Details
| Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
| Molecular Formula | C4H9NO3 |
| Molecular Weight | 119.1192 |
| Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
| Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O
InChI
InChIKey=AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N
InChI=1S/C4H9NO3/c1-2(6)3(5)4(7)8/h2-3,6H,5H2,1H3,(H,7,8)/t2-,3+/m1/s1
| Molecular Formula | C4H9NO3 |
| Molecular Weight | 119.1192 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
DescriptionCurator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8296531 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1905383 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12523390
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8296531 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1905383 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12523390
L-threonine is an essential amino acid. Threonine is a precursor of glycine. The biochemical studies on rats proved that glycine is synthesized from threonine (through threonine dehydrogenase pathway). Threonine dehydrogenase is the key enzyme in mammals like pigs, cat, and rats for degradation of 80% threonine. In adult humans, degradation of 7–11% of threonine is done by threonine dehydrogenase. The human L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase gene (GeneID: 157739, UniProtKB: Q8IZJ6 (TDH_HUMAN)) is an expressed pseudogene having lost the splice acceptor site preceding exon 6 and codon arginine-214 (CGA) is mutated to a stop codon (TGA). A few trials demonstrated that oral L-threonine may alleviate clinical signs of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spasticity in humans. L-Threonine has recently been brought into agricultural industry for balancing the livestock feed.
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: EC 1.1.1.103 |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | FREAMINE III 10% Approved UseParenteral nutrition with 8.5% FreAmine® III (Amino Acid Injection) with Electrolytes is
indicated to prevent nitrogen loss or treat negative nitrogen balance in adults and pediatric
patients, where (1) the alimentary tract, by the oral, gastrostomy, or jejunostomy route, cannot or
should not be used, or adequate protein intake is not feasible by these routes; (2) gastrointestinal
absorption of protein is impaired; or (3) protein requirements are substantially increased as with
extensive burns. Dosage, route of administration, and concomitant infusion of non-protein
calories are dependent on various factors, such as nutritional metabolic status of the patient, anticipated duration of parenteral nutritional support, and vein tolerance Launch Date1971 |
|||
| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
|||
| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
|||
| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
200 μM EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/685879/ |
15 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 15 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
THREONINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
300 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/685879/ |
15 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 15 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
THREONINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/685879/ |
15 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 15 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
THREONINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| The first constant-domain (CH1) exon of human IGHG2 is polymorphic and in strong linkage disequilibrium with the CH2 exon polymorphism encoding the G2m(n+) allotype in Caucasians. | 2001 |
|
| A single amino-acid in the TM1 domain is an important determinant of the desensitization kinetics of recombinant human and guinea pig alpha-homomeric 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Phosphoserine/threonine-binding domains. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Phosphorylation down-regulates the RNA binding function of the coat protein of potato virus A. | 2001 Apr 27 |
|
| The codon 17 polymorphism of the CTLA4 gene in type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Kinase suppressor of ras is necessary for tumor necrosis factor alpha activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase in intestinal epithelial cells. | 2001 Feb 1 |
|
| Phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic protein BIK: mapping of phosphorylation sites and effect on apoptosis. | 2001 Feb 16 |
|
| Role of Thr(11) in the binding of omega-conotoxin MVIIC to N-type Ca2+ channels. | 2001 Feb 23 |
|
| The C terminus of mammalian phospholipase D is required for catalytic activity. | 2001 Feb 23 |
|
| Thr226 is a key residue for bioluminescence spectra determination in beetle luciferases. | 2001 Feb 9 |
|
| Role of two conserved cytoplasmic threonine residues (T410 and T412) in CD5 signaling. | 2001 Jan 1 |
|
| Structural and catalytic similarities between nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases and alkaline phosphatases. | 2001 Jan 12 |
|
| Serotonin activates S6 kinase in a rapamycin-sensitive manner in Aplysia synaptosomes. | 2001 Jan 15 |
|
| Follicle-stimulating-hormone receptor and twinning. | 2001 Jan 20 |
|
| A molecular marker for chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. | 2001 Jan 25 |
|
| Protein control of the redox potential of the primary quinone acceptor in reactioncCenters from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. | 2001 Jan 30 |
|
| Electrical activity regulates AChR gene expression via JNK, PKCzeta and Sp1 in skeletal chick muscle. | 2001 Jan 5 |
|
| Identification of distinct signaling pathways leading to the phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3. | 2001 Jan 5 |
|
| A novel mechanism controls anaerobic and catabolite regulation of the Escherichia coli tdc operon. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Topology and structure of the C1q-binding site on C-reactive protein. | 2001 Mar 15 |
|
| Substrate and inhibitor specificities for human monoamine oxidase A and B are influenced by a single amino acid. | 2001 Mar 30 |
|
| Conversion of threonine 757 to valine enhances Stat5a transactivation potential. | 2001 Mar 30 |
|
| Expression and mutagenesis of the NqrC subunit of the NQR respiratory Na(+) pump from Vibrio cholerae with covalently attached FMN. | 2001 Mar 9 |
|
| Mass spectrometric resolution of reversible protein phosphorylation in photosynthetic membranes of Arabidopsis thaliana. | 2001 Mar 9 |
|
| Recent progress in the Na(+)-translocating NADH-quinone reductase from the marine Vibrio alginolyticus. | 2001 May 1 |
|
| Synthesis of bisaminoacylated pdCpAs and tandemly activated transfer RNAs. | 2007 Jul 1 |
Sample Use Guides
L-threonine (4 g daily) with pyridoxal phosphate (160 mg daily) for six months in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Threonine supplementation (500 mg/day) was given to 6 patients with genetic spasticity syndromes for a period of 12 months, followed by a 4-month observation period without medication.
Oral L-threonine at 6 g/day in patients with spinal spasticity.
Route of Administration:
Oral
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Sat Dec 16 05:59:33 GMT 2023
by
admin
on
Sat Dec 16 05:59:33 GMT 2023
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| Record UNII |
TFM6DU5S6A
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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| Record Version |
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| Related Record | Type | Details | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
ENANTIOMER -> RACEMATE |
