DEXTROAMPHETAMINE ADIPATE

First marketed in 1937

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C9H13N.C6H10O4
Molecular Weight	281.3474
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	1 / 1
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

C[C@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O

InChI

InChIKey=OFCJKOOVFDGTLY-QRPNPIFTSA-N

InChI=1S/C9H13N.C6H10O4/c1-8(10)7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9;7-5(8)3-1-2-4-6(9)10/h2-6,8H,7,10H2,1H3;1-4H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t8-;/m0./s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C9H13N
Molecular Weight	135.2062
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	1 / 1
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED

Molecular Formula	C6H10O4
Molecular Weight	146.1412
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/017078s048lbl.pdfhttps://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208510lbl.pdf
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/021977lbl.pdf | https://www.drugs.com/ppa/lisdexamfetamine.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27125257

Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) is a d-amphetamine (d-AMPH) pro-drug used to treat Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED). After oral administration, lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and converted to dextroamphetamine, which is responsible for the drug’s activity. Amphetamines are thought to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and increase the release of these monoamines into the extraneuronal space. Most common adverse reactions in children, adolescents and/or adults with ADHD were anorexia, anxiety, decreased appetite, decreased weight, diarrhea, dizziness, dry mouth, irritability, insomnia, nausea, upper abdominal pain, and vomiting. Agents that alter urinary pH can alter blood levels of amphetamine. Acidifying agents decrease amphetamine blood levels, while alkalinizing agents increase amphetamine blood levels. Needs to adjust Lisdexamfetamine dosage accordingly.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
catecholamine secretion 14 Target ID: GO:0050432 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/021977lbl.pdf \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28376679	Modulator 846
Norepinephrine transporter 197 Target ID: CHEMBL222 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17239355	Modulator 846
Synaptic vesicular amine transporter 57 Target ID: CHEMBL1893 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7751968	Inhibitor 8504
Dopamine transporter 183 Target ID: CHEMBL238 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19244097	Modulator 846

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 70 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208510lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8583	VYVANSE Approved Use VYVANSE® is indicated for the treatment of: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) [see Clinical Studies (14.1) Launch Date 2007
Moderate to severe binge eating disorder 12 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208510lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8583	VYVANSE Approved Use VYVANSE® is indicated for the treatment of: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) [see Clinical Studies (14.1) Launch Date 2007
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 70 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/017078s048lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8583	DEXEDRINE Approved Use Narcolepsy. Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity. As an integral part of a total treatment program that typically includes other measures (psychological, educational, social) for patients (ages 6 years to 16 years) with this syndrome. A diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; DSM-IV) implies the presence of the hyperactive-impulsive or inattentive symptoms that caused impairment and were present before age 7 years. The symptoms must cause clinically significant impairment, e.g., in social, academic, or occupational functioning, and be present in 2 or more settings, e.g., school (or work) and at home. The symptoms must not be better accounted for by another mental disorder. For the Inattentive Type, at least 6 of the following symptoms must have persisted for at least 6 months: lack of attention to details/careless mistakes; lack of sustained attention; poor listener; failure to follow through on tasks; poor organization; avoids tasks requiring sustained mental effort; loses things; easily distracted; forgetful. For the Hyperactive-Impulsive Type, at least 6 of the following symptoms must have persisted for at least 6 months: fidgeting/squirming; leaving seat; inappropriate running/climbing; difficulty with quiet activities; “on the go”; excessive talking; blurting answers; can't wait turn; intrusive. The Combined Type requires both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive criteria to be met. Launch Date 1980

