CI-201 (also known as VB-201) is pure synthetic Lecinoxoid, oxidized phospholipid analog, for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune inflammatory disease. In preclinical models, CI-201 ameliorated the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide, and constrained the infiltration of pathogenic CD4+ T-cells into the CNS and impaired their IFN-γ production. CI-201 inhibits Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling restricted to TLR-2 and TLR-4 in human monocytes and dendritic cells, and exhibits up to 90% inhibition of monocyte chemotaxis in vitro. Interestingly, CI-201 did not inhibit monocyte adhesion or phagocytosis and had no effect on chemotaxis of neutrophils. In vivo, oral treatment with CI-201 reduced monocyte migration in a peritonitis model and inhibited atheroma development in ApoE(-/-) mice, without affecting cholesterol or triglyceride levels. CI-201 is developed by Vascular Biogenics for the oral treatment of atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), plaque psoriasis and multiple sclerosis (MS). However, in Phase 2 clinical trials CI-201 failed to demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in vascular inflammation associated with atherosclerotic lesions over placebo. As a result, Vascular Biogenics discontinued the development of CI-201 in psoriasis and atherosclerosis. No information about rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis clinical trials are currently available.