Details
| Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
| Molecular Formula | C4H9NO3 |
| Molecular Weight | 119.1192 |
| Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
| Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O
InChI
InChIKey=AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N
InChI=1S/C4H9NO3/c1-2(6)3(5)4(7)8/h2-3,6H,5H2,1H3,(H,7,8)/t2-,3+/m1/s1
| Molecular Formula | C4H9NO3 |
| Molecular Weight | 119.1192 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
DescriptionCurator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8296531 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1905383 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12523390
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8296531 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1905383 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12523390
L-threonine is an essential amino acid. Threonine is a precursor of glycine. The biochemical studies on rats proved that glycine is synthesized from threonine (through threonine dehydrogenase pathway). Threonine dehydrogenase is the key enzyme in mammals like pigs, cat, and rats for degradation of 80% threonine. In adult humans, degradation of 7–11% of threonine is done by threonine dehydrogenase. The human L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase gene (GeneID: 157739, UniProtKB: Q8IZJ6 (TDH_HUMAN)) is an expressed pseudogene having lost the splice acceptor site preceding exon 6 and codon arginine-214 (CGA) is mutated to a stop codon (TGA). A few trials demonstrated that oral L-threonine may alleviate clinical signs of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spasticity in humans. L-Threonine has recently been brought into agricultural industry for balancing the livestock feed.
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: EC 1.1.1.103 |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | FREAMINE III 10% Approved UseParenteral nutrition with 8.5% FreAmine® III (Amino Acid Injection) with Electrolytes is
indicated to prevent nitrogen loss or treat negative nitrogen balance in adults and pediatric
patients, where (1) the alimentary tract, by the oral, gastrostomy, or jejunostomy route, cannot or
should not be used, or adequate protein intake is not feasible by these routes; (2) gastrointestinal
absorption of protein is impaired; or (3) protein requirements are substantially increased as with
extensive burns. Dosage, route of administration, and concomitant infusion of non-protein
calories are dependent on various factors, such as nutritional metabolic status of the patient, anticipated duration of parenteral nutritional support, and vein tolerance Launch Date1971 |
|||
| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
|||
| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
|||
| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
200 μM EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/685879/ |
15 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 15 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
THREONINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
300 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/685879/ |
15 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 15 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
THREONINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/685879/ |
15 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 15 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
THREONINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Synthesis of bisaminoacylated pdCpAs and tandemly activated transfer RNAs. | 2007-07-01 |
|
| Sodium-substrate cotransport in bacteria. | 2001-05-01 |
|
| Recent progress in the Na(+)-translocating NADH-quinone reductase from the marine Vibrio alginolyticus. | 2001-05-01 |
|
| A single amino-acid in the TM1 domain is an important determinant of the desensitization kinetics of recombinant human and guinea pig alpha-homomeric 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors. | 2001-04 |
|
| Direct and differential interaction of beta-arrestins with the intracellular domains of different opioid receptors. | 2001-04 |
|
| Phosphoserine/threonine-binding domains. | 2001-04 |
|
| Starvation-induced lysosomal degradation of aldolase B requires glutamine 111 in a signal sequence for chaperone-mediated transport. | 2001-04 |
|
| Phosphorylation-dependent conformation and proteolytic stability of c-Myb. | 2001-03-22 |
|
| Topology and structure of the C1q-binding site on C-reactive protein. | 2001-03-15 |
|
| Expression and mutagenesis of the NqrC subunit of the NQR respiratory Na(+) pump from Vibrio cholerae with covalently attached FMN. | 2001-03-09 |
|
| The F-box protein SKP2 binds to the phosphorylated threonine 380 in cyclin E and regulates ubiquitin-dependent degradation of cyclin E. | 2001-03-09 |
|
| Structural and functional analysis of the HIV gp41 core containing an Ile573 to Thr substitution: implications for membrane fusion. | 2001-03-06 |
|
| Hydrophobic analogues of the winter flounder 'antifreeze' protein. | 2001-03-02 |
|
| Phase-feeding supports maximum growth performance of broiler chicks from forty-three to seventy-one days of age. | 2001-03 |
|
| Studies on feeding peanut meal as a protein source for broiler chickens. | 2001-03 |
|
| A novel mechanism controls anaerobic and catabolite regulation of the Escherichia coli tdc operon. | 2001-03 |
|
| Biochemical characterization of cholesterol-3-sulfate as the sole effector for the phosphorylation of HMG1 by casein kinase I in vitro. | 2001-03 |
|
| Cytoplasmic localization of p21Cip1/WAF1 by Akt-induced phosphorylation in HER-2/neu-overexpressing cells. | 2001-03 |
