Details
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Molecular Formula | C22H43N5O13.2H2O4S |
| Molecular Weight | 781.759 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
| Defined Stereocenters | 16 / 16 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O.NCC[C@H](O)C(=O)N[C@@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CN)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)[C@H]3O
InChI
InChIKey=FXKSEJFHKVNEFI-GCZBSULCSA-N
InChI=1S/C22H43N5O13.2H2O4S/c23-2-1-8(29)20(36)27-7-3-6(25)18(39-22-16(34)15(33)13(31)9(4-24)37-22)17(35)19(7)40-21-14(32)11(26)12(30)10(5-28)38-21;2*1-5(2,3)4/h6-19,21-22,28-35H,1-5,23-26H2,(H,27,36);2*(H2,1,2,3,4)/t6-,7+,8-,9+,10+,11-,12+,13+,14+,15-,16+,17-,18+,19-,21+,22+;;/m0../s1
| Molecular Formula | H2O4S |
| Molecular Weight | 98.078 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | C22H43N5O13 |
| Molecular Weight | 585.6025 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 16 / 16 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
DescriptionSources: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=6ec3129b-c53b-4bdb-913d-a2d0060fa140Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00479
Sources: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=6ec3129b-c53b-4bdb-913d-a2d0060fa140
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00479
Amikacin, USP (as the sulfate) is a semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from kanamycin. Amikacin "irreversibly" binds to specific 30S-subunit proteins and 16S rRNA. Amikacin inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit to prevent the formation of an initiation complex with messenger RNA. Specifically Amikacin binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site in the vicinity of nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes. Amikacin is used for short-term treatment of serious infections due to susceptible strains of Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas species, Escherichia coli, species of indole-positive and indole-negative Proteus, Providencia species, Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia species, and Acinetobacter (Mima-Herellea) species. Amikacin may also be used to treat Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Amikacin was used for the treatment of gram-negative pneumonia.
CNS Activity
Originator
Sources: http://www.tmfile.com/mark/?q=731096386
Curator's Comment: # Bristol-Myers Squibb
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL1641336 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00479 |
5.27 mM [IC50] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/868912 |
Curative | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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| Curative | AMIKACIN SULFATE Approved UseAmikacin sulfate injection is indicated in the short-term treatment of serious infections due to susceptible strains of Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas species, Escherichia coli, species of indole-positive and indole-negative Proteus, Providencia species, Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia species, and Acinetobacter (Mima-Herellea) species. Amikacin sulfate is effective in bacterial septicemia (including neonatal sepsis). Launch Date1993 |
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| Curative | AMIKACIN SULFATE Approved UseAmikacin sulfate injection is indicated in the short-term treatment of serious infections due to susceptible strains of Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas species, Escherichia coli, species of indole-positive and indole-negative Proteus, Providencia species, Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia species, and Acinetobacter (Mima-Herellea) species. Amikacin sulfate is effective in central nervous system infections (including meningitis) Launch Date1993 |
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| Curative | AMIKACIN SULFATE Approved UseAmikacin sulfate injection is indicated in the short-term treatment of serious infections due to susceptible strains of Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas species, Escherichia coli, species of indole-positive and indole-negative Proteus, Providencia species, Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia species, and Acinetobacter (Mima-Herellea) species. Amikacin sulfate is effective in serious complicated and recurrent urinary tract infections due to these organisms. Launch Date1993 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2.8 μg/mL |
590 mg 1 times / day steady-state, respiratory dose: 590 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
AMIKACIN serum | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
23.5 μg × h/mL |
590 mg 1 times / day steady-state, respiratory dose: 590 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
AMIKACIN serum | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5.9 h |
590 mg 1 times / day steady-state, respiratory dose: 590 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
AMIKACIN serum | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
90% |
590 mg 1 times / day steady-state, respiratory dose: 590 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
AMIKACIN serum | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
| Dose | Population | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|
15 mg/kg single, intravenous Highest studied dose Dose: 15 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 15 mg/kg Sources: |
healthy, 21-30 years |
|
60 mg/kg single, respiratory Highest studied dose Dose: 60 mg/kg Route: respiratory Route: single Dose: 60 mg/kg Sources: |
healthy, 21-30 years |
|
