Details
| Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
| Molecular Formula | C10H18O |
| Molecular Weight | 154.2493 |
| Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
| Defined Stereocenters | 3 / 3 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CC1(C)[C@@H]2CC[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](O)C2
InChI
InChIKey=DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N
InChI=1S/C10H18O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h7-8,11H,4-6H2,1-3H3/t7-,8+,10+/m1/s1
| Molecular Formula | C10H18O |
| Molecular Weight | 154.2493 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 3 / 3 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Borneol, a monoterpenoid alcohol, is a component of many essential oils. Barneol occurs in nature as a single enantiomer (d- or l-, depending on the oil type) or, less frequently, as the racemate. Several studies have proved the effectiveness of borneol. In Chinese medicines borneol has been used in relieving symptoms of anxiety, fatigue and insomnia; inducing anesthesia and analgesia to alleviate abdominal pain, wounds and burns; relieving rheumatic pain, hemorrhoids, skin diseases and ulcerations of the mouth, ears, eyes or nose; to treat sore throats and skin infections, and is mainly used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Borneol has a significant therapeutic effect on neuralgia. This compound is considered a GRAS approved by the FDA as food flavor. Additionally, borneol is a fragrance ingredient. GABAA, TRPV3, TRPM8 and TRPA1 have been identified as the molecular targets of borneol.
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: Q7Z2W7 Gene ID: 79054.0 Gene Symbol: TRPM8 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
65.0 µM [EC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2109244 |
248.0 µM [EC50] | ||
Target ID: Q8NET8 Gene ID: 162514.0 Gene Symbol: TRPV3 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
3.45 mM [EC50] | ||
Target ID: O75762 Gene ID: 8989.0 Gene Symbol: TRPA1 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
0.2 mM [IC50] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
68.02 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
25.94 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, nasal dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
15.56 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, oral dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
43.02 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL brain | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
8.96 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, nasal dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL brain | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
8.54 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, oral dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL brain | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
5.41 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24390748/ |
162.01 mg/kg single, oral dose: 162.01 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
632.34 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
573.42 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, nasal dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
271.81 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, oral dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
505.34 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL brain | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
345.48 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, nasal dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL brain | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
194.03 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, oral dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL brain | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
460.57 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24390748/ |
162.01 mg/kg single, oral dose: 162.01 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
107.99 min EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24390748/ |
162.01 mg/kg single, oral dose: 162.01 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
Overview
| CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
|---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
| Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| weak | ||||
| weak | ||||
| weak | ||||
| weak | ||||
| weak | ||||
| weak | ||||
| weak | ||||
| weak | ||||
| yes [IC50 0.098 uM] | ||||
| yes [IC50 2.1 uM] | ||||
| yes [Ki 9.5 uM] | ||||
| yes |
Drug as victim
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| no | ||||
| no | ||||
| no | ||||
| no | ||||
| no |
Tox targets
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Oil constituents of Artemisia nilagirica var. septentrionalis growing at different altitudes. | 2010-12 |
|
| Chemical investigation of the essential oil of Thymus linearis (Benth. ex Benth) from western Himalaya, India. | 2010-12 |
|
| Hepatoprotective potential of Decalepis hamiltonii (Wight and Arn) against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats. | 2010-10 |
|
| Biological activity of the essential oil of Kadsura longipedunculata (Schisandraceae) and its major components. | 2010-08 |
|
| Comparative analysis of essential oils of six Anthemis taxa from Serbia and Montenegro. | 2010-05 |
|
| Genetic variation in jasmonic acid- and spider mite-induced plant volatile emission of cucumber accessions and attraction of the predator Phytoseiulus persimilis. | 2010-05 |
|
| Investigation of the volatile fraction of rosemary infusion extracts. | 2010-04-29 |
|
| Nematicidal activity of monoterpenoids against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. | 2010-02 |
|
