Cloperidone is a quinazolinedione derivative with sedative and antihypertensive properties. Cloperidone was discovered in 1965 by Miles Laboratories. The activity of the compound was demonstrated by behavioral observations in dogs and cats, by rotarod and activity cage experiments in mice and in other models.

Diacetolol is the major metabolite of the β-adrenoceptor blocking agent, acebutolol. In vitro, the β-adrenoceptor blocking potency of diacetolol was less than that of acebutolol but its cardioselectivity (atrial relative to tracheal tissue) was greater. Diacetolol had weak intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, and no significant membrane-stabilizing activity. It did not restore sinus rhythm to anaesthetized dogs with ouabain-induced arrhythmias but was similar to acebutolol in preventing arrhythmia induced by adrenaline/methylchloroform in anaesthetized cats. Study of diacetolol pharmacokinetics and bioavailability suggests either a first-pass effect or incomplete absorption of diacetolol after oral administration. Diacetolol plasma half-life after oral administration is about 12 h and is not dose-dependent. Diacetolol possesses significant antihypertensive action against moderate essential hypertension in man. Its antihypertensive effect is associated with a reduction in the heart rate and a decrease in plasma renin activity.

Tiodazosin is a newly developed antihypertensive agent, structurally related to prazosin. Prazosin and tiodazosin administrated intravenously to anesthetized rats, are equally effective hypotensive agents, but that the hypotensive potency of prazosin is greater than that of tiodazosin. However, chronic administration of equivalent doses of the two compounds for 25 and 52 days via the drinking water indicated approximately equivalent, sustained reductions in blood pressure. Furthermore, at the end of the 52-day chronic dosing period tiodazosin caused appreciably less alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist activity than prazosin as assessed by the norepinephrine dose-pressor response profiles.

KETIPRAMINE, an imipramine derivative, is a tricyclic antidepressant. In clinical trials, it was found to be as effective as imipramine for the depression treatment, with fewer secondary effects.

Phosphorylcholine (ChoP) is a small zwitterionic amino alcohol, which is composed of a negatively charged phosphate bonded to a small, positively charged choline group. Phosphorylcholine is the precursor metabolite of choline in the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism pathways and in intermediate between choline and cytidine-diphosphate choline in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. Phosphorylcholine is an interesting compound from an immunologic point of view, being an immunodominant determinant of pneumococcal teichoic acids and also a major prerequisite for proinflammatory effects of PAF and PAF-like lipids where PC is a common denominator. PC is also a component of some bacteria, apoptotic cells, and OxLDL, which, if exposed, is immunogenic. PC has several properties that could in principle both promote and protect against disease, depending on the pathogen and type of inflammatory reaction. In the field of interventional cardiology, phosphorylcholine is used as a synthetic polymer-based coating, applied to drug-eluting stents, to prevent the occurrence of coronary artery restenosis. To date, more than 120,000 Phosphorylcholine-coated stents have been implanted in patients with no apparent deleterious effect in the long term compared to bare metal stent technologies

Ditiocarb, the sodium salt of diethyldithiocarbamate, is a drug with strong antioxidant capacity and chelating activities. It improves the depressed immune responses of newborn and aged mice and mice that are treated with chemotherapy or irradiation. Ditiocarb prevents cisplatin nephrotoxicity in animals without reducing the drug's antitumor activity. Ditiocarb has therapeutic activity in the LP-BM5 murine retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency disease. In that AIDS model, it reduces lymphadenopathy and hypergammaglobulinemia, restores immunocompetence, and prolongs survival. Ditiocarb was safe and reduced the incidence of opportunistic infections in patients with symptomatic HIV infection but ditiocarb had no positive effect on HIV patients. The administration of ditiocarb did not induce any major adverse clinical or biological reactions. Sixty-four patients with nonmetastatic high-risk breast cancer were randomized in a double-blind trial of adjuvant immunotherapy with sodium ditiocarb (DDC) versus placebo. At 6 years, overall survival was 81% in DDC group versus 55%.

Stilbazium is a pyridinium derivative with considerable anthelminthic activity against some animal nematodes, including Syphacia obvelata, Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala and Toxocara cati.

Hexopyrronium is an antihistaminic agent. Its gastric antisecretory action was studied in human. Information about the current use of this drug is not available.

Fenmetozole is an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist which was developed for the treatment of schizophrenic and/or depressed patients, however never reached the market. It was also shown that the drug may reduce symptoms of minimal brain dysfunction in children and antagonize the effect of barbiturates and ethanol.