Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C16H24N2O.ClH |
Molecular Weight | 296.836 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
Cl.CC1=C(CC2=NCCN2)C(C)=C(O)C(=C1)C(C)(C)C
InChI
InChIKey=BEEDODBODQVSIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C16H24N2O.ClH/c1-10-8-13(16(3,4)5)15(19)11(2)12(10)9-14-17-6-7-18-14;/h8,19H,6-7,9H2,1-5H3,(H,17,18);1H
Molecular Formula | ClH |
Molecular Weight | 36.461 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Molecular Formula | C16H24N2O |
Molecular Weight | 260.3746 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionSources: https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00935Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.drugs.com/monograph/oxymetazoline-hydrochloride.html
Sources: https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00935
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.drugs.com/monograph/oxymetazoline-hydrochloride.html
Oxymetazoline is an adrenergic alpha-agonist, direct acting sympathomimetic, used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion The sympathomimetic action of oxymetazoline constricts the smaller arterioles of the nasal passages, producing a prolonged (up to 12 hours), gentle and decongesting effect. Oxymetazoline elicits relief of conjunctival hyperemia by causing vasoconstriction of superficial conjunctival blood vessels. The drug's action has been demonstrated in acute allergic conjunctivitis and in chemical (chloride) conjunctivitis. Oxymetazoline is self-medication for temporary relief of nasal congestion associated with the common cold, hay fever, or other upper respiratory allergies. Oxymetazoline is available over-the-counter as a topical decongestant in the form of oxymetazoline hydrochloride in nasal sprays such as Afrin, Operil, Dristan, Dimetapp, oxyspray, Facimin, Nasivin, Nostrilla, Sudafed OM, Vicks Sinex, Zicam, SinuFrin, and Mucinex Full Force. Due to its vasoconstricting properties, oxymetazoline is also used to treat nose bleeds and eye redness.
CNS Activity
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/620441 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7437906
Curator's Comment: Oxymetazoline does not cross the blood brain barrier
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2095203 |
4.96 null [pEC50] | ||
0.29 nM [Ki] | |||
Target ID: CHEMBL214 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1678720 |
7.73 null [pEC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL1983 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1678720 |
7.35 null [pEC50] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Palliative | Oxymetazoline Hydrochloride Approved UseTemporary relief of nasal congestion (due to a cold, hay fever, or other upper respiratory allergies) and sinus congestion/pressure. Launch Date1989 |
|||
Primary | OCUCLEAR Approved UseRelief of redness of eye due to minor eye irritations Launch Date1986 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
60.5 pg/mL |
3 mg single, topical dose: 3 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
OXYMETAZOLINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
1.78 ng/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.fda.gov/media/98992/download |
0.3 mg single, nasal dose: 0.3 mg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: Tetracaine |
OXYMETAZOLINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
895 pg × h/mL |
3 mg single, topical dose: 3 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
OXYMETAZOLINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
4.24 ng × h/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.fda.gov/media/98992/download |
0.3 mg single, nasal dose: 0.3 mg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: Tetracaine |
OXYMETAZOLINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
5.23 h DRUG LABEL https://www.fda.gov/media/98992/download |
0.3 mg single, nasal dose: 0.3 mg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: Tetracaine |
OXYMETAZOLINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
0.05 % single, intranasal Dose: 0.05 % Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 0.05 % Sources: |
unhealthy, 4 years |
Other AEs: Hypertensive crisis... |
1 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Disc. AE: Application site dermatitis, Application site erythema... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Application site dermatitis (1.4%) Sources: Application site erythema (0.5%) Application site pain (0.5%) Application site dryness (0.2%) Hypoesthesia (0.2%) Paresthesia (0.2%) Rash (0.2%) Urticaria (0.2%) Photosensitivity reaction (0.2%) |
1.5 % 2 times / day multiple, topical Highest studied dose Dose: 1.5 %, 2 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1.5 %, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Hypertensive crisis | 1 patient | 0.05 % single, intranasal Dose: 0.05 % Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 0.05 % Sources: |
unhealthy, 4 years |
Application site dryness | 0.2% Disc. AE |
1 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Hypoesthesia | 0.2% Disc. AE |
1 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Paresthesia | 0.2% Disc. AE |
1 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Photosensitivity reaction | 0.2% Disc. AE |
