Pholcodine is an opioid that has been widely used worldwide since 1950 for the treatment of non-productive cough in children and adults. Illicit drug. Additionally Pholcodine is a marker for sensitization to neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) and is intended for use as a diagnostic tool in NMBA-induced anaphylaxis.

Mequitazine (PRIMALAN®) is a phenothiazine derivative and a histamine H1-receptor antagonist. It competes with histamine for the normal H1-receptor sites on effector cells of the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels and respiratory tract. It provides effective, temporary relief of sneezing, watery and itchy eyes, and runny nose due to hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies.

Phenothiazine, the parent compound of a multitude of present-day drugs, has been employed on an extensive scale for its insecticidal, fungicidal, antibacterial and anthelmintic properties. Phenothiazine was formerly used as an insecticide and as a drug to treat infections with parasitic worms (antihelminthic) in livestock and people. It was introduced as antihelminthic in livestock in 1940 and is considered, with thiabendazole, to be the first modern antihelminthic. Almost a catholicon, its widespread use in animals and man has led to the uncovering of many adverse reactions encompassing effects on blood elements, neuromuscular problems and photosensitization. Its potential side effects have now limited its use. The chemical structure of phenothiazine provides a most valuable molecular template for the development of agents able to interact with a wide variety of biological processes. Synthetic phenothiazines (with aliphatic, methylpiperazine, piperazine-ethanol, piperazine-ethyl, or piperidine side-chain) and/or phenothiazine-derived agents e.g., thioxanthenes, benzepines, imonostilbenes, tricyclic antidepressants, dimetothiazine, and cyproheptadine have been effective in the treatment of a number of medical conditions with widely different etiology. These include various currently clinically used drugs for their significant antihistamic, antipsychotic, anticholinergic (antiparkinson), antipruritic, and/or antiemetic properties.

Boldenone (INN, BAN), also known as Δ1-testosterone, 1-dihydrotestosterone, or androsta-1,4-dien-3-one-17β-ol (train name Equipoise) is a long-acting injectable anabolic agent for horses, supplied in a vial providing 50 mg boldenone undecylenate per mL in sesame oil with 3% (w/v) benzyl alcohol as a preservative. The activity of boldenone is mainly anabolic, with a low androgenic potency. Boldenone will increase nitrogen retention, protein synthesis increases appetite and stimulates the release of erythropoietin in the kidneys. Boldenone was synthesized in an attempt to create a long-acting injectable methandrostenolone (Dianabol), for androgen deficiency disorders. Boldenone acts similar to methandrostenolone with fewer adverse androgenic effects. Although commonly compared to nandrolone, boldenone lacks progesterone receptor interaction and all the associated progestogenic side effects. Equipoise (Boldenone Undecylenate Injection) is recommended as an aid for treating debilitated horses when an improvement in weight, haircoat or general physical condition is desired. Debilitation often follows disease or may occur following overwork and overexertion. Boldenone improves the general state of debilitated horses, thus aiding in correcting weight losses and improving appetite. It is not a substitute for a well-balanced diet. Optimal results can be expected only when good management and feeding practices are utilized. Boldenone should be considered only as adjunctive therapy to other specific and supportive therapy for diseases, surgical cases, and traumatic injuries.

Manganese gluconate is a manganese salt of gluconic acid. Manganese gluconate is sometimes used as a food additive for its texture and light pink coloring. As a food additive, manganese gluconate increases satiety, and the texture of processed foods related to mouth feel. However, in recent years, manganese gluconate has been used less and less as a food additive due to its high toxicity. Many food manufacturers have abandoned using manganese gluconate in favor of other chemical compounds that provide similar effects with a lower toxicity. According to the Food and Drug Administration, manganese gluconate is generally recognized as safe, or GRAS. However, high amounts of manganese gluconate intake, upwards of 15 mg per day, may cause potentially serious health risks. Manganese gluconate toxicity may cause a chemical imbalance in the brain, increasing your risk of developing anxiety, depression, nervousness, psychosis, and mania. Manganese gluconate is used for prevention of deficiency and osteoporosis (off-label).