C_max

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
47.9 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18021493/	70 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 70 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	LISDEXAMFETAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
24.7 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9807980/	10 mg single, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	DEXTROAMPHETAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
36.6 ng/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/040361Orig1s017lbl.pdf	15 mg single, oral dose: 15 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	DEXTROAMPHETAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
60.7 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18021493/	70 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 70 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		LISDEXAMFETAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
431 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9807980/	10 mg single, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		DEXTROAMPHETAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
12 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18021493/	70 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 70 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	LISDEXAMFETAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
12.1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9807980/	10 mg single, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	DEXTROAMPHETAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
12 h DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/040361Orig1s017lbl.pdf	15 mg single, oral dose: 15 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	DEXTROAMPHETAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
70 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 70 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 70 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208510lbl.pdf	unhealthy, 13 - 17 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 13 - 17 Sex: M+F Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208510lbl.pdf	Disc. AE: Irritability, Decreased appetite... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Irritability (1.3%) Decreased appetite (0.86%) Insomnia (0.86%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208510lbl.pdf
1200 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 1200 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 1200 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30730334	healthy, 17 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 17 Sex: F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30730334	Disc. AE: Delirium, Tachycardia... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Delirium (acute) Tachycardia Hypertension Tachypnea Creatine kinase increased (mild) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30730334
70 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 70 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 70 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208510lbl.pdf	unhealthy, 18 - 55 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 18 - 55 Sex: M+F Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208510lbl.pdf	Disc. AE: Insomnia, Tachycardia... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Insomnia (2%) Tachycardia (1%) Irritability (1%) Hypertension (1%) Headache (1%) Anxiety (1%) Dyspnea (1%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208510lbl.pdf
70 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 70 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 70 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208510lbl.pdf	unhealthy, 6 - 12 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 6 - 12 Sex: M+F Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208510lbl.pdf	Disc. AE: Ventricular hypertrophy, Tic... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Ventricular hypertrophy (1%) Tic (1%) Vomiting (1%) Psychomotor hyperactivity (1%) Insomnia (1%) Rash (1%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208510lbl.pdf
30 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 30 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 30 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00735371	unhealthy, adolescents Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adolescents Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00735371	Other AEs: Decreased appetite, Insomnia... Other AEs: Decreased appetite (below serious, 29 patients) Insomnia (below serious, 7 patients) Weight decreased (below serious, 3 patients) Irritability (below serious, 6 patients) Fatigue (below serious, 4 patients) Nasopharyngitis (below serious, 2 patients) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00735371
20 mg single, oral Dose: 20 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 20 mg Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01096680	healthy, adult Health Status: healthy Age Group: adult Sex: M Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01096680	Other AEs: Nausea... Other AEs: Nausea (below serious, 1 patient) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01096680
50 mg single, oral Dose: 50 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 50 mg Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01096680	healthy, adult Health Status: healthy Age Group: adult Sex: M Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01096680	Other AEs: Headache, Nausea... Other AEs: Headache (below serious, 4 patients) Nausea (below serious, 1 patient) Vomiting (below serious, 2 patients) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01096680
70 mg single, oral Dose: 70 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 70 mg Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01096680	healthy, adult Health Status: healthy Age Group: adult Sex: M Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01096680	Other AEs: Headache, Nausea... Other AEs: Headache (below serious, 2 patients) Nausea (below serious, 2 patients) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01096680
70 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 70 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 70 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01101022	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01101022	Other AEs: Diarrhea, Dry mouth... Other AEs: Diarrhea (below serious, 6 patients) Dry mouth (below serious, 25 patients) Fatigue (below serious, 6 patients) Feeling jittery (below serious, 10 patients) Irritability (below serious, 8 patients) Upper respiratory tract infection (below serious, 5 patients) Heart rate increased (below serious, 4 patients) Weight decreased (below serious, 8 patients) Anorexia (below serious, 4 patients) Decreased appetite (below serious, 26 patients) Headache (below serious, 20 patients) Initial insomnia (below serious, 8 patients) Insomnia (below serious, 10 patients) Libido decreased (below serious, 4 patients) Hyperhidrosis (below serious, 5 patients) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01101022
70 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 70 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 70 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208510lbl.pdf	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208510lbl.pdf	Disc. AE: Abuse, Dependence... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Abuse Dependence Cardiovascular disorder (NOS) (grade 3-5) Stroke (serious) Myocardial infarction (serious) Blood pressure increased Heart rate increased Psychiatric symptom NOS Psychotic symptom Manic symptom Growth suppression Vascular disorders Raynaud's phenomenon Serotonin syndrome Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208510lbl.pdf
50 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01148979	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01148979	Other AEs: Decreased appetite, Dry mouth... Other AEs: Decreased appetite (below serious, 8 patients) Dry mouth (below serious, 7 patients) Insomnia (below serious, 10 patients) Irritability (below serious, 3 patients) Diaphoresis (below serious, 2 patients) Libido decreased (below serious, 2 patients) Tinnitus (below serious, 2 patients) Muscle tension (below serious, 4 patients) Tachycardia (below serious, 3 patients) Paresthesia (below serious, 2 patients) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01148979

