COLCHICINE SALICYLATE

First marketed in 1921

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C22H25NO6.C7H6O3
Molecular Weight	537.5589
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	1 / 1
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

CC(=N[C@@]1([H])CCc2cc(c(c(c2-c3ccc(c(=O)cc31)OC)OC)OC)OC)O.c1ccc(c(c1)C(=O)O)O

InChI

InChIKey=FJDBYGKCGURUGE-NTISSMGPSA-N

InChI=1S/C22H25NO6.C7H6O3/c1-12(24)23-16-8-6-13-10-19(27-3)21(28-4)22(29-5)20(13)14-7-9-18(26-2)17(25)11-15(14)16;8-6-4-2-1-3-5(6)7(9)10/h7,9-11,16H,6,8H2,1-5H3,(H,23,24);1-4,8H,(H,9,10)/t16-;/m0./s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C7H6O3
Molecular Weight	138.121
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Molecular Formula	C22H25NO6
Molecular Weight	399.4378
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	1 / 1
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED

Description
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/pro/colchicine.html

Colchicine is an alkaloid obtained from the plant colchicum autumnale (also known as "meadow saffron"). Colchicine is an alternative medication for those unable to tolerate NSAIDs in gout. Mechanism of action of colchicine is inhibition of microtubule polymerization by binding to tubulin. Availability of tubulin is essential to mitosis, so colchicine effectively unctions as a "mitotic poison" or spindle poison.

CNS Activity

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Tubulin 65 Target ID: CHEMBL2095182 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26132075	Inhibitor 7728

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Gout 26 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/pro/colchicine.html	Preventing		Approved 8043	COLCRYS Approved Use Colchicine capsules are indicated for prophylaxis of gout flares in adults. Colchicine disrupts the polymerization of β-tubulin into microtubules, thereby preventing the activation, degranulation, and migration of neutrophils to sites of inflammation. Launch Date 1.24891195E12
Familial mediterranean fever 2 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/022351lbl.pdf	Primary		Approved 8043	COLCRYS Approved Use Colchicine is indicated for Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) in adults and children 4 years or older Launch Date 1.24891195E12

C_max

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
1.68 ng/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/210942s000lbl.pdf	0.6 mg single, oral dose: 0.6 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	COLCHICINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: FED
2.16 ng/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/210942s000lbl.pdf	0.6 mg single, oral dose: 0.6 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	COLCHICINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: FASTED
2023.29 pg/mL Clinical Trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00960323	0.6 mg single, oral dose: 0.6 mg route of administration: oral experiment type: single co-administered:	COLCHICINE plasma	Homo sapiens

AUC

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
18.47 ng × h/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/210942s000lbl.pdf	0.6 mg single, oral dose: 0.6 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	COLCHICINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: FED
19.9 ng × h/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/210942s000lbl.pdf	0.6 mg single, oral dose: 0.6 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	COLCHICINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: FASTED
8717.33 pg*h/mL Clinical Trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00960323	0.6 mg single, oral dose: 0.6 mg route of administration: oral experiment type: single co-administered:	COLCHICINE plasma	Homo sapiens

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
30.54 h DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/210942s000lbl.pdf	0.6 mg single, oral dose: 0.6 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		COLCHICINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: FED
31.04 h DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/210942s000lbl.pdf	0.6 mg single, oral dose: 0.6 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		COLCHICINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: FASTED

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
61% DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/210942s000lbl.pdf			COLCHICINE serum	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
50 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 50 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 50 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33128536	unknown, 42 years n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: 42 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33128536	Other AEs: Myelosuppression... Other AEs: Myelosuppression (grade 4, 1 patient) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33128536
3 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral MTD Dose: 3 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 3 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30604205/	unhealthy, 44 years (range: 39.5–48.5 years) n = 15 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: familial Mediterranean fever Age Group: 44 years (range: 39.5–48.5 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 15 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30604205/	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30604205/
1 mg 1 times / week multiple, intravenous Dose: 1 mg, 1 times / week Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 1 mg, 1 times / week Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30604205	unhealthy, 44 years (range: 39.5–48.5 years) n = 15 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: familial Mediterranean fever Age Group: 44 years (range: 39.5–48.5 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 15 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30604205	Other AEs: Nausea, Vomiting... Other AEs: Nausea (27%) Vomiting (13%) Diarrhea (20%) Injection site reactions (20%) Myalgia (27%) Arthralgia (7%) Allergic reaction (7%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30604205
12 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 12 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 12 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31348292	unknown, 56 years n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: 56 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31348292	Other AEs: Rhabdomyolysis... Other AEs: Rhabdomyolysis (grade 5, 1 patient) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31348292
1 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17692130	unhealthy, 79 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 79 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17692130	Disc. AE: Acute pancreatitis, Epigastric pain... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Acute pancreatitis (1 patient) Epigastric pain (severe, 1 patient) Nausea (1 patient) Vomiting (1 patient) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17692130
0.6 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 0.6 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.6 mg, 2 times / day Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01985425	unhealthy n = 49 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thoracic Surgery Population Size: 49 Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01985425	Other AEs: Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Fall... Other AEs: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (serious, 3 patients) Fall (serious, 2 patients) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01985425

