U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C23H16O11
Molecular Weight 468.3665
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of CROMOLYN

SMILES

OC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)C=C(O2)C(O)=O)COC3=CC=CC4=C3C(=O)C=C(O4)C(O)=O

InChI

InChIKey=IMZMKUWMOSJXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C23H16O11/c24-11(9-31-14-3-1-5-16-20(14)12(25)7-18(33-16)22(27)28)10-32-15-4-2-6-17-21(15)13(26)8-19(34-17)23(29)30/h1-8,11,24H,9-10H2,(H,27,28)(H,29,30)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C23H16O11
Molecular Weight 468.3665
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Description
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/090954s000lbl.pdf |http://www.rxlist.com/crolom-drug.htm | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8809432

Cromolyn is a mast cell stabilizer. In vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that cromolyn sodium inhibits the degranulation of sensitized mast cells, which occurs after exposure to specific antigens. Cromolyn sodium acts by inhibiting the release of histamine and SRS-A (slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis) from the mast cell. Cromolyn is indicated in the management of patients with mastocytosis, prophylaxis (long-term control) of bronchial asthma, prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm, prevention and treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis The most frequently reported adverse reactions attributed to cromolyn sodium treatment were: throat irritation or dryness, bad taste, cough, wheeze, nausea.

CNS Activity

Sources: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19004805https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8809432

Approval Year

TargetsConditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
CROMOLYN SODIUM

Approved Use

GASTROCROM is indicated in the management of patients with mastocytosis. Use of this product has been associated with improvement in diarrhea, flushing, headaches, vomiting, urticaria, abdominal pain, nausea, and itching in some patients.

Launch Date

1994
Preventing
CROMOLYN SODIUM

Approved Use

Cromolyn sodium is a prophylactic agent indicated in the management of patients with bronchial asthma.

Launch Date

1994
Palliative
CROMOLYN SODIUM

Approved Use

Cromolyn sodium is used to prevent and relieve nasal symptoms of hay fever and other nasal allergies.

Launch Date

1994
Primary
CROMOLYN SODIUM

Approved Use

Cromolyn sodium ophthalmic solution is indicated in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, and vernal keratitis.

Launch Date

1994
Preventing
CROMOLYN SODIUM

Approved Use

To help prevent asthma attacks.

Launch Date

1994
Preventing
NASALCROM

Approved Use

To prevent and relieve nasal symptoms of hay fever and other nasal allergies

Launch Date

1997
Palliative
OPTREX

Approved Use

Optrex is used for the prevention and treatment of eye allergies.
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
46.69 ng/mL
17.1 mg single, respiratory
dose: 17.1 mg
route of administration: Respiratory
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered: IBUPROFEN
CROMOLYN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
96.75 ng/mL
34.2 mg single, respiratory
dose: 34.2 mg
route of administration: Respiratory
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered: IBUPROFEN
CROMOLYN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
0.24 ng/mL
17.1 mg single, respiratory
dose: 17.1 mg
route of administration: Respiratory
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered: IBUPROFEN
CROMOLYN cerebrospinal fluid
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
0.34 ng/mL
34.2 mg single, respiratory
dose: 34.2 mg
route of administration: Respiratory
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered: IBUPROFEN
CROMOLYN cerebrospinal fluid
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
156 ng/mL
40 mg single, oral
dose: 40 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
CROMOLYN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
236 ng/mL
80 mg single, oral
dose: 80 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
CROMOLYN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
338 ng × h/mL
40 mg single, oral
dose: 40 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
CROMOLYN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
526 ng × h/mL
80 mg single, oral
dose: 80 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
CROMOLYN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
1.8 h
17.1 mg single, respiratory
dose: 17.1 mg
route of administration: Respiratory
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered: IBUPROFEN
CROMOLYN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
1.8 h
34.2 mg single, respiratory
dose: 34.2 mg
route of administration: Respiratory
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered: IBUPROFEN
CROMOLYN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
62.4 mg 1 times / day multiple, intranasal
Dose: 62.4 mg, 1 times / day
Route: intranasal
Route: multiple
Dose: 62.4 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 25 years (range: 5-51 years)
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 25 years (range: 5-51 years)
Sex: M+F
Sources:
200 mg 4 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 200 mg, 4 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 200 mg, 4 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
2 % multiple, ophthalmic
Dose: 2 %
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 2 %
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: adult
Sources:
Overview