In the US, Ethaverine is a member of the drug class peripheral vasodilators. It’s an alkaloid prepared synthetically from opium with no narcotic properties. Directly relaxes all smooth muscles, especially when they have been spasmodically contracted. Action is especially pronounced when spasm is present on coronary, cerebral, pulmonary, and peripheral arteries. Acts directly on myocardium like quinidine; depresses conduction and irritability, and prolongs refractory period. Primarily for peripheral and cerebral vascular insufficiency associated with arterial spasm; also a smooth muscle spasmolytic in spastic conditions of the GI and GU tracts. Adverse Effects ( 1%) CNS: Vertigo, headache, drowsiness. CV: Hypotension, arrhythmias. GI: Nausea, anorexia, abdominal distress, dry throat. Other: Malaise, flushing, sweating, lassitude, respiratory depression. Ethaverine may decrease levodopa effectiveness; morphine may antagonize smooth muscle relaxation effect of ethaverine.

The Rauwolfia alkaloid, raubasine (ajmalicine), has been found to have broad application in the treatment of circulatory diseases, especially in the relief of obstruction of normal cerebral blood flow. In combination with other Rauwolfia alkaloids it has been used to lower high blood pressure. Raubasine is an antihypertensive drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. It has been marketed under numerous brand names including Card-Lamuran, Circolene, Cristanyl, Duxil, Duxor, Hydroxysarpon, Iskedyl, Isosarpan, Isquebral, Lamuran, Melanex, Saltucin Co, Salvalion, and Sarpan. Raubasine acts as a α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist.

Brotizolam (marketed under brand name Lendormin) is a sedative-hypnotic thienotriazolodiazepine drug which is a benzodiazepine analog. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties, and is considered to be similar in effect to short-acting benzodiazepines such as triazolam. It is used in the short-term treatment of severe or debilitating insomnia and in a dose of 0.25 mg can be used as a premedication prior to surgery, this dose was found to be comparable in efficacy to 2 mg flunitrazepam as a premedicant prior to surgery. The drug was developed by a team led by T Nishiyama while working for Takeda Chemical Industries in 1976 in Japan. Brotizolam is not approved for sale in the UK, United States or Canada. It is approved for sale in the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Luxembourg, Austria, Portugal, Israel, Italy, Taiwan and Japan. Insomnia. Brotizolam is prescribed for the short-term treatment, 2–4 weeks only of severe or debilitating insomnia. Insomnia can be described as a difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakening, early awakenings or a combination of each. Brotizolam inhibits the hypothalamus and cerebral limbic system controlling emotion through GABA, a typical inhibitory transmitter of central nervous system. As a result, unnecessary stimulation from the autonomic nervous system and other sites is blocked, demonstrating central nervous action including hypnosis, sedation and anti-anxiety

Nilvadipine (NIVADIL®) is a L-type calcium channel blocker for treatment of hypertension. It inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium through myocardial and vascular membrane pores by physically plugging the channel. The decrease in intracellular calcium inhibits the contractile processes of smooth muscle cells, causing dilation of the coronary and systemic arteries, increased oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue, decreased total peripheral resistance, decreased systemic blood pressure, and decreased afterload.

Potassium Orotate is a non-steroidal anabolic preparation with regenerating, diuretic effect. Potassium Orotate improves appetite, cardiac glycosides tolerance, stimulates regenerative and reparative processes of metabolism. Orotic acid is one of precursors the pyrimidine nucleotides which are a part of nucleic acids which participate in synthesis of protein molecules. In this regard potassium orotate is applied as substance of anabolic action at disturbances of protein metabolism, first of all at disturbance of albumin function of a liver, at the dystrophic changes in a myocardium which developed as owing to pathological process (a myocarditis, myocardial infarction), and as a result of a physical overstrain in sport as the general stimulators of metabolic processes.