AEs

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
substrate 1601	substrate 936	substrate 1118

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
	CYP2A6 485 CYP2C19 910 CYP2E1 606 P-gp 1400

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity	Clinical evidence
CYP2A6 485	substrate 3113 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8960070/	no
CYP2C19 910	substrate 3113 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8960070/	no
CYP2C9 936	substrate 3113 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8960070/	no
CYP2D6 1118	substrate 3113 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8960070/	no
CYP2E1 606	substrate 3113 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8960070/	no
P-gp 1400	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/210942s000lbl.pdf#page=2; https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/204820Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=11 Page: 2.0	yes	likely (co-administration study) Comment: Although there are no published case reports for colchicine toxicity when co-administered with the 4 inhibitors that the sponsor employed, i.e., voriconazole, fluconazole, cimetidine and propafenone, several published case reports indicate that colchicine toxicity is observed when it is co-administered with drugs that are potent inhibitors of both P-gp and CYP3A4 (e.g., clarithromycin, ketoconazole) as well as potent P-gp inhibitors (e.g., cyclosporine). Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/210942s000lbl.pdf#page=2; https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/204820Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=11 Page: 2.0
CYP3A4 1601	substrate 3113 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/210942s000lbl.pdf#page=2; https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/204820Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=11 Page: 2.0	yes	yes (co-administration study) Comment: Co-administration with posaconazole (considered a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor) increased AUC of colchcine by approximately 3-fold; Although there are no published case reports for colchicine toxicity when co-administered with the 4 inhibitors that the sponsor employed, i.e., voriconazole, fluconazole, cimetidine and propafenone, several published case reports indicate that colchicine toxicity is observed when it is co-administered with drugs that are potent inhibitors of both P-gp and CYP3A4 (e.g., clarithromycin, ketoconazole) and strong to moderate inhibitors of CYP3A4 (e.g., grapefruit juice, erythromycin). Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/210942s000lbl.pdf#page=2; https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/204820Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=11 Page: 2.0

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:23359	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:23359
MolPort	MolPort-001-785-612	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-001-785-612
eMolecules	1970918	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=1970918
eMolecules	729203	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=729203