AEs

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
inhibitor 2252	inhibitor 2438	substrate 1388 inhibitor 2507

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
CYP1A2 2153 CYP2A6 879 CYP2B6 926 CYP2C19 2057	CYP 303

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity
CYP2D6 2546	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/017078s049lbl.pdf#page=4	likely
CYP2C19 2141	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2007/021977s000_PharmToxR.pdf Page: 7, 78	no [Inhibition 87.3 uM]
CYP2C9 2497	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2007/021977s000_PharmToxR.pdf Page: 7, 78	no [Inhibition 89 uM]
CYP2D6 2546	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2007/021977s000_PharmToxR.pdf Page: 7, 78	no [Inhibition 90 uM]
CYP2B6 1160	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2007/021977s000_PharmToxR.pdf Page: 7, 78	no [Inhibition 90.8 uM]
CYP3A4 2633	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2007/021977s000_PharmToxR.pdf Page: 7, 78	no [Inhibition 92.1 uM]
CYP2A6 911	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2007/021977s000_PharmToxR.pdf Page: 7, 78	no [Inhibition 92.5 uM]
CYP1A2 2333	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2007/021977s000_PharmToxR.pdf Page: 7, 78	no [Inhibition 94.2 uM]

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
CYP2D6 1388	substrate 4014 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/017078s049lbl.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0	likely		likely (co-administration study) Comment: Amphetamines and amphetamine derivatives are known to be metabolized, to some degree, by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) and display minor inhibition of CYP2D6 metabolism; concomitant use of DEXEDRINE and CYP2D6 inhibitors may increase the exposure of DEXEDRINE; Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/017078s049lbl.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0
CYP 303	substrate 4014 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/021977s034,208510s002lbl.pdf Page: 21.0	no

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
1PlusChem LLC	1P00E9T8
Alfa Chemistry	ACM608137333
Angene	AGN-PC-0WH4QC
Cayman Chemical	18050
ChemMol	44007218	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/44007218.html
Compound Cloud	11597697
Compound Cloud	11597698
iChemical	EBD10545	http://www.ichemical.com/chemicals/cas-608137-33-3
mcule	MCULE-1818516035
mcule	MCULE-7002483605
MolPort	MolPort-046-693-343
Sigma Aldrich	L-026
Sigma Aldrich	L-026\|CERILLIAN
THE BioTek	bt-386638	https://www.thebiotek.com/product/others/bt-386638
Toronto Research Chemicals	KIT2550
Toronto Research Chemicals	L468880
Toronto Research Chemicals	L468885
ZINC	ZINC000011680943	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000011680943
AA Blocks	AA00DRV1	https://www.aablocks.com/goods/Goods/detail?id=AA00DRV1
Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC	A17.876.402	http://online.aurorafinechemicals.com/info?ID=A17.876.402
Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC	K16.670.581	http://online.aurorafinechemicals.com/info?ID=K16.670.581
Avantor Inc	101096-690	https://us.vwr.com/store/catalog/product.jsp?catalog_number=101096-690
Avantor Inc	75835-260	https://us.vwr.com/store/product/21998648/exempted-drug-of-abuse-reference-standards-restek
BioCrick	BCC5942	http://www.biocrick.com/D-Amphetamine-sulfate-BCC5942.html
iChemical	EBD2638102	http://www.ichemical.com/products/51-63-8.html?utm_source=PubChem&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=product%20catalogs
LGC Standards	LGCFOR1359.00	https://www.lgcstandards.com/US/en/p/LGCFOR1359.00
LGC Standards	MM1359.00	https://www.lgcstandards.com/US/en/p/MM1359.00
Parchem	16880	http://www.parchem.com/chemical-supplier-distributor/DITAB-006880.aspx
Sigma-Aldrich	1180004_USP	https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/usp/1180004?utm_source=pubchem&utm_campaign=pubchem_2017&utm_medium=referral
Sigma-Aldrich	A3278_SIAL	https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/a3278?utm_source=pubchem&utm_campaign=pubchem_2017&utm_medium=referral
Sigma-Aldrich	A5880_SIGMA	https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/a5880?utm_source=pubchem&utm_campaign=pubchem_2017&utm_medium=referral
Smolecule	S525797	http://www.smolecule.com/products/s525797
THE BioTek	bt-267390	https://www.thebiotek.com/product/inhibitors/bt-267390
Tocris	2813	https://www.tocris.com/products/d-amphetamine-sulfate_2813

