Calcium lactate is the salt that consists of two lactate anions for each calcium cation (Ca2+); this salt is used as a calcium supplement to treat hypocalcemia. However, as a source of free calcium, this salt is less convenient than calcium citrate. Calcium lactate inhalation powder also called as PUR118 participated in phase I clinical trials to determine whether this formulation was safe and tolerable in a population of subjects with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). PUR118 also was used in another clinical trials to evaluate its effect on ozone-induced airway Inflammation in healthy normal volunteers in case of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The obtained results revealed that PUR118 reduced the severity of acute exacerbations in COPD and CF and had the beneficial impacts on mortality, morbidity, and quality of life in affected individuals. However, both studies were discontinued.

Information in the literature related to the biological and/or pharmacological application of mecloralurea is absent. It is mentioned, that this compound is toxic if it’s if swallowed and it belongs to anxiolytic compounds.

Pentisomicin (Sch 21420) is semisynthetic aminoglycosides with marked antibacterial activity. Like many new aminoglycosides prepared by chemical modification or mutational biosynthesis, Pentisomicin was designed either to enhance potency of the parent compound and/or resist enzymatic inactivation. The activity of Pentisomicin was comparable to gentamicin, sisomicin, netilmicin, and tobramycin but greater than amikacin or kanamycin against S. aureus and most genera of Enterobacteriaceae.

Vanitiolide is a choleretic agent.

Pipequaline (PK-8165, 2-phenyl-4[2-(4-piperidinyl) ethyl]quinoline) is a benzodiazepine receptor partial agonist.

Furafylline is a methylxanthine derivative that was introduced as a long-acting replacement for theophylline in the treatment of asthma, it was a bronchodilator with extended duration compared to theophylline, but then subsequently reported the adverse side effects the inhibition of the oxidation of caffeine, a reaction catalyzed by CYP1A2. Furafylline is now widely used in biochemical studies as a selective mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome p450 1A2.

There is no information about pharmacological and biological properties of epicainide. It is known, that drug was a potent antiarrhythmic agent.

m-Chlorophenylpiperazine (meta-chlorophenylpiperazine or mCPP) is a psychoactive substance, which is illegal in many countries but can be found on the black market. It induces endocrine, neurological and psychiatric effects. mCPP is a partial agonist at the 5-HT2C receptor but antagonized the 5-HT2B and 5-HT3 receptors. mCPP is also an active metabolite of the drug trazodone, which is used as an effective antidepressant drug with a broad therapeutic spectrum, including anxiolytic efficacy. It is known, that mCPP induces migraine attacks and that the decrease of food intake induced by the mCPP depends on its ability to act as a serotonin agonist is a brain.

Spiramide (AMI-193) is a spiperone derivative, a selective 5-HT2A, (Ki = 2 nM) 5-HT1A (Ki = 50 nM), and D2 receptor (Ki = 3 nM) antagonist, with negligible affinity for the 5-HT2C receptor (Ki = 4300 nM). The ability of Spiramide to serve as a functional 5-HT2A antagonist in behavioral studies was demonstrated through studies in which Spiramide blocked the discriminative - stimulus effects of the 5HT2A agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM).

Pleuromulin (pleuromulitin) is a natural antibiotic isolated from Basidiomycete Pleurotus. Pleuromulitin exhibits activity mainly against gram-positive bacteria including S. aureus, Klebasiella pneumoniae and Bacillus Subtilis. Pleuromulin is an organic compound which is not reported to be used in as a drug however its derivatives have been used in treatment of infections. The first pleuromulitin that was approved in 1979 for use in veterinary medicine was semi-synthetic derivative tiamulin. Semisynthetic pleuromutilin retapamulin (ALTABAX, GlaxoSmithKline) was the first approved for topical use in humans in 2007. Another derivative of pleuromulin, Lefamulin has been successfully tested in phase 1 clinical trial for systemic use in patients (Nabriva Therapeutics AG).