| [Study of components in xingnaojing affecting intestine absorption of gardenia extract]. | 2010-02 |
|
| Antimicrobial activity and essential oil composition of a new T. argyrophyllum (C. Koch) Tvzel var. argyrophyllum chemotype. | 2010 |
|
| Application of headspace solid phase microextraction for study of noncovalent interaction of borneol with human serum albumin. | 2009-11 |
|
| Sage tea drinking improves lipid profile and antioxidant defences in humans. | 2009-09-09 |
|
| [Oral absorption enhancers of Ophiopogon japonicas polysaccharides]. | 2009-06 |
|
| [Effects of borneol on pharmacokinetics of protocatechuic acid in rabbits]. | 2009-05 |
|
| [Study on natural borneol and synthetic borneol affecting mucosal permeability of gardenia extract]. | 2009-05 |
|
| Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil obtained from roots and chemical composition of the volatile constituents from the roots, stems, and leaves of Ballota nigra from Serbia. | 2009-04 |
|
| [Effect of borneol/mentholum eutectic mixture on nasal-brain delivery of neurotoxin loaded nanoparticles]. | 2009-03 |
|
| Essential oil variability in natural populations of Picea omorika, a rare European conifer. | 2009-02 |
|
| Phytotoxicity of constituents of glandular trichomes and the leaf surface of camphorweed, Heterotheca subaxillaris. | 2009-01 |
|
| Aqueous extracts of some medicinal plants are as toxic as Imidacloprid to the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. | 2009 |
|
| The oil-dispersion bath in anthroposophic medicine--an integrative review. | 2008-12-04 |
|
| [Characterization of chemical components of essential oil from flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium produced in Anhui province]. | 2008-10 |
|
| [Characterization of chemical components of essential oil from cupitulum of Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivated in Tongxiang city]. | 2008-03 |
|
| [Influence of borneol on nasal absorption of Ligustrazinee]. | 2008-02 |
|
| Absorptive profile of chlorogenic acid in rats. | 2007-09 |
|
| Bismuth subgallate/borneol (suile) is superior to bacitracin in the human forearm biopsy model for acute wound healing. | 2007-09 |
|
| Composition of the essential oil of Salvia officinalis L. from various European countries. | 2007-05 |
|
| Protective effect of (+/-) isoborneol against 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. | 2007 |
|
| Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Salvia macrochlamys and Salvia recognita essential oils. | 2006-09-06 |
|
| Promoting effect of borneol on the permeability of puerarin eye drops and timolol maleate eye drops through the cornea in vitro. | 2006-09 |
|
| Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Ambrosia trifida L. | 2006-07-25 |
|
| [Effect of absorption enhancers on nasal ginsenoside Rg1 delivery and its nasal ciliotoxicity]. | 2006-02 |
|
| [Near infrared spectrometry (NIRS) method for the determination of borneol in sustained-release drugs]. | 2006-01 |
|
| [Analysis of volatile constituents from Anemarrhena asphodeloides by GC-MS]. | 2005-11 |
|
| Enantiomeric excess determination by fourier transform near-infrared vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy: simulation of real-time process monitoring. | 2005-09 |
|
| Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Artemisia lavandulaefolia. | 2005-06 |
|
| Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Chrysanthemum indicum. | 2005-01-04 |
|
| Simultaneous expression of guinea pig UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B21 (UGT2B21) and 2B22 in COS-7 cells enhances UGT2B21-catalyzed chloramphenicol glucuronidation. | 2004-10 |
|
| The effect of applying a pipe-joint lubricant to connect ductile iron pipe on off-flavors in drinking water distribution systems. | 2004 |
|
| Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil of Artemisia iwayomogi. | 2003-12 |
|
| Essential oils from Mediterranean lamiaceae as weed germination inhibitors. | 2003-10-08 |
|
| [Studies on the quality standard of xingnao tinctures]. | 2003-08 |
|
| High-affinity monoclonal antibodies for detection of the microbial metabolite, 2-methylisoborneol. | 2003-06-18 |
|
| Fungicidal property of Curcuma longa L. rhizome-derived curcumin against phytopathogenic fungi in a greenhouse. | 2003-03-12 |
|
| Incorporation of [1-(13)C]1-deoxy-D-xylulose into isoprenoids of the liverwort Conocephalum conicum. | 2002-02 |
|
| Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Micromeria cristata subsp. phrygia and the enantiomeric distribution of borneol. | 2001-09 |
|
| Switching of a macromolecular helicity for visual distinction of molecular recognition events. | 2001-08-22 |
|
| Attractiveness of 79 compounds and mixtures to wild Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in field trials. | 2001-08 |
|
| [Historical study of a moth repellent, "Fujisawa Camphor" (2) manufacture of borneol]. | 2001 |
|
| Screening for new compounds with antiherpes activity. | 1984-10 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
25 % borneol (d-form) was applied topically as a single dose for 30-60 min.
Route of Administration:
Topical
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Mon Mar 31 19:26:59 GMT 2025
by
admin
on
Mon Mar 31 19:26:59 GMT 2025
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| Record UNII |
M89NIB437X
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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| Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
JECFA EVALUATION |
BORNEOL
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
754420
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60223
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m2610
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BORNEOL
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