Overview

CYP3A4CYP2C9CYP2D6hERG

OverviewOther

Other InhibitorOther SubstrateOther Inducer

Drug as victim

Drug as victim

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
no
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Mast cells mediate the microvascular inflammatory response to systemic hypoxia.
2003-01
Single dose of ketotifen fumarate .025% vs 2 weeks of cromolyn sodium 4% for allergic conjunctivitis.
2002-11-15
Long-term management of asthma in children: effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids compared to other medications.
2002-11
Inhalation and deposition of nebulized sodium cromoglycate in two different particle size distributions in children with asthma.
2002-11
A comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% ophthalmic solution and cromolyn sodium 2% ophthalmic solution in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.
2002-10
Sodium cromoglycate and doxantrazole are oxygen radical scavengers.
2002-10
Mast cells as a target of rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
2002-09
[Enhancing effects of ion-pair complexes on skin permeation of cromolyn in vitro].
2002-09
The role of sodium cromolyn in treatment of paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rat.
2002-09
24-hour efficacy of once-daily desloratadine therapy in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis [ISRCTN32042139].
2002-08-05
In vitro deposition of the respirable fraction of dry powder inhalations determined by laser diffractometry and inertial impaction.
2002-08
Inhaled sodium cromoglycate in children with asthma.
2002-08
Cause and effect relationship between myocardial mast cell number and matrix metalloproteinase activity.
2002-08
Water dynamics in channel hydrates investigated using H/D exchange.
2002-07-25
Effects of topical anti-inflammatory and antiallergic eyedrops on prostaglandin E2-induced aqueous flare elevation in pigmented rabbits.
2002-07
Fluticasone for the treatment of symptomatic bronchial asthma in children treated with sodium cromogylate--a prospective, randomised trial.
2002-06-28
[Exercise-induced asthma. Not a reason to be benched].
2002-06-27
Management of suspected acute viral upper respiratory tract infection in children with intranasal sodium cromoglicate: a randomised controlled trial.
2002-06-22
The combination of nebulized sodium cromoglycate and salbutamol in the treatment of moderate-to-severe asthma in children.
2002-06
Efficacy and patient satisfaction with cromolyn sodium nasal solution in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a placebo-controlled study.
2002-06
Improved strategies and new treatment options for allergic rhinitis.
2002-06
Allergic rhinitis remains an important disease.
2002-06
One-year trial on safety and normal linear growth with flunisolide HFA in children with asthma.
2002-06
(S)nifty treatment for pollen allergies.
2002-06
Balancing safety and efficacy in the treatment of pediatric asthma.
2002-06
Generalized bullae in an infant.
2002-06
The effect of disodium cromoglycate, budesonide, and cyclosporin A on interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-13 secretions in Der p I-stimulated T cells from house dust mite-sensitive atopic and nonatopic individuals.
2002-05-11
Perinatal immunomodulation.
2002-05
Management of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis.
2002-05
Effect of interventions during acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis on subsequent long term respiratory morbidity.
2002-05
Ischaemic preconditioning and mast cell histamine release: microdialysis of isolated rat hearts.
2002-05
Floating a metered-dose inhaler is not an accurate measure of remaining medicine.
2002-05
Relative lung and systemic bioavailability of sodium cromoglycate inhaled products using urinary drug excretion post inhalation.
2002-05
Nebulized budesonide inhalation suspension compared with cromolyn sodium nebulizer solution for asthma in young children: results of a randomized outcomes trial.
2002-05
Airway hyperresponsiveness to adenosine induced by lipopolysaccharide in Brown Norway rats.
2002-05
Interaction of S100 proteins with the antiallergic drugs, olopatadine, amlexanox, and cromolyn: identification of putative drug binding sites on S100A1 protein.
2002-04-12
Use of intranasal cromolyn sodium for allergic rhinitis.
2002-04
Effects of budesonide inhalation suspension on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis function in infants and young children with persistent asthma.
2002-03
Inhaled sodium cromoglycate in children with asthma.
2002-03
Efficacy and safety of inhaled steroid and cromone treatment in school-age children: a randomized pragmatic pilot study.
2002-02
Using case management to increase antiinflammatory medication use among a managed care population with asthma.
2002-02
Medical management of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome.
2002-02
Assessment of the relationship between hyperalgesia and peripheral inflammation in magnesium-deficient rats.
2002-01-18
Topical treatment of pyoderma gangraenosum.
2002
[Inhalation therapy].
2001-12
Reasons for and costs of hospitalization for pediatric asthma: a prospective 1-year follow-up in a population-based setting.
2001-12
Therapy choices beyond antihistamines. Vasomotor rhinitis.
2001-11
[A sniffing child].
2001
[Effects of orally available prodrug of cromoglycic acid on collagen-induced arthritis mice].
1999-10
Pro-drugs for the oral delivery of disodium cromoglycate.
1988-01
Patents