590 mg 1 times / day multiple, respiratory Recommended Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Route: respiratory Route: multiple Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 58.0 years (range: 16 - 61 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 58.0 years (range: 16 - 61 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Disc. AE: Infective exacerbation of bronchiectasis, Dyspnea... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Infective exacerbation of bronchiectasis (6.8%) Sources: Dyspnea (4.5%) Cough (1 patient) Oropharyngeal pain (1 patient) Respiratory disorder (1 patient) Pneumonia (1 patient) |
15 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intramuscular Highest studied dose Dose: 15 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intramuscular Route: multiple Dose: 15 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult |
|
590 mg 1 times / day multiple, respiratory Recommended Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Route: respiratory Route: multiple Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: |
Other AEs: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Hemoptysis... Other AEs: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Sources: Hemoptysis Bronchospasm |
AEs
| AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cough | 1 patient Disc. AE |
590 mg 1 times / day multiple, respiratory Recommended Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Route: respiratory Route: multiple Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 58.0 years (range: 16 - 61 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 58.0 years (range: 16 - 61 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Oropharyngeal pain | 1 patient Disc. AE |
590 mg 1 times / day multiple, respiratory Recommended Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Route: respiratory Route: multiple Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 58.0 years (range: 16 - 61 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 58.0 years (range: 16 - 61 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Pneumonia | 1 patient Disc. AE |
590 mg 1 times / day multiple, respiratory Recommended Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Route: respiratory Route: multiple Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 58.0 years (range: 16 - 61 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 58.0 years (range: 16 - 61 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Respiratory disorder | 1 patient Disc. AE |
590 mg 1 times / day multiple, respiratory Recommended Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Route: respiratory Route: multiple Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 58.0 years (range: 16 - 61 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 58.0 years (range: 16 - 61 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Dyspnea | 4.5% Disc. AE |
590 mg 1 times / day multiple, respiratory Recommended Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Route: respiratory Route: multiple Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 58.0 years (range: 16 - 61 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 58.0 years (range: 16 - 61 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Infective exacerbation of bronchiectasis | 6.8% Disc. AE |
590 mg 1 times / day multiple, respiratory Recommended Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Route: respiratory Route: multiple Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 58.0 years (range: 16 - 61 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 58.0 years (range: 16 - 61 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Bronchospasm | 590 mg 1 times / day multiple, respiratory Recommended Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Route: respiratory Route: multiple Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: |
|
| Hemoptysis | 590 mg 1 times / day multiple, respiratory Recommended Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Route: respiratory Route: multiple Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: |
|
| Hypersensitivity pneumonitis | 590 mg 1 times / day multiple, respiratory Recommended Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Route: respiratory Route: multiple Dose: 590 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Failure of treatment for chronic Mycobacterium abscessus meningitis despite adequate clarithromycin levels in cerebrospinal fluid. | 2001-09-01 |
|
| Liposome-encapsulated aminoglycosides in pre-clinical and clinical studies. | 2001-09 |
|
| Infective endocarditis due to an unusual serotype of Salmonella. | 2001-08-23 |
|
| Urinary excretion reflects lung deposition of aminoglycoside aerosols in cystic fibrosis. | 2001-08 |
|
| Comparison of 2 techniques for regional antibiotic delivery to the equine forelimb: intraosseous perfusion vs. intravenous perfusion. | 2001-08 |
|
| Optimizing antibiotic therapy in the intensive care unit setting. | 2001-08 |
|
| Once-a-day individualized amikacin dosing for suspected infection at birth based on population pharmacokinetic models. | 2001-08 |
|
| Serum pharmacokinetics and sputum penetration of amikacin 30 mg/kg once daily and of ceftazidime 200 mg/kg/day as a continuous infusion in cystic fibrosis patients. | 2001-08 |
|
| Role of megalin in renal handling of aminoglycosides. | 2001-08 |
|
| Arsenite-induced multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype in environmental isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica. | 2001-08 |
|
| Monotherapy with meropenem versus combination therapy with piperacillin plus amikacin as empiric therapy for neutropenic fever in children with lymphoma and solid tumors. | 2001-07-04 |
|