1 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Rash | 0.2% Disc. AE |
1 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Urticaria | 0.2% Disc. AE |
1 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Application site erythema | 0.5% Disc. AE |
1 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Application site pain | 0.5% Disc. AE |
1 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Application site dermatitis | 1.4% Disc. AE |
1 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1 %, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 53.1 years (range: 19–81 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Page: 6.0 |
no | |||
Page: 6.0 |
no | |||
Page: 6.0 |
no | |||
Page: 6.0 |
no | |||
Page: 6.0 |
no | |||
Page: 6.0 |
no | |||
Page: 6.0 |
no | |||
Page: 6.0 |
no | |||
Page: 6.0 |
no | |||
Page: 6.0 |
no |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21177487/ Page: 7.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21177487/ Page: 7.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21177487/ Page: 7.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21177487/ Page: 7.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21177487/ Page: 7.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21177487/ Page: 7.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21177487/ Page: 7.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21177487/ Page: 7.0 |
no | |||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
yes | ||||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21177487/; Page: 7.0 |
yes | no (co-administration study) Comment: concomitant oral moderate CYP2C19 inhibitors (e.g., esomeprazole, fluoxetine, and omeprazole): the results did not indicate an increase in oxymetazoline exposure associated with coadministration of oral moderate CYP2C19 inhibitors Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21177487/; Page: 7.0 |
Tox targets
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208552Orig1s000PharmR.pdf#page=19 Page: 19.0 |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Hypertonic saline nasal provocation and acoustic rhinometry. | 2002 Apr |
|
Increased nasal mucosal swelling in subjects with asthma. | 2002 Jan |
|
The stability of oxymetazoline hydrochloride in aqueous solution. | 2002 Jan-Feb |
|
Acute exudative inflammation and nasally exhaled nitric oxide are two independent phenomena. | 2002 Jan-Feb |
|
Segmental analysis of nasal cavity compliance by acoustic rhinometry. | 2002 Jul |
|
Naphazoline-induced neuroendocrine changes: increases in ANP and cGMP levels, but suppression of NE, 3H-NE, and cAMP levels in rabbit eyes. | 2002 Jul |
|
Improved strategies and new treatment options for allergic rhinitis. | 2002 Jun |
|
Intracellular sodium modulates the state of protein kinase C phosphorylation of rat proximal tubule Na+,K+-ATPase. | 2002 Jun |
|
Effects of oxymetazoline on the ventilation of paranasal sinuses in healthy subjects. | 2002 Mar-Apr |
|
Desensitization of alpha(2)-adrenoceptors which regulate noradrenaline synthesis and release after chronic treatment with clorgyline in the rat brain. | 2002 May |
|
Search of antimicrobial activity of selected non-antibiotic drugs. | 2002 Nov-Dec |
|
Topical nasal anesthesia for transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy: a prospective, double-blind, cross-over study. | 2003 Apr |
|
alpha 2B-Adrenoceptor levels govern agonist and inverse agonist responses in PC12 cells. | 2003 Aug 15 |
|
Evidence for nonadrenoceptor responses to imidazoline derivatives in the porcine isolated rectal artery. | 2003 Dec |
|
Alpha(2A)-adrenergic versus imidazoline receptor controversy in rilmenidine's action: alpha(2A)-antagonism in humans versus alpha(2A)-agonism in rabbits. | 2003 Dec |
|
Effects of acute, repeated and chronic variable stress on in vivo tyrosine hydroxylase activity and on alpha(2)-adrenoceptor sensitivity in the rat brain. | 2003 Dec |
|
5-HT7 receptor-mediated relaxation of the oviduct in nonpregnant proestrus pigs. | 2003 Feb 14 |
|
Contractile actions of imidazoline alpha-adrenoceptor agonists and effects of noncompetitive alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists in human vas deferens. | 2003 Feb 21 |
|
Functional characterisation of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors in denervated rat vas deferens. | 2003 Jul |
|
Central serous chorioretinopathy associated with administration of sympathomimetic agents. | 2003 Jul |
|
Stroke associated with sympathomimetics contained in over-the-counter cough and cold drugs. | 2003 Jul |
|
Alpha 2 adrenoceptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition of primary afferent glutamatergic transmission in rat substantia gelatinosa neurons. | 2003 Mar |
|
[The use of oxymetazoline in nasal endoscopic sinus surgery]. | 2003 May |
|
[Acute exposure to imidazoline derivatives in children]. | 2003 Nov-Dec |
|
[Tolerance and effectiveness of oxymetazoline and xylometazoline in treatment of acute rhinitis]. | 2003 Oct |
|
Oxymetazoline nasal spray three times daily for four weeks in normal subjects is not associated with rebound congestion or tachyphylaxis. | 2003 Sep |
|
Synthesis and identification of two potential oxidation degradants of oxymetazoline. | 2004 |
|
Intranasal drug delivery: an alternative to intravenous administration in selected emergency cases. | 2004 Apr |
