| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Molecular Formula | C14H25N4O11P2.H |
| Molecular Weight | 488.324 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
| Defined Stereocenters | 4 / 5 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[H+].C[N+](C)(C)CCOP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)N2C=CC(N)=NC2=O
InChI
InChIKey=RZZPDXZPRHQOCG-OJAKKHQRSA-N
InChI=1S/C14H26N4O11P2/c1-18(2,3)6-7-26-30(22,23)29-31(24,25)27-8-9-11(19)12(20)13(28-9)17-5-4-10(15)16-14(17)21/h4-5,9,11-13,19-20H,6-8H2,1-3H3,(H3-,15,16,21,22,23,24,25)/t9-,11-,12-,13-/m1/s1
| Molecular Formula | C14H26N4O11P2 |
| Molecular Weight | 488.324 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
MOL RATIO
1 MOL RATIO (average) |
| Stereochemistry | EPIMERIC |
| Additional Stereochemistry | |
| Defined Stereocenters | 4 / 5 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Citicoline (CDP-choline; cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine) is a novel nutrient with a broad spectrum of benefits for conditions associated with symptoms of neurological dysfunction shows promise of clinical efficacy in elderly patients with cognitive deficits, inefficient memory, and early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Citicoline has also been investigated as a therapy in stroke patient. Despite it was approved in some countries for treatment Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), the use of this drug for acute TBI seems to have no field of support anymore, whereas it may have some benefits in improving the neuro-cognitive state in chronic TBI patients. It's also recommended to keep in mind acute interventions like Psychological First Aid (PFA) during acute TBI management. Citicoline plays several important roles in human physiology, including enhancement of structural integrity and signaling for cell membranes, support of acetylcholine synthesis, and synthesis of betaine, a methyl donor. The precise mechanism of action of Citicoline to treat disease is unknown, but was confirmed, that drug might increase phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) synthesis and might reverse PtdCho loss. In addition, was shown, that citicoline modulates phospholipids metabolism and neurotransmitter levels and appears to improve cognition in some central nervous system disorders such as bipolar disorder and cocaine dependence. Bipolar disorder is associated with the highest rates of substance abuse of any psychiatric disorder. Cocaine use is particularly common in patients with bipolar disorder.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Doses
Overview
| CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
|---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
| Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
PubMed
Patents
Sample Use Guides
1000 mg twice a day orally or enterally. The first dose is within 24 hours of injury and treatment continues for 90-days or until the 90-day outcome assessment.
Route of Administration:
Oral
Citicoline induces angiogenesis improving survival of vascular/human brain microvessel endothelial cells (EC) through pathways involving ERK1/2 and insulin receptor substrate-1. hCMEC/D3 cells were seeded at a concentration of 8 × 104 cells/ml in 500 μl of complete basal medium in each well of 24-well plate. After 4 h, the medium was changed to serum-poor medium (SPM) containing 1% FBS containing different concentrations of citicoline (1 μM, 10 μM and 100 μM; NOTE; pilot experiments were carried out using 1-100 μM citicoline and optimized for the use of 10 μM subsequently as this produced the most prominent responses). It was discovered that insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) represented a potent modulator of pro-angiogenic signalling cascades in vascular EC, thus was shown that citicoline induces phosphorylation of IRS-1 and concomitant EC activation and increased vascularisation, that could be a key novel mechanism of action of citicoline.
