BORNEOL

Details

Stereochemistry	RACEMIC
Molecular Formula	C10H18O
Molecular Weight	154.2493
Optical Activity	( + / - )
Defined Stereocenters	3 / 3
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

CC1(C)[C@@H]2CC[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](O)C2

InChI

InChIKey=DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N

InChI=1S/C10H18O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h7-8,11H,4-6H2,1-3H3/t7-,8+,10+/m1/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C10H18O
Molecular Weight	154.2493
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	3 / 3
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED

Description
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28396565

Borneol, a monoterpenoid alcohol, is a component of many essential oils. Barneol occurs in nature as a single enantiomer (d- or l-, depending on the oil type) or, less frequently, as the racemate. Several studies have proved the effectiveness of borneol. In Chinese medicines borneol has been used in relieving symptoms of anxiety, fatigue and insomnia; inducing anesthesia and analgesia to alleviate abdominal pain, wounds and burns; relieving rheumatic pain, hemorrhoids, skin diseases and ulcerations of the mouth, ears, eyes or nose; to treat sore throats and skin infections, and is mainly used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Borneol has a significant therapeutic effect on neuralgia. This compound is considered a GRAS approved by the FDA as food flavor. Additionally, borneol is a fragrance ingredient. GABAA, TRPV3, TRPM8 and TRPA1 have been identified as the molecular targets of borneol.

CNS Activity

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Potency
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 18 Target ID: Q7Z2W7 Gene ID: 79054.0 Gene Symbol: TRPM8 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28396565	Activator 1447	65.0 µM [EC50]
GABA-A receptor; agonist GABA site 13 Target ID: CHEMBL2109244 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28396565	Agonist 2752	248.0 µM [EC50]
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 3 12 Target ID: Q8NET8 Gene ID: 162514.0 Gene Symbol: TRPV3 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28396565	Activator 1447	3.45 mM [EC50]
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 38 Target ID: O75762 Gene ID: 8989.0 Gene Symbol: TRPA1 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28396565	Blocker 555	0.2 mM [IC50]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Postoperative pain 22 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28396565	Primary		Phase I 438	Unknown Approved Use Unknown

C_max

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
68.02 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/	30 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	BORNEOL plasma	Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
25.94 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/	30 mg/kg single, nasal dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	BORNEOL plasma	Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
15.56 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/	30 mg/kg single, oral dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	BORNEOL plasma	Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
43.02 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/	30 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	BORNEOL brain	Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
8.96 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/	30 mg/kg single, nasal dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	BORNEOL brain	Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
8.54 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/	30 mg/kg single, oral dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	BORNEOL brain	Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
5.41 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24390748/	162.01 mg/kg single, oral dose: 162.01 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	BORNEOL plasma	Rattus norvegicus population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED

AUC

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
632.34 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/	30 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	BORNEOL plasma	Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
573.42 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/	30 mg/kg single, nasal dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	BORNEOL plasma	Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
271.81 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/	30 mg/kg single, oral dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	BORNEOL plasma	Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
505.34 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/	30 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	BORNEOL brain	Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
345.48 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/	30 mg/kg single, nasal dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	BORNEOL brain	Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
194.03 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/	30 mg/kg single, oral dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	BORNEOL brain	Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
460.57 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24390748/	162.01 mg/kg single, oral dose: 162.01 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	BORNEOL plasma	Rattus norvegicus population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
107.99 min EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24390748/	162.01 mg/kg single, oral dose: 162.01 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		BORNEOL plasma	Rattus norvegicus population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
inhibitor 2252	inhibitor 2438	inhibitor 2507	inhibitor 2217

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
CYP2C19 2057 CYP2E1 1060 CES1 7 P-gp 1741 CES2 6 CYP2B6 926 CYP1A2 2153 CYP2A6 879 CYP2C8 1057	UGT1A1 479 UGT1A3 470 UGT1A6 343 UGT1A8 323 UGT1A9 423

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity
CYP1A2 2333	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18332082/	weak
CYP2A6 911	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18332082/	weak
CYP2C19 2141	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18332082/	weak
CYP2C8 1117	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18332082/	weak
CYP2C9 2497	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18332082/	weak
CYP2D6 2546	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18332082/	weak
CYP2E1 1146	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18332082/	weak
CYP3A4 2633	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18332082/	weak
CES1 7	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31323527/	yes [IC50 0.098 uM]
CES2 6	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31323527/	yes [IC50 2.1 uM]
CYP2B6 1160	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18332082/	yes [Ki 9.5 uM]
P-gp 1932	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29502118/	yes

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity
UGT1A1 479	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/64685#section=BioAssay-Results Page: 1.0	no
UGT1A3 470	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10836148/	no
UGT1A6 343	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10836148/	no
UGT1A8 323	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10836148/	no
UGT1A9 423	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10836148/	no

Tox targets

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
hERG 2263	inhibitor 2237 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31323527/

