Calenduloside G is the derivative of oleanolic acid present in a wide variety of Caltha plants. Calenduloside G shows toxicity in sheep erythrocytes in hemolytic assay.

MG-262, a boronic peptide acid, is a potent proteasome inhibitor that selectively and reversibly inhibits the chymotryptic activity of the proteasome. It consists of a peptide and boronic acid moiety which are functional to proteasome inhibition.

Cauloside C isolated from Caulophyllum robustum Maxim. is a naturally occurring carboxyl-containing triterpene glycoside. Cauloside C is water soluble and thermostable compound. It was also isolated from plants such as Akebia quinata Decne. and Caltha sil6estris Worosch. Cauloside C showed cytotoxic activity against HL-60 cells in micromolar range.

N‑Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) is a nitrosamine compound. It is produced by nitrosation of nicotine during the curing, aging, processing, and smoking of tobacco. About half of the NNN originates in the unburnt tobacco, whereas the remainder is formed during burning. NNN is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals. NNN induces deleterious mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppression genes by forming DNA adducts, which could be considered as tumor initiation. Meanwhile, the binding of NNN to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor promotes tumor growth by enhancing and deregulating cell proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion, thereby creating a microenvironment for tumor growth.

Volemitol was discovered in a rare species of mushroom, Lactarius volemus Fr. Seven years later volemitol was isolated from three species of primrose (Primula grandiflora L., elatior Jaeq., and officinalis Jacq.). Volemitol found in avocado seeds. Volemitol is the major nonstructural carbohydrate in leaves of horticultural hybrid polyanthus (Primula x polyantha) at all stages development, with concentration of up to 25% of the dry weight. Volemitol is biosynthesized from sedoheptulose by a NADPH-dependent sedoheptulose reductase. In the brown alga Pelvetia canaliculata volemitol was synthesized from sedoheptulose 7-phosphate by the action of an NADH-dependent reductase via volemitol 1-phosphate. Volemitol is used as a natural sweetening agent.

Populin is a glucoside occurring in the bark, buds and leaves of certain species of poplar.

CALENDULOSIDE H is the derivative of oleanolic acid present in a wide variety of Caltha plants. CALENDULOSIDE H exhibited marked antiinflammatory activity in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice.

a-Isosparteine was originally isolated from Cytisus scoparius. It was isolated from two other legumes, Lupinus caudatus Kell. and Genista tinctoria L. a-Isosparteine exhibits basically the same action as does (-)-sparteine but possesses a more rapid onset and a shorter duration when compared using rat myocardial tissue. male Sprague-Dawley rats were found to metabolize sparteine and a-isosparteine to lupanine and alpha-isolupanine respectively in vivo. a-Isosparteine elicits intense interest because of its deployment as uniquely effective chiral ligand in a wide variety of metal-mediated enantioselective synthetic methods.

Cimiracemosides D is a triterpene glycoside isolated from rhizome of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) with unknown details.

Maritimein is an aurone, a type of natural phenol. It is a yellow color pigment. Maritimein presents in the flowers of Coreopsis maritima, Coreopsis tinctoria, Baeria chrysostoma, Zinnia linearis. It has antioxidant activity.