Citicoline (CDP-choline; cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine) is a novel nutrient with a broad spectrum of benefits for conditions associated with symptoms of neurological dysfunction shows promise of clinical efficacy in elderly patients with cognitive deficits, inefficient memory, and early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Citicoline has also been investigated as a therapy in stroke patient. Despite it was approved in some countries for treatment Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), the use of this drug for acute TBI seems to have no field of support anymore, whereas it may have some benefits in improving the neuro-cognitive state in chronic TBI patients. It's also recommended to keep in mind acute interventions like Psychological First Aid (PFA) during acute TBI management. Citicoline plays several important roles in human physiology, including enhancement of structural integrity and signaling for cell membranes, support of acetylcholine synthesis, and synthesis of betaine, a methyl donor. The precise mechanism of action of Citicoline to treat disease is unknown, but was confirmed, that drug might increase phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) synthesis and might reverse PtdCho loss. In addition, was shown, that citicoline modulates phospholipids metabolism and neurotransmitter levels and appears to improve cognition in some central nervous system disorders such as bipolar disorder and cocaine dependence. Bipolar disorder is associated with the highest rates of substance abuse of any psychiatric disorder. Cocaine use is particularly common in patients with bipolar disorder.

Flotufolastat F 18 (POSLUMA®) is an 18F-labelled radiohybrid (rh) prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted imaging agent being developed by Blue Earth Diagnostics, a subsidiary of Bracco Imaging, for prostate cancer imaging. In May 2023, flotufolastat F 18 received its first approval in the USA as a radioactive diagnostic agent for positron emission tomography (PET) of PSMA positive lesions in men with prostate cancer with suspected metastasis who are candidates for initial definitive therapy or with suspected recurrence based on elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. Flotufolastat F 18 binds to PSMA (IC50 = 4.4 nM) expressed on cells, including prostate cancer cells, and is internalized. Prostate cancer cells usually overexpress PSMA. Fluorine-18 is a beta emitting radionuclide that can be detected using positron emission tomography.