U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula C9H11N3O
Molecular Weight 177.2031
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters 1 / 1
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of N-NITROSONORNICOTINE

SMILES

O=NN1CCC[C@H]1C2=CN=CC=C2

InChI

InChIKey=XKABJYQDMJTNGQ-VIFPVBQESA-N
InChI=1S/C9H11N3O/c13-11-12-6-2-4-9(12)8-3-1-5-10-7-8/h1,3,5,7,9H,2,4,6H2/t9-/m0/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description

N‑Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) is a nitrosamine compound. It is produced by nitrosation of nicotine during the curing, aging, processing, and smoking of tobacco. About half of the NNN originates in the unburnt tobacco, whereas the remainder is formed during burning. NNN is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals. NNN induces deleterious mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppression genes by forming DNA adducts, which could be considered as tumor initiation. Meanwhile, the binding of NNN to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor promotes tumor growth by enhancing and deregulating cell proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion, thereby creating a microenvironment for tumor growth.

Approval Year

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
1.0 nM [IC50]

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct

PubMed

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
N‑Nitrosonornicotine has been tested for carcinogenicity by various routes of administration in adult mice, rats, and Syrian hamsters, and in limited experiments in mink and ferrets.
Route of Administration: Other
In Vitro Use Guide
Epithelial monolayers were subsequently subcultured and then treated for 1 hour with 0.25 to 1.0 ng/ml of N-nitrosonornicotine. Even though the controls and most treatment groups terminally differentiated, cells exposed to N-nitrosonornicotine continued to divide, maintained a differentiated phenotype for 8 1/2 to 10 weeks in culture, and displayed focal growth and morphologic changes suggestive of early stages in cell transformation.