Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Molecular Formula | C62H88N13O14P.CN.Co |
Molecular Weight | 1355.3652 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Additional Stereochemistry | Yes |
Defined Stereocenters | 13 / 14 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
Stereo Comments | Octahedral trans |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[Co+3].[C-]#N.C[C@H](CNC(=O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C2[N-]C1=C(C)C3=NC(=CC4=NC(=C(C)C5=N[C@]2(C)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]5CCC(N)=O)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]4CCC(N)=O)C(C)(C)[C@@H]3CCC(N)=O)OP([O-])(=O)O[C@@H]6[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]([C@@H]6O)N7C=NC8=C7C=C(C)C(C)=C8
InChI
InChIKey=FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-UVKKECPRSA-L
InChI=1S/C62H90N13O14P.CN.Co/c1-29-20-39-40(21-30(29)2)75(28-70-39)57-52(84)53(41(27-76)87-57)89-90(85,86)88-31(3)26-69-49(83)18-19-59(8)37(22-46(66)80)56-62(11)61(10,25-48(68)82)36(14-17-45(65)79)51(74-62)33(5)55-60(9,24-47(67)81)34(12-15-43(63)77)38(71-55)23-42-58(6,7)35(13-16-44(64)78)50(72-42)32(4)54(59)73-56;1-2;/h20-21,23,28,31,34-37,41,52-53,56-57,76,84H,12-19,22,24-27H2,1-11H3,(H15,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,71,72,73,74,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,85,86);;/q;-1;+3/p-2/t31-,34-,35-,36-,37+,41-,52-,53-,56?,57+,59-,60+,61+,62+;;/m1../s1
Molecular Formula | C62H87N13O14P |
Molecular Weight | 1269.4066 |
Charge | -3 |
Count |
MOL RATIO
1 MOL RATIO (average) |
Stereochemistry | EPIMERIC |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 13 / 14 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Molecular Formula | Co |
Molecular Weight | 58.9332 |
Charge | 3 |
Count |
MOL RATIO
1 MOL RATIO (average) |
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Molecular Formula | CHN |
Molecular Weight | 27.0253 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
MOL RATIO
1 MOL RATIO (average) |
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Cyanocobalamin (commonly known as Vitamin B12) is the most chemically complex of all the vitamins. Cyanocobalamin's structure is based on a corrin ring, which, although similar to the porphyrin ring found in heme, chlorophyll, and cytochrome, has two of the pyrrole rings directly bonded. The central metal ion is Co (cobalt). Cyanocobalamin is naturally found in foods including meat (especially liver and shellfish), eggs, and milk products.Vitamin B12 is essential to growth, cell reproduction, hematopoiesis, and nucleoprotein
and myelin synthesis. Cells characterized by rapid division (e.g., epithelial cells, bone
marrow, myeloid cells) appear to have the greatest requirement for vitamin B12. Vitamin
B12 can be converted to coenzyme B12 in tissues, and as such is essential for conversion
of methylmalonate to succinate and synthesis of methionine from homocysteine, a
reaction which also requires folate. In the absence of coenzyme B12, tetrahydrofolate
cannot be regenerated from its inactive storage form, 5- methyltetrahydrofolate, and a
functional folate deficiency occurs. Vitamin B12 also may be involved in maintaining
sulfhydryl (SH) groups in the reduced form required by many SH-activated enzyme
systems. Through these reactions, vitamin B12 is associated with fat and carbohydrate
metabolism and protein synthesis. Vitamin B12 deficiency results in megaloblastic
anemia, GI lesions, and neurologic damage that begins with an inability to produce
myelin and is followed by gradual degeneration of the axon and nerve head.
Cyanocobalamin is the most stable and widely used form of vitamin B12, and has
hematopoietic activity apparently identical to that of the antianemia factor in purified
liver extract. Parenteral (intramuscular) administration of vitamin B12 completely reverses the
megaloblastic anemia and GI symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Cmax
AUC
Doses
AEs
Sourcing
PubMed
Patents
Sample Use Guides
Usual Adult Dose for Pernicious Anemia
Initial dose: 1000 mcg intramuscularly or deep subcutaneous once a day for 6 to 7 days
If clinical improvement and reticulocyte response is seen from the above dosing:
-100 mcg every other day for 7 doses, then:
-100 mcg every 3 to 4 days for 2 to 3 weeks, then:
Maintenance dose: 100 to 1000 mcg monthly
Duration of therapy: Life
Usual Adult Dose for B12 Nutritional Deficiency
25 to 2000 mcg orally daily
Usual Adult Dose for Schilling Test
1000 mcg intramuscularly is the flushing dose
Usual Pediatric Dose for B12 Nutritional Deficiency
0.5 to 3 mcg daily
Route of Administration:
Parenteral