Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Aspirin is unique in this class of drugs because it irreversibly inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 activity by acetylating a serine residue (Ser529 and Ser516, respectively) positioned in the arachidonic acid-binding channel, thus inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins and reducing the inflammatory response. The drug is used either alone or in combination with other compounds for the treatment of pain, headache, as well as for reducing the risk of stroke and heart attacks in patients with brain ischemia and cardiovascular diseases.

Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Aspirin is unique in this class of drugs because it irreversibly inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 activity by acetylating a serine residue (Ser529 and Ser516, respectively) positioned in the arachidonic acid-binding channel, thus inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins and reducing the inflammatory response. The drug is used either alone or in combination with other compounds for the treatment of pain, headache, as well as for reducing the risk of stroke and heart attacks in patients with brain ischemia and cardiovascular diseases.

Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Aspirin is unique in this class of drugs because it irreversibly inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 activity by acetylating a serine residue (Ser529 and Ser516, respectively) positioned in the arachidonic acid-binding channel, thus inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins and reducing the inflammatory response. The drug is used either alone or in combination with other compounds for the treatment of pain, headache, as well as for reducing the risk of stroke and heart attacks in patients with brain ischemia and cardiovascular diseases.

Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Aspirin is unique in this class of drugs because it irreversibly inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 activity by acetylating a serine residue (Ser529 and Ser516, respectively) positioned in the arachidonic acid-binding channel, thus inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins and reducing the inflammatory response. The drug is used either alone or in combination with other compounds for the treatment of pain, headache, as well as for reducing the risk of stroke and heart attacks in patients with brain ischemia and cardiovascular diseases.

Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Aspirin is unique in this class of drugs because it irreversibly inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 activity by acetylating a serine residue (Ser529 and Ser516, respectively) positioned in the arachidonic acid-binding channel, thus inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins and reducing the inflammatory response. The drug is used either alone or in combination with other compounds for the treatment of pain, headache, as well as for reducing the risk of stroke and heart attacks in patients with brain ischemia and cardiovascular diseases.

Desomorphine is the common name for 4,5--epoxy-17- methylmorphinan-3-ol or dihydrodesoxymorphine-D. It is an opioid analogue and morphine derivative in which the 6-hydroxyl group and the double bond at carbons 7 and 8 of morphine are reduced. Desomorphine can cross the blood–brain barrier, binding to opioid receptors, similar to the pharmacokinetic distribution of all phenanthrene-structured alkaloids. Taking Desomorphine causes euphoria as well as sedative and analgesic relief. In addition to its faster onset than other powerful painkillers drugs such as morphine, desomorphine also initiates less sedative effects and seems to have favorable postoperative results, such as reduced need for catheterization, less dizziness, and decreased vomiting incidence. In comparison with Morphine, Desomorphine is faster reduced. It follows that it has to be taken it more frequently to get the same effects. Furthermore, it causes side effects such as respiratory and gastrointestinal problems and increased blood pressure. In addition, Desomorphine’s withdrawal symptoms are up to three times longer than Morphine’s. This leads to the conclusion that Desomorphine is more addictive. At present, desomorphine is classified as a narcotic drug (DEA code number 9055) in Schedule I of the U.S. Controlled Substances Act and is listed as a controlled substance under the international Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961.

Parafluorofentanyl is a selective mu-opioid agonist, an analog of fentanyl, developed by Janssen. The drug was not developed for human use but is produced and abused illegally.

Racemethorphan is racemic mixture of Dextromethorphan and Levomethorphan. Racemethorphan is listed under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961 and is therefore listed in the United States as a Controlled Substance, specifically as a Narcotic in Schedule II. Dextromethorphan is a non-narcotic morphine derivative widely used as an antitussive. Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant in many over-the-counter cold and cough medicines. In 2010, the FDA approved the combination product dextromethorphan/quinidine for the treatment of pseudobulbar affect. Dextromethorphan suppresses the cough reflex by a direct action on the cough center in the medulla of the brain. Levomethorphan is an opioid analgesic of the morphinan family that has never been marketed.

Racemethorphan is racemic mixture of Dextromethorphan and Levomethorphan. Racemethorphan is listed under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961 and is therefore listed in the United States as a Controlled Substance, specifically as a Narcotic in Schedule II. Dextromethorphan is a non-narcotic morphine derivative widely used as an antitussive. Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant in many over-the-counter cold and cough medicines. In 2010, the FDA approved the combination product dextromethorphan/quinidine for the treatment of pseudobulbar affect. Dextromethorphan suppresses the cough reflex by a direct action on the cough center in the medulla of the brain. Levomethorphan is an opioid analgesic of the morphinan family that has never been marketed.

Desomorphine is the common name for 4,5--epoxy-17- methylmorphinan-3-ol or dihydrodesoxymorphine-D. It is an opioid analogue and morphine derivative in which the 6-hydroxyl group and the double bond at carbons 7 and 8 of morphine are reduced. Desomorphine can cross the blood–brain barrier, binding to opioid receptors, similar to the pharmacokinetic distribution of all phenanthrene-structured alkaloids. Taking Desomorphine causes euphoria as well as sedative and analgesic relief. In addition to its faster onset than other powerful painkillers drugs such as morphine, desomorphine also initiates less sedative effects and seems to have favorable postoperative results, such as reduced need for catheterization, less dizziness, and decreased vomiting incidence. In comparison with Morphine, Desomorphine is faster reduced. It follows that it has to be taken it more frequently to get the same effects. Furthermore, it causes side effects such as respiratory and gastrointestinal problems and increased blood pressure. In addition, Desomorphine’s withdrawal symptoms are up to three times longer than Morphine’s. This leads to the conclusion that Desomorphine is more addictive. At present, desomorphine is classified as a narcotic drug (DEA code number 9055) in Schedule I of the U.S. Controlled Substances Act and is listed as a controlled substance under the international Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961.