Propagermanium, a newly introduced hydrophilic polymer of 3-oxygermanium propionic acid (3,3’-(1,3- dioxo-1,3-digermoxanediyl) bispropionic acid) has been reported to have antiinflammatory, antiviral and antineoplastic properties. In Japan propagermanium is approved for the treatment of HBe positive chronic hepatitis B. A postmarketing survey, however, revealed the occurrence of moderate to severe liver damage after the treatment in about 4% of patients. In most countries propagermanium falls under the regulations of dietary supplements. An import alert on germanium products was imposed by the U.S. FDA in 1988, because of possible injury to health. In Germany governmental institutions warned consumers of possibly fatal kidney damage.

α-Mangostin is a bioactive compound isolated from Garcinia mangostana L. known as the queen of fruits. Traditionally, numerous parts of G. mangostana have been utilized to treat various ailments such as abdominal pain, food allergies, arthritis, leucorrhoea, gonorrhea, diarrhea, and chronic ulcer. Experiments on animal have revealed that alpha-mangostin, an acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor, plays a protective role in diabetic neuropathy by relieving ER stress induced-renal cell apoptosis. Besides, it used against gastric ulcer, but this study was discontinued. α-Mangostin is also a histamine H1 receptor antagonist and is a specific inhibitor of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), which has been reported to be overexpressed in several human cancers. α-mangostin has anti-carcinogenic effects against several cancers, including breast, colorectal cancers, and renal cell carcinoma. Thus, α-mangostin can be used to produce more potent LSD1 inhibitors with potential anticancer activity.

beta-Caryophyllene alcohol is a fragrance ingredient used in decorative cosmetics, fine fragrances, shampoos, toilet soaps and other toiletries as well as in non-cosmetic products such as household cleaners and detergents. Its use worldwide is in the region of <0.1 metric tonnes per annum. In vivo studies found that b-Caryophyllene alcohol significantly inhibited asthma induced by histamine and acetylcholine in guinea pigs with the efficacy lasting for at least 6 hours and with the potency equivalent to aminophylline. Inhibition of airway inflammation and scavenging of free radical and reactive oxygen species was one of the mechanisms of anti-asthmatic action