Details
| Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
| Molecular Formula | C4H9NO3 |
| Molecular Weight | 119.1192 |
| Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
| Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O
InChI
InChIKey=AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N
InChI=1S/C4H9NO3/c1-2(6)3(5)4(7)8/h2-3,6H,5H2,1H3,(H,7,8)/t2-,3+/m1/s1
| Molecular Formula | C4H9NO3 |
| Molecular Weight | 119.1192 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
DescriptionCurator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8296531 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1905383 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12523390
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8296531 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1905383 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12523390
L-threonine is an essential amino acid. Threonine is a precursor of glycine. The biochemical studies on rats proved that glycine is synthesized from threonine (through threonine dehydrogenase pathway). Threonine dehydrogenase is the key enzyme in mammals like pigs, cat, and rats for degradation of 80% threonine. In adult humans, degradation of 7–11% of threonine is done by threonine dehydrogenase. The human L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase gene (GeneID: 157739, UniProtKB: Q8IZJ6 (TDH_HUMAN)) is an expressed pseudogene having lost the splice acceptor site preceding exon 6 and codon arginine-214 (CGA) is mutated to a stop codon (TGA). A few trials demonstrated that oral L-threonine may alleviate clinical signs of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spasticity in humans. L-Threonine has recently been brought into agricultural industry for balancing the livestock feed.
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: EC 1.1.1.103 |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | FREAMINE III 10% Approved UseParenteral nutrition with 8.5% FreAmine® III (Amino Acid Injection) with Electrolytes is
indicated to prevent nitrogen loss or treat negative nitrogen balance in adults and pediatric
patients, where (1) the alimentary tract, by the oral, gastrostomy, or jejunostomy route, cannot or
should not be used, or adequate protein intake is not feasible by these routes; (2) gastrointestinal
absorption of protein is impaired; or (3) protein requirements are substantially increased as with
extensive burns. Dosage, route of administration, and concomitant infusion of non-protein
calories are dependent on various factors, such as nutritional metabolic status of the patient, anticipated duration of parenteral nutritional support, and vein tolerance Launch Date1971 |
|||
| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
|||
| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
|||
| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
200 μM EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/685879/ |
15 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 15 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
THREONINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
300 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/685879/ |
15 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 15 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
THREONINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/685879/ |
15 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 15 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
THREONINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| The first constant-domain (CH1) exon of human IGHG2 is polymorphic and in strong linkage disequilibrium with the CH2 exon polymorphism encoding the G2m(n+) allotype in Caucasians. | 2001 |
|
| Deficiency of Pten accelerates mammary oncogenesis in MMTV-Wnt-1 transgenic mice. | 2001 |
|
| Biosynthesis of vitamin B6 and structurally related derivatives. | 2001 |
|
| Direct and differential interaction of beta-arrestins with the intracellular domains of different opioid receptors. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Phosphoserine/threonine-binding domains. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Positive transcription elongation factor B phosphorylates hSPT5 and RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain independently of cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase. | 2001 Apr 13 |
|
| Phosphorylation down-regulates the RNA binding function of the coat protein of potato virus A. | 2001 Apr 27 |
|
| Biosynthesis of threonine from homoserine by mixed rumen microorganisms: an in vitro study. | 2001 Feb |
|
| The ATP-dependent CodWX (HslVU) protease in Bacillus subtilis is an N-terminal serine protease. | 2001 Feb 15 |
|
| Elimination of phosphorylation sites of Semliki Forest virus replicase protein nsP3. | 2001 Feb 23 |
|
| Inhibition of PP-2A upregulates CaMKII in rat forebrain and induces hyperphosphorylation of tau at Ser 262/356. | 2001 Feb 9 |
|
| Thr226 is a key residue for bioluminescence spectra determination in beetle luciferases. | 2001 Feb 9 |
|
| Chronic maternal smoking and cord blood amino acid and enzyme levels at term. | 2001 Jan |
|
| FMN is covalently attached to a threonine residue in the NqrB and NqrC subunits of Na(+)-translocating NADH-quinone reductase from Vibrio alginolyticus. | 2001 Jan 12 |
|
| Identification of distinct signaling pathways leading to the phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3. | 2001 Jan 5 |
|
| Kinetic basis for activation of CDK2/cyclin A by phosphorylation. | 2001 Jan 5 |
|
| Studies on feeding peanut meal as a protein source for broiler chickens. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Three-dimensional structure of human follicle-stimulating hormone. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Requirements and effects of palmitoylation of rat PLD1. | 2001 Mar 23 |
|
| Interacting fidelity defects in the replicative DNA polymerase of bacteriophage RB69. | 2001 Mar 30 |
|
| Conversion of threonine 757 to valine enhances Stat5a transactivation potential. | 2001 Mar 30 |
Sample Use Guides
L-threonine (4 g daily) with pyridoxal phosphate (160 mg daily) for six months in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Threonine supplementation (500 mg/day) was given to 6 patients with genetic spasticity syndromes for a period of 12 months, followed by a 4-month observation period without medication.
Oral L-threonine at 6 g/day in patients with spinal spasticity.
Route of Administration:
Oral
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Mon Mar 31 21:35:06 GMT 2025
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| Record UNII |
TFM6DU5S6A
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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| Record Version |
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| Related Record | Type | Details | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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ENANTIOMER -> RACEMATE |
