Details
Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
Molecular Formula | C10H18O |
Molecular Weight | 154.2493 |
Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
Defined Stereocenters | 3 / 3 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CC1(C)[C@@H]2CC[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](O)C2
InChI
InChIKey=DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N
InChI=1S/C10H18O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h7-8,11H,4-6H2,1-3H3/t7-,8+,10+/m1/s1
Molecular Formula | C10H18O |
Molecular Weight | 154.2493 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 3 / 3 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
DescriptionSources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28396565
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28396565
Borneol, a monoterpenoid alcohol, is a component of many essential oils. Barneol occurs in nature as a single enantiomer (d- or l-, depending on the oil type) or, less frequently, as the racemate. Several studies have proved the effectiveness of borneol. In Chinese medicines borneol has been used in relieving symptoms of anxiety, fatigue and insomnia; inducing anesthesia and analgesia to alleviate abdominal pain, wounds and burns; relieving rheumatic pain, hemorrhoids, skin diseases and ulcerations of the mouth, ears, eyes or nose; to treat sore throats and skin infections, and is mainly used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Borneol has a significant therapeutic effect on neuralgia. This compound is considered a GRAS approved by the FDA as food flavor. Additionally, borneol is a fragrance ingredient. GABAA, TRPV3, TRPM8 and TRPA1 have been identified as the molecular targets of borneol.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: Q7Z2W7 Gene ID: 79054.0 Gene Symbol: TRPM8 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28396565 |
65.0 µM [EC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2109244 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28396565 |
248.0 µM [EC50] | ||
Target ID: Q8NET8 Gene ID: 162514.0 Gene Symbol: TRPV3 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28396565 |
3.45 mM [EC50] | ||
Target ID: O75762 Gene ID: 8989.0 Gene Symbol: TRPA1 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28396565 |
0.2 mM [IC50] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
68.02 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
25.94 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, nasal dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
15.56 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, oral dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
43.02 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL brain | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
8.96 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, nasal dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL brain | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
8.54 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, oral dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL brain | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
5.41 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24390748/ |
162.01 mg/kg single, oral dose: 162.01 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
632.34 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
573.42 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, nasal dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
271.81 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, oral dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
505.34 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL brain | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
345.48 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, nasal dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL brain | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
194.03 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23225854/ |
30 mg/kg single, oral dose: 30 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL brain | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
460.57 μg × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24390748/ |
162.01 mg/kg single, oral dose: 162.01 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
107.99 min EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24390748/ |
162.01 mg/kg single, oral dose: 162.01 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BORNEOL plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
weak | ||||
weak | ||||
weak | ||||
weak | ||||
weak | ||||
weak | ||||
weak | ||||
weak | ||||
yes [IC50 0.098 uM] | ||||
yes [IC50 2.1 uM] | ||||
yes [Ki 9.5 uM] | ||||
yes |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Page: 1.0 |
no | |||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no |
Tox targets
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
[Historical study of a moth repellent, "Fujisawa Camphor" (2) manufacture of borneol]. | 2001 |
|
[Determination of volatile constituents in guanxin suhe wan by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry]. | 2002 Jul |
|
GC/MS evaluation of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) oil composition and variations during the vegetative cycle. | 2002 Jul 20 |
|
[Studies on the quality standard of xingnao tinctures]. | 2003 Aug |
|
Synergistic effect of bismuth subgallate and borneol, the major components of Sulbogin, on the healing of skin wound. | 2003 Aug |
|
Erythema multiforme due to contact with weeds: a recurrence after patch testing. | 2003 Jan |
|
Fungicidal property of Curcuma longa L. rhizome-derived curcumin against phytopathogenic fungi in a greenhouse. | 2003 Mar 12 |
|
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-dependent bioactivation of clofibric acid to a DNA-damaging intermediate in mouse hepatocytes. | 2003 May 6 |
|
[Measurement of borneol based on near infrared spectroscopy]. | 2004 Feb |
|
Conformational rigidification via derivatization facilitates the determination of absolute configuration using chiroptical spectroscopy: a case study of the chiral alcohol endo-borneol. | 2005 Apr 15 |
|
Chemical composition and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities of the essential oil of Achillea ligustica all. | 2005 Dec 28 |
|
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Artemisia lavandulaefolia. | 2005 Jun |
|
[Near infrared spectrometry (NIRS) method for the determination of borneol in sustained-release drugs]. | 2006 Jan |
|
[Study on preparation of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound for borneolumsyntheticum from Huoxuezhitong capsules]. | 2006 Jan |
|
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Ambrosia trifida L. | 2006 Jul 25 |
|
Promoting effect of borneol on the permeability of puerarin eye drops and timolol maleate eye drops through the cornea in vitro. | 2006 Sep |
|
[Application of wavelength selection algorithm to measure the effective component of Chinese medicine based on near-infrared spectroscopy]. | 2006 Sep |
|
Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Salvia macrochlamys and Salvia recognita essential oils. | 2006 Sep 6 |
|
Protective effect of (+/-) isoborneol against 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. | 2007 |
|
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil from Artemisia feddei. | 2007 Dec |
|
Cross-attraction between an exotic and a native pine bark beetle: a novel invasion mechanism? | 2007 Dec 12 |
|
Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of Grindelia robusta from Central Italy. | 2007 Sep |
|
Percutaneous permeation enhancement by terpenes: mechanistic view. | 2008 |
|
[Characterization of chemical components of essential oil from cupitulum of Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivated in Tongxiang city]. | 2008 Mar |
|
ThermoTRP channels in nociceptors: taking a lead from capsaicin receptor TRPV1. | 2008 Mar |
|
In vitro characterization of borneol metabolites by GC-MS upon incubation with rat liver microsomes. | 2008 May-Jun |
|
Fragrance material review on isoborneol. | 2008 Nov |
|
Fragrance material review on borneol. | 2008 Nov |
|
Aqueous extracts of some medicinal plants are as toxic as Imidacloprid to the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. | 2009 |
|
Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and essential oil composition of Thymus caramanicus from Iran. | 2009 Aug |
|
Phytotoxicity of constituents of glandular trichomes and the leaf surface of camphorweed, Heterotheca subaxillaris. | 2009 Jan |
|
[Study on natural borneol and synthetic borneol affecting mucosal permeability of gardenia extract]. | 2009 May |
|
Radical Scavenging Activity of the Essential Oil of Silver Fir (Abies alba). | 2009 May |
|
Antimicrobial activity and essential oil composition of a new T. argyrophyllum (C. Koch) Tvzel var. argyrophyllum chemotype. | 2010 |
|
Salvadora persica. | 2010 Jul |
|
Genetic variation in jasmonic acid- and spider mite-induced plant volatile emission of cucumber accessions and attraction of the predator Phytoseiulus persimilis. | 2010 May |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28396565
25 % borneol (d-form) was applied topically as a single dose for 30-60 min.
Route of Administration:
Topical
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28396565
Peripheral sensory neurons were treated with 200 uM (~0.003%) borneol (d-form). The drug increased the Ca2+ signal in a subset of dorsal root ganglion neurons.
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Mon Mar 31 19:26:59 GMT 2025
by
admin
on
Mon Mar 31 19:26:59 GMT 2025
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Record UNII |
M89NIB437X
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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JECFA EVALUATION |
BORNEOL
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
754420
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60223
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m2610
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M89NIB437X
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BORNEOL
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M89NIB437X
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946
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507-70-0
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C022871
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1368202
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DB11288
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208-080-0
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PARENT -> CONSTITUENT ALWAYS PRESENT |
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PARENT -> CONSTITUENT ALWAYS PRESENT |
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