Litoxetine is a selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and mixed serotonin agonist-antagonist, which makes it particularly appropriate for treating continence dysfunctions. Litoxetine at concentrations without antimuscarinic properties (10 nM-1 microM) caused concentration-dependent relaxations in the rat isolated oesophageal muscularis mucosae, which reduced carbachol tone up to 37%. Higher litoxetine concentrations (3 microM-300 microM) were associated with marked relaxation up to the abolition of carbachol tone. The antimuscarinic activity of litoxetine, previously demonstrated in the isolated guinea-pig intestine, played a role in the rat isolated oesophageal muscularis mucosae at concentrations greater than 1 microM. The 5-HT-releasing action of litoxetine could account for the potentation by litoxetine of 5-HT-induced relaxation in tissues from untreated rats, which was reversed by pCPA treatment. Litoxetine is in phase II clinical trial for the treatment of urinary incontinence.

Aldose reductase-IN-1 is an inhibitor of aldose reductase

4SC-202 is an epigenetic oncology compound with a unique therapeutic profile, which was developed by biotechnology company: 4SC. 4SC-202 works as a selective inhibitor of LSD1 (lysine-specific demethylase 1) and HDAC (histone deacetylase) 1, 2 and 3. 4SC-202 also strengthens the endogenous immune response to cancer tissue. This compound demonstrated successfully completed Phase I of the clinical study, where it was proved safe and well tolerated in patients with advanced hematologic cancer. In addition, 4SC-202 shows substantial anti-tumor activity in a broad range of cancer cell lines including hepatocellular carcinoma, Urothelial Carcinoma Cell Lines and colorectal cancer.