|
| Isolation and characterisation of genomic and cDNA clones coding for a serine-, alanine-, and proline-rich protein of Trypanosoma cruzi. | 2001-03 |
|
| Three-dimensional structure of human follicle-stimulating hormone. | 2001-03 |
|
| Blunted cardiac responses to receptor activation in subjects with Thr164Ile beta(2)-adrenoceptors. | 2001-02-27 |
|
| Role of Thr(11) in the binding of omega-conotoxin MVIIC to N-type Ca2+ channels. | 2001-02-23 |
|
| Electrophysiologic endpoint measures in a multicenter ALS drug trial. | 2001-02-15 |
|
| The ATP-dependent CodWX (HslVU) protease in Bacillus subtilis is an N-terminal serine protease. | 2001-02-15 |
|
| LIM-kinase 2 induces formation of stress fibres, focal adhesions and membrane blebs, dependent on its activation by Rho-associated kinase-catalysed phosphorylation at threonine-505. | 2001-02-15 |
|
| Inhibition of PP-2A upregulates CaMKII in rat forebrain and induces hyperphosphorylation of tau at Ser 262/356. | 2001-02-09 |
|
| Thr226 is a key residue for bioluminescence spectra determination in beetle luciferases. | 2001-02-09 |
|
| Site-directed mutation in a conserved kinase domain of human cytomegalovirus-pp65 with preservation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte targeting. | 2001-02-08 |
|
| Ceramide induces the dephosphorylation and inhibition of constitutively activated Akt in PTEN negative U87mg cells. | 2001-02-02 |
|
| Kinase suppressor of ras is necessary for tumor necrosis factor alpha activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase in intestinal epithelial cells. | 2001-02-01 |
|
| F X Nottingham and F X Taunton. Two novel mutations in factor X resulting in loss of functional activity and an interpretation using molecular modelling. | 2001-02 |
|
| Mutation at codon 130 in hepatitis B virus (HBV) core region increases markedly during acute exacerbation of hepatitis in chronic HBV carriers. | 2001-02 |
|
| Tyrosine phosphorylation of p120(ctn) in v-Src transfected L cells depends on its association with E-cadherin and reduces adhesion activity. | 2001-02 |
|
| Molecular interactions between the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) and its natural host Nicotiana attenuata. II. Accumulation of plant mRNAs in response to insect-derived cues. | 2001-02 |
|
| Protein control of the redox potential of the primary quinone acceptor in reactioncCenters from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. | 2001-01-30 |
|
| A molecular marker for chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. | 2001-01-25 |
|
| Follicle-stimulating-hormone receptor and twinning. | 2001-01-20 |
|
| Differential effects of the allosteric enhancer (2-amino-4,5-dimethyl-trienyl)[3-trifluoromethyl) phenyl]methanone (PD81,723) on agonist and antagonist binding and function at the human wild-type and a mutant (T277A) adenosine A1 receptor. | 2001-01-15 |
|
| Serotonin activates S6 kinase in a rapamycin-sensitive manner in Aplysia synaptosomes. | 2001-01-15 |
|
| FMN is covalently attached to a threonine residue in the NqrB and NqrC subunits of Na(+)-translocating NADH-quinone reductase from Vibrio alginolyticus. | 2001-01-12 |
|
| Electrical activity regulates AChR gene expression via JNK, PKCzeta and Sp1 in skeletal chick muscle. | 2001-01-05 |
|
| Increased p53 phosphorylation after microtubule disruption is mediated in a microtubule inhibitor- and cell-specific manner. | 2001-01-04 |
|
| Reduced hydrolysis of amelogenin may result in X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta. | 2001-01 |
|
| Rapid deposition of wheat cell wall structural proteins in response to Fusarium-derived elicitors. | 2001-01 |
|
| Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy enables the fast and accurate prediction of the essential amino acid contents in soy, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, peas, fishmeal, meat meal products, and poultry meal. | 2001-01 |
|
| Identification of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins associated with the nuclear envelope. | 2001-01 |
|
| An HphI polymorphism in the E-selectin gene is associated with premature coronary artery disease. | 2001-01 |
|
| Ras activation of the Raf kinase: tyrosine kinase recruitment of the MAP kinase cascade. | 2001 |
|
| The first constant-domain (CH1) exon of human IGHG2 is polymorphic and in strong linkage disequilibrium with the CH2 exon polymorphism encoding the G2m(n+) allotype in Caucasians. | 2001 |
|
| Deficiency of Pten accelerates mammary oncogenesis in MMTV-Wnt-1 transgenic mice. | 2001 |
Sample Use Guides
L-threonine (4 g daily) with pyridoxal phosphate (160 mg daily) for six months in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Threonine supplementation (500 mg/day) was given to 6 patients with genetic spasticity syndromes for a period of 12 months, followed by a 4-month observation period without medication.
Oral L-threonine at 6 g/day in patients with spinal spasticity.
Route of Administration:
Oral
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Mon Mar 31 21:35:06 GMT 2025
by
admin
on
Mon Mar 31 21:35:06 GMT 2025
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| Record UNII |
TFM6DU5S6A
|
| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
|
| Record Version |
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201-300-6
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100000168730
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206292
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| Related Record | Type | Details | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
ENANTIOMER -> RACEMATE |