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
[Historical study of a moth repellent, "Fujisawa Camphor" (2) manufacture of borneol].	2001	11968216
[Determination of volatile constituents in guanxin suhe wan by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].	2002 Jul	12541931
GC/MS evaluation of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) oil composition and variations during the vegetative cycle.	2002 Jul 20	12093498
[Studies on the quality standard of xingnao tinctures].	2003 Aug	15015351
Synergistic effect of bismuth subgallate and borneol, the major components of Sulbogin, on the healing of skin wound.	2003 Aug	12895572
Erythema multiforme due to contact with weeds: a recurrence after patch testing.	2003 Jan	12641574
Fungicidal property of Curcuma longa L. rhizome-derived curcumin against phytopathogenic fungi in a greenhouse.	2003 Mar 12	12617587
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-dependent bioactivation of clofibric acid to a DNA-damaging intermediate in mouse hepatocytes.	2003 May 6	12686496
[Measurement of borneol based on near infrared spectroscopy].	2004 Feb	15769004
Conformational rigidification via derivatization facilitates the determination of absolute configuration using chiroptical spectroscopy: a case study of the chiral alcohol endo-borneol.	2005 Apr 15	15822957
Chemical composition and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities of the essential oil of Achillea ligustica all.	2005 Dec 28	16366708
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Artemisia lavandulaefolia.	2005 Jun	15971134
[Near infrared spectrometry (NIRS) method for the determination of borneol in sustained-release drugs].	2006 Jan	16827347
[Study on preparation of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound for borneolumsyntheticum from Huoxuezhitong capsules].	2006 Jan	16722324
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Ambrosia trifida L.	2006 Jul 25	17971726
Promoting effect of borneol on the permeability of puerarin eye drops and timolol maleate eye drops through the cornea in vitro.	2006 Sep	17020156
[Application of wavelength selection algorithm to measure the effective component of Chinese medicine based on near-infrared spectroscopy].	2006 Sep	17112030
Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Salvia macrochlamys and Salvia recognita essential oils.	2006 Sep 6	16939314
Protective effect of (+/-) isoborneol against 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells.	2007	17975304
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil from Artemisia feddei.	2007 Dec	18167456
Cross-attraction between an exotic and a native pine bark beetle: a novel invasion mechanism?	2007 Dec 12	18074026
Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of Grindelia robusta from Central Italy.	2007 Sep	17600634
Percutaneous permeation enhancement by terpenes: mechanistic view.	2008	18446512
[Characterization of chemical components of essential oil from cupitulum of Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivated in Tongxiang city].	2008 Mar	18590185
ThermoTRP channels in nociceptors: taking a lead from capsaicin receptor TRPV1.	2008 Mar	19305786
In vitro characterization of borneol metabolites by GC-MS upon incubation with rat liver microsomes.	2008 May-Jun	18492352
Fragrance material review on isoborneol.	2008 Nov	18640231
Fragrance material review on borneol.	2008 Nov	18640181
Aqueous extracts of some medicinal plants are as toxic as Imidacloprid to the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci.	2009	19613450
Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and essential oil composition of Thymus caramanicus from Iran.	2009 Aug	19769000
Phytotoxicity of constituents of glandular trichomes and the leaf surface of camphorweed, Heterotheca subaxillaris.	2009 Jan	19054533
[Study on natural borneol and synthetic borneol affecting mucosal permeability of gardenia extract].	2009 May	19673377
Radical Scavenging Activity of the Essential Oil of Silver Fir (Abies alba).	2009 May	19430614
Antimicrobial activity and essential oil composition of a new T. argyrophyllum (C. Koch) Tvzel var. argyrophyllum chemotype.	2010	20484836
Salvadora persica.	2010 Jul	22228963
Genetic variation in jasmonic acid- and spider mite-induced plant volatile emission of cucumber accessions and attraction of the predator Phytoseiulus persimilis.	2010 May	20383796

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

25 % borneol (d-form) was applied topically as a single dose for 30-60 min.

Route of Administration: Topical

In Vitro Use Guide

Peripheral sensory neurons were treated with 200 uM (~0.003%) borneol (d-form). The drug increased the Ca2+ signal in a subset of dorsal root ganglion neurons.

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 19:26:59 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 19:26:59 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	M89NIB437X
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

BORNEOLUM SYNTHETICUM

Preferred Name

English

BORNEOL

Official Name

English

ENDO-BORNEOL

Common Name

English

BORNEOL [MART.]

Common Name

English

BORNEOL [FCC]

Common Name

English

BORNEOL [FHFI]

Common Name

English

BORNEOL, (±)-

Systematic Name

English

BORNEOL, DL-

Common Name

English

BINGPIAN

Common Name

English

2-BORNEOL

Common Name

English

NSC-60223

Code

English

BORNEOL [HSDB]

Common Name

English

REL-(1S,2R,4S)-1,7,7-TRIMETHYLBICYCLO(2.2.1)HEPTAN-2-OL

Common Name

English

Borneol [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

FEMA NO. 2157

Code

English

BORNEOL [MI]

Common Name

English

HECHENGLONGNAO

Common Name

English

CAMPHOL

Common Name

English

BICYCLO(2.2.1)HEPTAN-2-OL, 1,7,7-TRIMETHYL-, ENDO-

Common Name

English

BORNEOL (CONSTITUENT OF BLACK PEPPER) [DSC]

Common Name

English

BORNEOLUM SYNTHETICUM [CHP]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

JECFA EVALUATION

BORNEOL