| Changes in electrovestibular brainstem responses after aminoglycoside intoxication in guinea pigs. | 2001-07 |
|
| Epidemiology and frequency of resistance among pathogens causing urinary tract infections in 1,510 hospitalized patients: a report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (North America). | 2001-07 |
|
| Interactions of colistin and rifampin on multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. | 2001-07 |
|
| Intravitreal antibiotics: the emergency kit. | 2001-07 |
|
| Treatment and outcome of nocardia keratitis. | 2001-07 |
|
| Clinical applications of a novel sustained-release injectable drug delivery system: DepoFoam technology. | 2001-06-23 |
|
| Penetration of amikacin into aqueous humor of rabbits. | 2001-06-16 |
|
| In vitro effect of amikacin, imipenem, cefodizime, IFNalpha-2a alone and combinations of antibiotics with IFNalpha-2a on polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in chronic hepatitis patients. | 2001-06-16 |
|
| Is levofloxacin as active as ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | 2001-06-16 |
|
| Epidemiologic Study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in critical patients and reservoirs. | 2001-06-08 |
|
| In vitro antimicrobial activity of the aminoglycoside arbekacin tested against oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Brazilian hospitals. | 2001-06 |
|
| Antibiotic susceptibility and phage typing of methicillin-resistant and -sensitive Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates at three periods during 1991-1997. | 2001-06 |
|
| Blood stream infections in a medical intensive care unit: spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility pattern. | 2001-06 |
|
| [Neonatal bacterial infections at the CUH of Dakar]. | 2001-06 |
|
| Cost-effectiveness of cefepime + netilmicin or ceftazidime + amikacin or meropenem monotherapy in febrile neutropenic children with malignancy in Turkey. | 2001-06 |
|
| Antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative non-fermentative bacteria at a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. | 2001-06 |
|
| Changing antibiotic sensitivity patterns at a university hospital, 1992 through 1999. | 2001-06 |
|
| Madura foot: treatment of Nocardia nova infection with antibiotics alone. | 2001-06 |
|
| The early bactericidal activity of amikacin in pulmonary tuberculosis. | 2001-06 |
|
| Translimbal approach for intravitreal injection in endophthalmitis after phacoemulsification. | 2001-06 |
|
| Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: results of a UK survey and evaluation of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy disc susceptibility test. | 2001-06 |
|
| Retinal vasculitis and posterior pole "hypopyons" as early signs of acute bacterial endophthalmitis. | 2001-06 |
|
| Nephrotoxicants induce endothelin release and signaling in renal proximal tubules: effect on drug efflux. | 2001-06 |
|
| Pharmacokinetic longitudinal studies of antibiotics administered via a permanent intraosseous device in micropigs. | 2001-06 |
|
| Bacterial isolates from blood and their susceptibility patterns in critically ill foals: 543 cases (1991-1998). | 2001-05-15 |
|
| [Functional characterization of a multiple-antibiotic resistant plasmid from clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus]. | 2001-05 |
|
| Streptococcus agalactiae endocarditis and giant pyomyoma simulating ovarian cancer. | 2001-05 |
|
| Antimicrobial effect of protein(s) isolated from a marine mollusc Telescopium telescopium. | 2001-04 |
|
| Pharmacokinetics of amikacin after single intravenous and intramuscular administration in calves. | 2001-04 |
|
| Mycobacterium fortuitum wound infection following laparoscopy. | 2001-03 |
|
| Meningoencephalitis caused by Bacillus cereus in a neonate. | 2001-03 |
|
| Study on antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria causing neonatal infections: a 12 year study (1987-1998). | 2001-03 |
|
| Efficacy and tolerability of piperacillin/tazobactam versus ceftazidime in association with amikacin for treating nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care patients: a prospective randomized multicenter trial. | 2001-03 |
|
| Antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycobacterium marinum determined by E-test and agar dilution. | 2001 |
|
| Treatment of mycobacterial exit-site infections in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. | 2001 |
|
| Occurrence of variants with temperature-dependent susceptibility (TDS) to antibiotics among Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical strains. | 2001 |
|
| A simple tool for monitoring nebulized amikacin treatments based on a single urine assay. | 2001 |
|
| Trends in antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from animals, foods of animal origin, and the environment of animal production in Canada, 1994-1997. | 2001 |
|
| [Evaluation of ototoxicity of amikacin (BB-K8) by animal test (author's transl)]. | 1975-06 |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=6ec3129b-c53b-4bdb-913d-a2d0060fa140
Curator's Comment: Intravenous Administration
The individual dose, the total daily dose, and the total cumulative dose of amikacin sulfate are identical to the dose recommended for intramuscular administration. The solution for intravenous use is prepared by adding the contents of a 500 mg vial to 100 or 200 mL of sterile diluent such as 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection or any other compatible solutions listed below. The solution is administered to adults over a 30 to 60 minute period. The total daily dose should not exceed 15 mg/kg/day and may be divided into either 2 or 3 equally-divided doses at equally-divided intervals.
