Lactitol is a sugar alcohol. This ingredient has been determined to be GRAS for specified uses as a direct food additive and foods containing lactitol are eligible for a health claim related to dental caries. Lactitol is used as an oral powder or solution in the management of hepatic encephalopathy and in case of short-term treatment of occasional constipation. Intestinal flora of large intestine is metabolize lactitol to low-molecular organic acid, which leads to an increase in osmotic pressure in intestine, increase in volume of fecal masses bowel function normalization. This drug might cause abdominal discomfort, especially flatulence and abdominal pain rarely or sometimes abdominal distension. These effects tend to diminish or disappear after a few days of regular intake of the drug. Since 'antacids and neomycin can neutralize ' acidifying effect of lactitol on stool, they should not be co-administered with lactitol in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy; however both substances do not alter the 'laxative effect in patients with constipation.

Guanosine is an endogenous guanine nucleoside. Guanosine was shown to be protective in several in vitro and/or in vivo experimental models of central nervous system (CNS) diseases including ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, nociception, and depression. The mechanisms underlying the neurobiological properties of guanosine seem to involve the activation of several intracellular signaling pathways and a close interaction with the adenosinergic system, with a consequent stimulation of neuroprotective and regenerative processes in the CNS. Several guanosine analogues, i.e. acyclovir (and its oral prodrug valaciclovir), penciclovir (in its oral prodrug form, famciclovir) and ganciclovir, are widely used for the treatment of herpesvirus (i.e. HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV and HCMV) infections.

Lactitol is a sugar alcohol. This ingredient has been determined to be GRAS for specified uses as a direct food additive and foods containing lactitol are eligible for a health claim related to dental caries. Lactitol is used as an oral powder or solution in the management of hepatic encephalopathy and in case of short-term treatment of occasional constipation. Intestinal flora of large intestine is metabolize lactitol to low-molecular organic acid, which leads to an increase in osmotic pressure in intestine, increase in volume of fecal masses bowel function normalization. This drug might cause abdominal discomfort, especially flatulence and abdominal pain rarely or sometimes abdominal distension. These effects tend to diminish or disappear after a few days of regular intake of the drug. Since 'antacids and neomycin can neutralize ' acidifying effect of lactitol on stool, they should not be co-administered with lactitol in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy; however both substances do not alter the 'laxative effect in patients with constipation.

Lactitol is a sugar alcohol. This ingredient has been determined to be GRAS for specified uses as a direct food additive and foods containing lactitol are eligible for a health claim related to dental caries. Lactitol is used as an oral powder or solution in the management of hepatic encephalopathy and in case of short-term treatment of occasional constipation. Intestinal flora of large intestine is metabolize lactitol to low-molecular organic acid, which leads to an increase in osmotic pressure in intestine, increase in volume of fecal masses bowel function normalization. This drug might cause abdominal discomfort, especially flatulence and abdominal pain rarely or sometimes abdominal distension. These effects tend to diminish or disappear after a few days of regular intake of the drug. Since 'antacids and neomycin can neutralize ' acidifying effect of lactitol on stool, they should not be co-administered with lactitol in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy; however both substances do not alter the 'laxative effect in patients with constipation.

Guanosine is an endogenous guanine nucleoside. Guanosine was shown to be protective in several in vitro and/or in vivo experimental models of central nervous system (CNS) diseases including ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, nociception, and depression. The mechanisms underlying the neurobiological properties of guanosine seem to involve the activation of several intracellular signaling pathways and a close interaction with the adenosinergic system, with a consequent stimulation of neuroprotective and regenerative processes in the CNS. Several guanosine analogues, i.e. acyclovir (and its oral prodrug valaciclovir), penciclovir (in its oral prodrug form, famciclovir) and ganciclovir, are widely used for the treatment of herpesvirus (i.e. HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV and HCMV) infections.