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Agonist and antagonist activity of low efficacy D2 dopamine receptor agonists in rats discriminating d-amphetamine from saline.	1992 Dec	11224162
Neuronal degeneration in the limbic system of weanling rats exposed to saline, hyperthermia or d-amphetamine.	2000 Dec 8	11102570
Dopaminergic mRNA expression in the intact substantia nigra of unilaterally 6-OHDA-lesioned and grafted rats: an in situ hybridization study.	2001	11314769
Effects of systemic injections of dopaminergic agents on the habituation of rats submitted to an open field test.	2001	11174051
The purinergic P2 receptor antagonist pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2'4'-disulphonic acid prevents both the acute locomotor effects of amphetamine and the behavioural sensitization caused by repeated amphetamine injections in rats.	2001	11166110
Resolution of stroke deficits following contralateral grafts of conditionally immortal neuroepithelial stem cells.	2001 Apr	11283405
A nitric oxide-dopamine link pathway in organum vasculosum laminae terminalis of rat brain exerts control over blood pressure.	2001 Apr	11264246
Periodic maternal separation of neonatal rats produces region- and gender-specific effects on biogenic amine content in postmortem adult brain.	2001 Apr	11170216
Tyrosine improves behavioral and neurochemical deficits caused by cold exposure.	2001 Feb	11274672
Differences in locomotor response to an inescapable novel environment predict sensitivity to aversive effects of amphetamine.	2001 Feb	11270513
Effects of acute D-amphetamine and ketamine on the performance of rats in a serial negative patterning procedure.	2001 Feb	11270512
The D3R partial agonist, BP 897, attenuates the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine and D-amphetamine and is not self-administered.	2001 Feb	11270507
Relevance of pharmacokinetic parameters in animal models of methamphetamine abuse.	2001 Feb	11180503
Neurotensin gene expression and behavioral responses following administration of psychostimulants and antipsychotic drugs in dopamine D(3) receptor deficient mice.	2001 Feb	11120399
Highly sensitive analysis of methamphetamine and amphetamine in human whole blood using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.	2001 Feb 1	11118748
Regional distribution of methamphetamine in autopsied brain of chronic human methamphetamine users.	2001 Feb 15	11182268
Neuroprotective effect of vitamin E on the early model of Parkinson's disease in rat: behavioral and histochemical evidence.	2001 Feb 16	11172767
Analysis of benzphetamine and its metabolites in rat urine by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.	2001 Feb 25	11236083
Selective inhibition of amine oxidases differently potentiate the hypophagic effect of benzylamine in mice.	2001 Feb 9	11173067
Schedule-dependent effects of haloperidol and amphetamine: multiple-schedule task shows within-subject effects.	2001 Jan	11274708
Distinct contributions of glutamate and dopamine receptors to temporal aspects of rodent working memory using a clinically relevant task.	2001 Jan	11271408
[Analysis of the striato-pallidal interactions in regulation of avoidance behavior].	2001 Jan	11227866
Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and dopamine-dependent oxidative stress in amphetamine-induced toxicity.	2001 Jan	11198300
Influence of time in culture and BDNF pretreatment on survival and function of grafted embryonic rat ventral mesencephalon in the 6-OHDA rat model of Parkinson's disease.	2001 Jan	11161602
The effects of phencyclidine pretreatment on amphetamine-induced behavior and c-Fos expression in the rat.	2001 Jan 12	11150488
Amphetamine-induced dopamine release in human ventral striatum correlates with euphoria.	2001 Jan 15	11164755
Environmental novelty differentially affects c-fos mRNA expression induced by amphetamine or cocaine in subregions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and amygdala.	2001 Jan 15	11160452
Behavioral activation in rats requires endogenous ascorbate release in striatum.	2001 Jan 15	11160445
Fetal intra-nigral ventral mesencephalon and kidney tissue bridge transplantation restores the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway in hemi-parkinsonian rats.	2001 Jan 19	11166704
Behavioural and anti-psychotic effects of Ca2+ channel blockers in rhesus monkey.	2001 Jan 26	11165225
Differential sensitivity to lithium's reversal of amphetamine-induced open-field activity in two inbred strains of mice.	2001 Jan 8	11163638
Cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout mice fail to self-administer morphine but not other drugs of abuse.	2001 Jan 8	11163634
Neonatal dexamethasone on day 7 in rats causes behavioral alterations reflective of hippocampal, but not cerebellar, deficits.	2001 Jan-Feb	11274876
The weaver mutant mouse: a model to study the ontogeny of dopamine transmission systems and their role in drug addiction.	2001 Jun	11240309
Entopeduncular lesions facilitate and thalamic lesions depress spontaneous and drug-evoked motor behavior in the hemiparkinsonian rat.	2001 Jun 1	11304759
Effects of d-amphetamine on the performance of rats in an animal analogue of the A-X continuous performance test.	2001 Mar	11277604
Acute myocardial infarction associated with amphetamine use.	2001 Mar	11243281
Seizure activity and hyperthermia potentiate the increases in dopamine and serotonin extracellular levels in the amygdala during exposure to d-amphetamine.	2001 Mar	11222877
Lobeline inhibits the neurochemical and behavioral effects of amphetamine.	2001 Mar	11181937
Expression of sensitization to amphetamine and dynamics of dopamine neurotransmission in different laminae of the rat medial prefrontal cortex.	2001 Mar	11166330
Differential effects of endomorphin-1 and -2 on amphetamine sensitization: neurochemical and behavioral aspects.	2001 Mar 1	11169772
Addition of a 5-HT receptor agonist to methylphenidate potentiates the reduction of [123I]FP-CIT binding to dopamine transporters in rat frontal cortex and hippocampus.	2001 Mar 1	11169768
Determination of residues in the norepinephrine transporter that are critical for tricyclic antidepressant affinity.	2001 Mar 16	11092898
Serotonin transporter localization in the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus.	2001 Mar 2	11222995
Amphetamine-stimulated cortical acetylcholine release: role of the basal forebrain.	2001 Mar 9	11245817
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene delivery protects dopaminergic terminals from degeneration.	2001 May	11312561
Amphetamine normalizes the electrical activity of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area following prenatal ethanol exposure.	2001 May	11303066
The variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism of the dopamine transporter gene is not associated with significant change in dopamine transporter phenotype in humans.	2001 May	11282255
Cocaine and amphetamine increase extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of mice lacking the dopamine transporter gene.	2001 May 1	11312315
Genes in drug abuse.	2001 May 1	11295319

