Ilomastat (also known as galardin or GM 6001) is a broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. It is a member of the hydroxamic acid class of reversible metallopeptidase inhibitors. The hydroxamic acid binds the catalytic zinc(2+) ion in a bidentate manner, blocking substrate access to the active site and rendering the metal incapable of peptide hydrolysis. Preclinical studies have shown that ilomastat can inhibit conjunctival scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery in rabbits, in lens capsules following simulated cataract surgery, and in models of vitreoretinal contraction.

There is no much information about the biological and pharmacological application of ethyl menthane carboxamide. It is known that this compound is used as a physiological coolant in foods, beverages, chewing gum, topical pharmaceutical formulations and oral hygiene products.

OCTOXYNOL-1 is a nonionic surfactant that has a hydrophilic ethylene oxide chain and an aromatic hydrocarbon lipophilic or hydrophobic 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl group. OCTOXYNOL-1 is insoluble in water and soluble in common polar organic solvents. OCTOXYNOL-1 are being used in cosmetic products. Concentration of use data received from the cosmetics industry in 1999 and updated in 2001 indicate that the Octoxynols (their salts and organic acids included) are used in cosmetics at concentrations ranging from 0.0008% to 25%, and that most of the use concentrations are less than 5.0%. OCTOXYNOL-1 is a common environmental pollutant that displays weak estrogenic effects. OCTOXYNOL-1 has been shown to cause harm to the male reproductive system of vertebrates in particular among aquatic species where gonadal intersex, altered sex ratios, and reduced gonad size has been observed.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP or 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a molecule that is important in many biological processes; it is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by adenylate cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane and anchored at various locations in the interior of the cell. Around 1960 Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. showed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) serves as the secondary messenger within the cell. Cyclic AMP works by activating protein kinase A (PKA, or cAMP-dependent protein kinase). PKA is normally inactive as a tetrameric holoenzyme, consisting of two catalytic and two regulatory units with the regulatory units blocking the catalytic centers of the catalytic units. Cyclic AMP binds to specific locations on the regulatory units of the protein kinase, and causes dissociation between the regulatory and catalytic subunits, thus enabling those catalytic units to phosphorylate substrate proteins. It was discovered, that melanocytes require the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathways to maintain the fine balance between proliferation and differentiation. cAMP suppressed CRAF activity in melanocytes and that was essential to suppress the oncogenic potential of CRAF in the cells. When RAS was mutated in melanoma, the cells switched their signaling from BRAF to CRAF. That switch was accompanied by dysregulated cAMP signaling, a step that was necessary to allow CRAF to signal to MEK. Thus, a fundamental switch in RAF isoform usage occurs when RAS was mutated in melanoma, and that occurs in the context of disrupted cAMP signaling. These data have important implications for the development of therapeutic strategies to treat this life-threatening disease.

Azadirachtin, a complex tetranortriterpenoid limonoid from the neem seeds, is one of the most effective botanical insecticides and has been widely used in pest control, having very low mammalian toxicity. Recent toxicological reports showed that azadirachtin could induce apoptosis in various insect cell lines by dysregulating InR- and PI3K/AKT/TOR pathways, then stimulated apoptosis by activating tAtg5.

Carcinine (beta-alanylhistamine) is a natural imidazole-containing peptide found in the non-protein fraction of mammalian tissues and possesses antioxidant and hydroxyl radical scavenging properties. Carcinine is also a selective histamine H3 antagonist.

Lauryl glucoside is a non-ionic biodegradable surfactant made from plants; it is a member of the alkyl glucoside group and is used in cleaning agents and emulsions in cosmetics. Lauryl glucoside can lead to the allergic reactions.

GONGJINHYANG SEOL WHITENING INTENSIVE is a diacetyl benzoyl lathyrol cream, which was designed to provide natural and localized cover for skin blemishes. Adhering tightly to the skin, the product thoroughly covers up and improves blemishes with a smooth and moisturized finish.

N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine also known as riboprine is an isopentenyl derivative of adenosine and is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators. It’s naturally present in certain transfer RNAs adjacent to the adenosine of ANN anti-dopes. Riboprine produced endogenously by plants and demonstrates the ability to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

AMMONIUM O-PHENYLPHENOLATE (also known as Ortho-phenylphenol, ammonium salt) is a toxic agent, which is used as a pesticide.