|
Antimuscarinic action of oxymetazoline on human intraocular muscles. | 2004 Aug |
|
Behavioral effects of serotonin and serotonin agonists in two crayfish species, Procambarus clarkii and Orconectes rusticus. | 2004 Dec |
|
Safety review of benzalkonium chloride used as a preservative in intranasal solutions: an overview of conflicting data and opinions. | 2004 Jan |
|
Human alpha1D-adrenoceptor phosphorylation and desensitization. | 2004 May 15 |
|
The Janus faces of adrenoceptors: factors controlling the coupling of adrenoceptors to multiple signal transduction pathways. | 2004 Nov |
|
Use of mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray in the treatment of rhinitis medicamentosa: an experimental study. | 2005 Apr |
|
Oxymetazoline solutions inhibit middle ear pathogens and are not ototoxic. | 2005 Aug |
|
Differential distribution of functional alph}1-adrenergic receptor subtypes along the rat tail artery. | 2005 Aug |
|
Characterisation of alpha2-adrenoceptor subtypes involved in gastric emptying, gastric motility and gastric mucosal defence. | 2005 Dec 28 |
|
Oxymetazoline is equivalent to ciprofloxacin in preventing postoperative otorrhea or tympanostomy tube obstruction. | 2005 Feb |
|
An assessment for the presence of bacterial contamination of Venturi principle atomizers in a clinical setting. | 2005 Jan-Feb |
|
[Usefulness of fenspiride in the treatment of acute otitis media in children]. | 2005 Jun |
|
Otic barotrauma from air travel. | 2005 May |
|
Clinical images: Afrin-induced central nervous system vasospasm and thunderclap headache. | 2005 Oct |
|
[Investigation of the effect of oxymetazoline on the duration of rhinitis]. | 2005 Oct 13 |
|
[Investigation of the effect of oxymetazoline on the duration of rhinitis. results of a placebo-controlled double-blind study in patients with acute rhinitis]. | 2005 Oct 6 |
|
[The observation of the ciliotoxicity of nasal mucosa with nasal decongestant]. | 2005 Sep |
|
Pharmacological characterization of postjunctional alpha-adrenoceptors in human nasal mucosa. | 2005 Sep-Oct |
|
Oxymetazoline inhibits proinflammatory reactions: effect on arachidonic acid-derived metabolites. | 2006 Feb |
|
In situ gelling, bioadhesive nasal inserts for extended drug delivery: in vitro characterization of a new nasal dosage form. | 2006 Jan |
|
Human breast cell lines exhibit functional alpha2-adrenoceptors. | 2006 Jul |
|
Simultaneous determination of triamcinolone acetonide and oxymetazoline hydrochloride in nasal spray formulations by HPLC. | 2006 Mar 18 |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Curator's Comment: Ophthalmic use or intranasal:
Intranasal Administration
Administer nasal solution intranasally as sprays or nasal pumps.
Prior to initial use of metered sprays, prime nasal inhaler by depressing the pump firmly several times.
Administer nasal spray or pump into each nostril while head is erect.
Ophthalmic Administration
Administer ophthalmic solution topically to the conjunctiva.
Pediatric Patients
Nasal Congestion
Intranasal
For self-medication in children ≥6 years of age: 2 or 3 sprays of a 0.05% nasal solution in each nostril every 10–12 hours (usually in the morning and evening), up to 2 times daily.
Conjunctival Congestion
Ophthalmic
For self-medication in children ≥6 years of age: 1 or 2 drops of a 0.025% ophthalmic solution in the affected eye(s) every 6 hours as needed.
Adults
Nasal Congestion
Intranasal
For self-medication: 2 or 3 sprays of a 0.05% nasal solution in each nostril every 10–12 hours (usually in the morning and evening), up to 2 times daily.
Conjunctival Congestion
Ophthalmic
For self-medication: 1 or 2 drops of a 0.025% ophthalmic solution in the affected eye(s) every 6 hours as needed.
Route of Administration:
Nasal
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18666692
Oxymetazoline had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on cultured human nasal CBF from 0.25 to 2.00 g/L.
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
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Mon Mar 31 17:35:56 GMT 2025
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on
Mon Mar 31 17:35:56 GMT 2025
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Record UNII |
K89MJ0S5VY
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C29709
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CFR |
21 CFR 341.20
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EU-Orphan Drug |
EU/3/17/1892
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66259
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m8335
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7863
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DTXSID80177729
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CHEMBL762
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K89MJ0S5VY
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106101
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219-015-0
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100000090269
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C29313
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1486004
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SUB03589MIG
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
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