Amikacin can also be given by inhalation - The usual dose for adults with CF is 250-500mg twice a day via nebulizer. http://torontoadultcf.com/medications/inhaled-amikacin
The recommended dosage for adults, children and older infants with normal renal function is 15 mg/kg/day divided into 2 or 3 equal doses administered at equally divided intervals, i.e., 7.5 mg/kg q12h or 5 mg/kg q8h. Treatment of patients in the heavier weight classes should not exceed 1.5 grams/day.
When amikacin is indicated in newborns, it is recommended that a loading dose of 10 mg/kg be administered initially to be followed with 7.5 mg/kg every 12 hours. The usual duration of treatment is 7 to 10 days. It is desirable to limit the duration of treatment to short-term whenever feasible. The total daily dose by all routes of administration should not exceed 15 mg/kg/day.
Route of Administration:
Intramuscular
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26855743
Curator's Comment: Eight P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from clinical samples of burned patients and standard strain ATCC 27853 were used. Amikacin at 4 ug/mL concentration induced lower rate of coccoid bacteria (55.05%). Amikacin had a strong bactericidal effect on coccoid bacteria at 8 ug/mL concentration.
Amikacin had a strong bactericidal effect on coccoid bacteria at 8 ug/mL concentration.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
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| Record UNII |
N6M33094FD
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Validated (UNII)
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
458114
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EU-Orphan Drug |
EU/3/06/387
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C2363
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AMIKACIN SULFATE
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PRIMARY | Description: White or almost white, crystalline powder. Solubility: Freely soluble in water, practically insoluble in acetone R or ethanol (~750 g/l) TS. Category: Antibacterial. Storage: Amikacin sulfate should be kept in a tightly closed container, or if sterile, in a hermetically closed container. Labelling: The label states:- whether the substance is the (1:2) sulfate or the (1:1.8) sulfate form,- the content in terms of Amikacin, calculated with reference to the dried and sulfate-free substance,- where applicable, that the substances is free from bacterial endotoxins,- where applicable, that the substance is sterile. | ||
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254-648-6
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DBSALT000351
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DTXSID601045247
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C230
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38351
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39831-55-5
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755846
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CHEMBL177
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m1670
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IMPURITY -> PARENT |
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IMPURITY -> PARENT |
Amikacin sulfate is a semi-synthetic product derived from a fermentation product, kanamycin A. Amikacin sulfate (1:2) contains not less than 96.5% and not more than 102.0% of amikacin sulfate (C22H43N5O13,2H2SO4), calculated with reference to the dried substance. Amikacin sulfate (1:1.8) contains not less than 96.5% and not more than 102.0% of amikacin sulfate (C22H43N5O13,1.8H2SO4), calculated with reference to the dried substance.
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
| Name | Property Type | Amount | Referenced Substance | Defining | Parameters | References |
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| Volume of Distribution | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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