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed

Colchicine-induced lesions in the rat duodenum.	1975	171611
Evaluation of natural products as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase.	1991 Jan-Feb	1710653
Serum interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in primary biliary cirrhosis: decrease by colchicine and relationship to HLA-DR4.	1992 Apr	1553933
[Toxic myopathy with kidney failure as a colchicine side effect ifn familial Mediterranean fever].	1992 Aug 14	1499522
Colchicine myoneuropathy and renal dysfunction.	1992 Dec	1485821
Colchicine-induced myoneuropathy in a renal transplant patient.	1992 Jun	1604496
Abstracts of the Fourth International Symposium on Molecular Insect Science. May 28-June 2, 2002. Tucson, Arizona, USA.	2002	15455051
Colchicine-induced rhabdomyolysis in a patient with chronic heart failure.	2003 Dec	14713183
Lithium prevents colchicine-induced apoptosis in rat cerebellar granule neurons.	2004 Apr	15005753
Cytoskeletal myotoxicity from simvastatin and colchicine.	2004 Dec	15389652
Analysis of ATP-binding cassette transporter expression in drug-selected cell lines by a microarray dedicated to multidrug resistance.	2004 Dec	15342794
RLIP76 (RALBP1)-mediated transport of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) in cancer cells: implications in drug resistance.	2004 Dec 20	15386349
Severe respiratory muscle weakness related to long-term colchicine therapy.	2004 Feb	14744269
Effects of colchicine on liver functions of cirrhotic rats: beneficial effects result from stellate cell inactivation and inhibition of TGF beta1 expression.	2004 Jan 15	14726149
[Abdominal pain and recurrent cholestatic jaundice].	2004 Jun 9	15318531
Acute poisoning with autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale L.).	2004 Mar 31	15088997
Establishment of a P-glycoprotein substrate screening model and its preliminary application.	2004 May 1	15112361
[Experimental study on Sorbaria sorbifolia extract against chronic liver damage in rats].	2004 Oct	15850357
Celastraceae sesquiterpenes as a new class of modulators that bind specifically to human P-glycoprotein and reverse cellular multidrug resistance.	2004 Oct 1	15466210
RhoA/ROCK and Cdc42 regulate cell-cell contact and N-cadherin protein level during neurodetermination of P19 embryonal stem cells.	2004 Sep 5	15281068
Implication of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in the neuroprotective properties of lithium.	2005	15979805
Monozygotic twins concordant for intestinal Behçet's disease.	2005 Apr	15870978
[Acute coronary syndrome after diclofenac induced coronary spasm].	2005 Apr	15803264
Establishment and characterization of new cellular lymphoma model expressing transgenic human MDR1.	2005 Apr	15725475
Fatal interaction between clarithromycin and colchicine in patients with renal insufficiency: a retrospective study.	2005 Aug 1	16007523
Induction of resistance to Aplidin in a human ovarian cancer cell line related to MDR expression.	2005 Dec	16258264
Acute myopathy in a patient with concomitant use of pravastatin and colchicine.	2005 Jul-Aug	15914514
Chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of healthy subjects and risk of cancer.	2005 May	15866756
Acute renal failure associated with an accidental overdose of colchicine.	2005 Oct	16240705
[Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus induced by colchicine--a case report].	2005 Sep	16708563
[A case report of acute neuromyopathy induced by concomitant use of colchicine and bezafibrate].	2005 Sep	16248366
Tetraparesis associated with colchicine is probably due to inhibition by verapamil of the P-glycoprotein efflux pump in the blood-brain barrier.	2005 Sep 17	16148013
An unusual cause of renal amyloidosis secondary to gout: the first description of familial occurrence.	2006	17065112
Expression of corticosterone-binding globulin in the rat hypothalamus.	2006 Apr	16700006
Colchicine myoneuropathy in chronic renal failure patients with gout.	2006 Apr	16669978
Involvement of cytoskeleton in AhR-dependent CYP1A1 expression.	2006 Apr	16611024
Preplaced cell division: a critical mechanism of autoprotection against S-1,2-dichlorovinyl-L-cysteine-induced acute renal failure and death in mice.	2006 Aug	16495211
Colchicine and HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors induced myopathy-a case report.	2006 Dec	17049607
Comparison of the mutagenic potential of 17 physical and chemical agents analyzed by the flow cytometry mutation assay.	2006 Dec 1	17045307
Colchicine therapy and the cognitive status of elderly patients with familial Mediterranean fever.	2006 Jul	16889161
Pharmacologic reductions of total tau levels; implications for the role of microtubule dynamics in regulating tau expression.	2006 Jul 26	16930453
[Effect of the ethyl acetate extract of zhi ju zi on serum makers and the expression of TGF-beta1 in rats with hepatic fibrosis].	2006 Jun	17039882
Sweet's syndrome from an Indian perspective: a report of four cases and review of the literature.	2006 Jun	16796632
A role for mixed lineage kinases in granule cell apoptosis induced by cytoskeletal disruption.	2006 Mar	16478524
Synthesis and biological evaluation of B-ring modified colchicine and isocolchicine analogs.	2006 May 15	16504507
Cyclosporine not the only agent to cause Guillain-Barré-like syndrome after solid-organ transplant.	2006 Nov	17097509
Microtubules are required for NF-kappaB nuclear translocation in neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells: modulation by zinc.	2006 Oct	17029595
Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol against intracerebroventricular colchicine-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in rats.	2007	17135773
Zinc and the cytoskeleton in the neuronal modulation of transcription factor NFAT.	2007 Jan	17044076

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

For prophylaxis of gout flares, the recommended dosage of Colchicine capsules is 0.6 mg once or twice daily. The maximum dose is 1.2 mg per day. Colchicine capsules are administered orally, without regard to meals.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Inhibition of the polymerization of brain tubulin was evaluated. Solution of compound in DMSO in serial dilutions was prepared. Reaction mixture contained 0.25 mg of tubulin, 1.0 M monosodium glutamate and approptiate drug concentrations. The reaction mixtures were incubated at 37 °C for 15 min to allow slow binding drugs like colchicine to bind to the tubulin. The reaction mixtures were then chilled on ice, and the polymerization reaction was followed turbidimetrically for 20 min. Polymer formation was confirmed by evaluation of depolymerization at 0°C. Extent of inhibition of polymerization at 20 min in drug-treated samples was always calculated by comparing them to a pair of drug-free samples in each experimental set.

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Sat Jun 26 13:30:55 UTC 2021` Edited by `admin` on `Sat Jun 26 13:30:55 UTC 2021`
Record UNII	I59XKK41WY
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
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Name

Type

Language

COLCHICINE SALICYLATE

Common Name

English

SALICYLATED COLCHICINE

Common Name

English

Code System Code Type Description

PUBCHEM

25113322