by CD4 T cell recruitment. In combination with sorafenib was shown, that ASC-J9 suppressed the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression via altering the pSTAT3-CCL2/Bcl2 signals.

APR-246 is a methylated form of PRIMA-1, 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxymethyl-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one (PRIMA-1MET). APR-246, is a prodrug that is converted to the Michael acceptor methylene quinuclidinone (MQ) that binds covalently to cysteines in p53, leading to refolding and restoration of wild type p53 function. MQ also targets the cellular redox balance by inhibiting thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1) and depleting glutathione. APR-246 can rescue mutant forms of the p53 family members p63 and p73 that share high sequence homology with p53. APR-246 has demonstrated compelling pre-clinical antitumor activity in a wide variety of solid and hematological (blood) tumors, including ovarian cancer, small cell lung cancer, esophageal cancer and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), among others. Furthermore, strong synergy has been seen with both traditional anticancer agents, such as chemotherapy, as well as newer mechanism-based anticancer drugs. A Phase I clinical study has been completed, demonstrating a favorable safety profile and both biological and clinical responses in hematological tumors with mutations in the p53 gene. A Phase Ib clinical study in combination with full dose chemotherapy (carboplatin and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin) has also been completed, demonstrating a favorable safety profile in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). APR-246 is currently in a Phase II clinical trial in patients with HGSOC, and additional Phase Ib clinical studies of APR-246 in other cancer indications are planned.

Taladegib (LY2940680) is an orally bioavailable small molecule antagonist of the Hedgehog (Hh)-ligand cell surface receptor smoothened (Smo) with potential antineoplastic activity. Taladegib inhibits signaling that is mediated by the Hh pathway protein Smo, which may result in a suppression of the Hh signaling pathway and may lead to the inhibition of the proliferation of tumor cells in which this pathway is abnormally activated. The Hh signaling pathway plays an important role in cellular growth, differentiation and repair; constitutive activation of this pathway is associated with uncontrolled cellular proliferation and has been observed in a variety of cancers. Taladegib has excellent pharmacokinetic properties in rodent and non-rodent species. Taladegib administrated orally treats Ptch+/- p53-/- transgenic mice which spontaneously develop medulloblastoma, produces remarkable efficacy and significantly improves their survival. Taladegib reveals rapid kinetics of anti-tumor activity through magnetic resonance imaging of these mice, and Taladegib induces Caspase-3 activity and reduces proliferation by immunohistochemistry analysis of medulloblastoma tumors. Taladegib inhibits Hh regulated gene expression in the subcutaneous xenograft tumor stroma and produces significant anti-tumor activity. Taladegib is currently in phase I clinical trials for ovarian cancer and solid tumours and in phase I/II for esophageal cancer. Ignyta exclusively licensed Taladegib from Eli Lilly and Company in November 2015.

LY2874455 is a pan-FGFR inhibitor that binds to the ATP-binding pocket of FGFR4 in a unique, chair-like conformation through a multitude of interactions. LY2874455 exhibits a potential clinical use for treating various forms of human malignancies.

FGF-401 is an inhibitor of human fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, FGF401 binds to and inhibits the activity of FGFR4, which leads to an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in FGFR4-overexpressing cells. FGFR4 is a receptor tyrosine kinase upregulated in certain tumor cells and involved in tumor cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and survival. FGF-401 is an FGFR4 inhibitor in phase I/II clinical studies at Novartis for the treatment of positive FGFR4 and KLB expression solid tumors and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Pinocembrin (5,7-dihydroxyflavanone) is one of the primary flavonoids isolated from the variety of plants, mainly from Pinus heartwood, Eucalyptus, Populus, Euphorbia, and Sparattosperma leucanthum. Pinocembrin is a major flavonoid molecule incorporated as multifunctional in the pharmaceutical industry. Its vast range of pharmacological activities has been well researched including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. In addition, pinocembrin can be used as neuroprotective against cerebral ischemic injury with a wide therapeutic time window, which may be attributed to its antiexcitotoxic effects.

KYORIN Pharmaceutical has developed a new sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor type 1 agonist, 2-amino-2-propanediol hydrochloride (KRP-203), for immunomodulation in autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation. This drug was in phase II clinical trial for the treatment Ulcerative Colitis, but this study was terminated. In addition, it has been investigated for the treatment of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus and Crohn's Disease, these phases II clinical trial studies were successfully completed.

PF-06700841 is an inhibitor of JAK1 and TYK2 kinases. PF-06700841 tosylate salt is potentially a treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and plaque psoriasis.