Varespladib (LY315920; A-001) is a potent and selective inhibitor of IIa, V, and X isoforms of human non-pancreatic secretory phospholipase A2 with nM IC50. The molecule acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by disrupting the first step of the arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation. Varespladib methyl is being developed by Anthera Pharmaceuticals Inc for the potential treatment of coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome and inflammation. Varespladib methyl is a prodrug that is rapidly metabolized to varespladib, and both compounds are able to potently inhibit the enzymes of the human secretory phospholipase groups. Phase II clinical trials of varespladib methyl in patients with coronary artery disease, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and ulcerative colitis revealed that the drug was well tolerated. Varespladib methyl did not demonstrate a good efficacy profile in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and ulcerative colitis; whereas in patients with coronary artery disease, varespladib methyl consistently reduced LDL-cholesterol levels, (elevated LDL-cholesterol levels are a marker of increased cardiovascular risk). Varespladib methyl could represent a novel therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, although the efficacy, safety profile and advantages of this drug compared with existing therapeutic options would need to be established in upcoming phase III trials.

Varespladib (LY315920; A-001) is a potent and selective inhibitor of IIa, V, and X isoforms of human non-pancreatic secretory phospholipase A2 with nM IC50. The molecule acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by disrupting the first step of the arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation. Varespladib methyl is being developed by Anthera Pharmaceuticals Inc for the potential treatment of coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome and inflammation. Varespladib methyl is a prodrug that is rapidly metabolized to varespladib, and both compounds are able to potently inhibit the enzymes of the human secretory phospholipase groups. Phase II clinical trials of varespladib methyl in patients with coronary artery disease, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and ulcerative colitis revealed that the drug was well tolerated. Varespladib methyl did not demonstrate a good efficacy profile in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and ulcerative colitis; whereas in patients with coronary artery disease, varespladib methyl consistently reduced LDL-cholesterol levels, (elevated LDL-cholesterol levels are a marker of increased cardiovascular risk). Varespladib methyl could represent a novel therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, although the efficacy, safety profile and advantages of this drug compared with existing therapeutic options would need to be established in upcoming phase III trials.

Arbutamine was indicated to elicit acute cardiovascular responses in order to aid in diagnosing the presence or absence of coronary artery disease in patients who cannot exercise adequately. Arbutamine is a synthetic catecholamine with positive chronotropic and inotropic properties. The chronotropic (increase in heart rate [HR]) and inotropic (increase in force of contraction) effects of arbutamine serve to mimic exercise by increasing cardiac work (producing stress) and provoke myocardial ischemia in patients with compromised coronary arteries. In functional assays, arbutamine is more selective for beta-adrenergic receptors than for alpha-adrenergic receptors. The beta-agonist activity of arbutamine provides cardiac stress by increasing HR, cardiac contractility, and systolic blood pressure.

Ioxaglate Sodium Meglumine (trade name Hexabrix) is a new low osmolality ionic contrast agent, that used as a diagnostic radiopaque medium. Following intravascular injection, Ioxaglate Sodium Meglumine is rapidly transported through the circulatory system to the kidneys and is excreted unchanged in the urine. The joint spaces as well as the uterus and fallopian tubes may be visualized by the direct injection of the contrast medium into the region to be studied. The usual adult dose for left coronary arteriography is 8 mL (range 2-14 mL) and for right coronary arteriography is 5 mL (range 1-10 mL). The doses may be repeated as necessary Patients may have clinically insignificant ECG changes during the procedure. The following adverse effects have occurred in conjunction with the administration of iodinated intravascular contrast agents for this procedure: hypotension, shock, anginal pain, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias (bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation) and cardiac arrest.

Ioxaglate Sodium Meglumine (trade name Hexabrix) is a new low osmolality ionic contrast agent, that used as a diagnostic radiopaque medium. Following intravascular injection, Ioxaglate Sodium Meglumine is rapidly transported through the circulatory system to the kidneys and is excreted unchanged in the urine. The joint spaces as well as the uterus and fallopian tubes may be visualized by the direct injection of the contrast medium into the region to be studied. The usual adult dose for left coronary arteriography is 8 mL (range 2-14 mL) and for right coronary arteriography is 5 mL (range 1-10 mL). The doses may be repeated as necessary Patients may have clinically insignificant ECG changes during the procedure. The following adverse effects have occurred in conjunction with the administration of iodinated intravascular contrast agents for this procedure: hypotension, shock, anginal pain, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias (bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation) and cardiac arrest.

Ioxaglate Sodium Meglumine (trade name Hexabrix) is a new low osmolality ionic contrast agent, that used as a diagnostic radiopaque medium. Following intravascular injection, Ioxaglate Sodium Meglumine is rapidly transported through the circulatory system to the kidneys and is excreted unchanged in the urine. The joint spaces as well as the uterus and fallopian tubes may be visualized by the direct injection of the contrast medium into the region to be studied. The usual adult dose for left coronary arteriography is 8 mL (range 2-14 mL) and for right coronary arteriography is 5 mL (range 1-10 mL). The doses may be repeated as necessary Patients may have clinically insignificant ECG changes during the procedure. The following adverse effects have occurred in conjunction with the administration of iodinated intravascular contrast agents for this procedure: hypotension, shock, anginal pain, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias (bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation) and cardiac arrest.

Chromonar is a coronary vasodilator agent, it dilates coronary vessels and increases coronary blood flow volume rate, contributes to the development of collateral circulation (with prolonged use), improves metabolic processes in myocardium. The mechanism of action of a role played by its inhibitory effect on phosphodiesterase, accompanied by accumulation in the cells of cyclic 3 ', 5'-adenosine monophosphate. Due to the relatively low therapeutic efficacy Chromonar use is limited, mainly in the early stages of coronary heart disease with angina pectoris in the absence of long-standing and long strokes, when there is no expressed stenotic process.