GENTAMICIN

Description

Gentamicin is an antibiotic of the aminoglycoside group, is derived by the growth of Micromonospora purpurea, an actinomycete. Gentamicin is a complex of three different closely related aminoglycoside sulfates, Gentamicins C1, C2, and C1a. Gentamicin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, but may cause ear and kidney damage. Gentamicin binds to the prokaryotic ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria. It is bactericidal in vitro against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Adverse reactions include adverse renal effects, neurotoxicity (dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus, roaring in the ears, hearing loss, peripheral neuropathy or encephalopathy), respiratory depression, lethargy, confusion, depression, visual disturbances, etc.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Potency
Escherichia coli 82	Inhibitor 8,297
Staphylococcus aureus 67	Inhibitor 8,297
30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome 4	Binding Agent 1,064
Ribosomal RNA A-site 6	Binding Agent 1,064	2.0 µM [Kd]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection 5	Curative	Approved 8,429	GARAMYCIN
Infection caused by Proteus species 4	Curative	Approved 8,429	GARAMYCIN
Escherichia coli infections 15	Curative	Approved 8,429	GARAMYCIN
Infection caused by Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia species 6	Curative	Approved 8,429	GARAMYCIN
Infection caused by Citrobacter species 6	Curative	Approved 8,429	GARAMYCIN
Infection caused by Staphylococcus species 6	Curative	Approved 8,429	GARAMYCIN
Infection caused by Citrobacter species 6	Curative	Approved 8,429	GARAMYCIN
Infections caused by Staphylococcus species 4	Curative	Approved 8,429	GARAMYCIN
Escherichia coli infections 15	Curative	Approved 8,429	GARAMYCIN

PubMed

Show entries

Title	Date	PubMed
[Letter: Cauda equina syndrome due to intrathecal gentamicin].	1975 Jan 18	1173285
Small molecules that selectively block RNA binding of HIV-1 Rev protein inhibit Rev function and viral production.	1993 Sep 24	8402886
Successful topical treatment of murine cutaneous leishmaniasis with a combination of paromomycin (Aminosidine) and gentamicin.	1999 Apr	10219319
Haemorrhagic cystitis and renal dysfunction associated with high dose benzylpenicillin.	2000 Jan	10762126
Factors that affect absorption behavior of cyclosporin a in gentamicin-induced acute renal failure in rats.	2000 Mar	10803762

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Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Adults: 3 mg/kg/day Adult patients with life-threatening infections: 5 mg/kg/day Children: 6 to 7.5 mg/kg/day Infants and Neonates: 7.5 mg/kg/day Premature or Full-Term Neonates One Week of Age or Less: 5 mg/kg/day For patients with life-threatening infections, dosages up to 5 mg/kg/day may be administered in three or four equal doses. The dosage should be reduced to 3 mg/kg/day as soon as clinically indicated

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

Gentamicin C1 demonstrated antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC 0.25ug/ml