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Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Usual dose is 5 to 60 mg per day in divided doses, depending on the individual patient response. Narcolepsy seldom occurs in children under 12 years of age; however, when it does, DEXEDRINE may be used. The suggested initial dose for patients aged 6 to 12 is 5 mg daily; daily dose may be raised in increments of 5 mg at weekly intervals until an optimal response is obtained. In patients 12 years of age and older, start with 10 mg daily; daily dosage may be raised in increments of 10 mg at weekly intervals until an optimal response is obtained. If bothersome adverse reactions appear (e.g., insomnia or anorexia), dosage should be reduced. SPANSULE capsules may be used for once-a-day dosage wherever appropriate.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Unknown

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 21:38:01 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 21:38:01 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	YYI1A8W4TQ
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

D-AMPHETAMINE ADIPATE

Preferred Name

English

DEXTROAMPHETAMINE ADIPATE

Common Name

English

HEXANEDIOIC ACID, COMPD. WITH (.ALPHA.S)-.ALPHA.-METHYLBENZENEETHANAMINE (1:1)

Common Name

English

DEXTROAMPHETAMINE ADIPATE [ORANGE BOOK]

Common Name

English

DEXTROAMPHETAMINE ADIPATE [VANDF]

Common Name

English

BENZENEETHANAMINE, .ALPHA.-METHYL-, (S)-, HEXANEDIOATE (1:1)

Systematic Name

English

DELCOBESE COMPONENT DEXTROAMPHETAMINE ADIPATE

Common Name

English

Code System Code Type Description

PUBCHEM

49800024