Sample Use Guides

Two metered inhalations four times daily at regular intervals (asthma).
Route of Administration: Respiratory
In Vitro Use Guide
Cromoglycate (the active component of cromoglicate lisetil) significantly inhibits histamine release from lung and tonsillar mast cells at 1000 uM.
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
Edited
by admin
on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
Record UNII
Y0TK0FS77W
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
CROMOLYN
HSDB   MI   VANDF  
Common Name English
CROMOGLICIC ACID
INN   WHO-DD  
INN  
Preferred Name English
Cromoglicic acid [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
4H-1-BENZOPYRAN-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID, 5,5'-((2-HYDROXY-1,3-PROPANEDIYL)BIS(OXY))BIS(4-OXO-)
Common Name English
CROMO-COMOD
Brand Name English
CROMOGLICATE
Common Name English
CROMOGLYCIC ACID
Common Name English
5,5'-((2-HYDROXYTRIMETHYLENE)DIOXY)BIS(4-OXO-4H-1-BENZOPYRAN-2-CARBOXYLATE)
Systematic Name English
CROMOLYN [HSDB]
Common Name English
R03BC01
Code English
cromoglicic acid [INN]
Common Name English
CROMOGLYCATE
Common Name English
CROMOLYN [VANDF]
Common Name English
CROMOLYN [MI]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
WHO-ATC R01AC01
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
WHO-VATC QS01GX51
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
NDF-RT N0000175630
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
WHO-ATC R01AC51
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
WHO-ATC S01GX01
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
NCI_THESAURUS C29714
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
NDF-RT N0000175628
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
WHO-VATC QS01GX01
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
WHO-ATC A07EB01
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
WHO-ATC D11AH03
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
WHO-VATC QR01AC01
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
WHO-VATC QA07EB01
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
WHO-VATC QD11AH03
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
LIVERTOX 243
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
WHO-ATC S01GX51
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 602817
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
WHO-ATC R03BC01
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
WHO-VATC QR03BC01
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
Code System Code Type Description
SMS_ID
100000083740
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID4022860
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
INN
2427
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
Y0TK0FS77W
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m3851
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY Merck Index
EVMPD
SUB06825MIG
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C61691
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
CHEBI
59773
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
HSDB
3308
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
CHEBI
59039
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
RXCUI
2921
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
ALTERNATIVE
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
240-279-8
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
741
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
IUPHAR
7608
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB01003
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
CAS
16110-51-3
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
CROMOGLICIC ACID
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
Y0TK0FS77W
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL428880
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
LACTMED
Cromolyn
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
2882
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
RXCUI
42612
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:23:48 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
TARGET->STABILIZER
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
Related Record Type Details
PRODRUG -> METABOLITE ACTIVE
Related Record Type Details
ACTIVE MOIETY
inhibit mast cells-mediated adverse effects on brain pathology and neuronal loss as well as interfere with A? oligomerization and accumulation.