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Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula 2C18H37N5O9.5H2O4S
Molecular Weight 1425.421
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters 28 / 28
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of TOBRAMYCIN SULFATE

SMILES

OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O.[H][C@]3(O[C@@H]1[C@@H](N)C[C@@H](N)[C@H](O[C@@]2([H])O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)[C@H]2O)[C@H]1O)O[C@H](CN)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3N.[H][C@]6(O[C@@H]4[C@@H](N)C[C@@H](N)[C@H](O[C@@]5([H])O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)[C@H]5O)[C@H]4O)O[C@H](CN)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]6N

InChI

InChIKey=NZKFUBQRAWPZJP-BXKLGIMVSA-N
InChI=1S/2C18H37N5O9.5H2O4S/c2*19-3-9-8(25)2-7(22)17(29-9)31-15-5(20)1-6(21)16(14(15)28)32-18-13(27)11(23)12(26)10(4-24)30-18;5*1-5(2,3)4/h2*5-18,24-28H,1-4,19-23H2;5*(H2,1,2,3,4)/t2*5-,6+,7+,8-,9+,10+,11-,12+,13+,14-,15+,16-,17+,18+;;;;;/m00...../s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula H2O4S
Molecular Weight 98.078
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Molecular Formula C18H37N5O9
Molecular Weight 467.5145
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 14 / 14
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED

Description
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several resourses, including http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00684

Tobramycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces tenebrarius, it is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the pseudomonas species. Tobramycin is used in combination with other antibiotics to treat urinary tract infections, gynecologic infections, peritonitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, bacteremia and sepsis, respiratory infections including those associated with cystic fibrosis, osteomyelitis, and diabetic foot and other soft-tissue infections. It acts primarily by disrupting protein synthesis, leading to altered cell membrane permeability, progressive disruption of the cell envelope, and eventual cell death. Tobramycin has in vitro activity against a wide range of gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Tobramycin binds irreversibly to one of two aminoglycoside binding sites on the 30 S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Tobramycin may also destabilize bacterial memebrane by binding to 16 S 16 S r-RNA. An active transport mechanism for aminoglycoside uptake is necessary in the bacteria in order to attain a significant intracellular concentration of tobramycin. KITABIS PAK (co-packaging of tobramycin inhalation solution and PARI LC PLUS Reusable Nebulizer) is indicated for the management of cystic fibrosis in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with P. aeruginosa.

CNS Activity

Curator's Comment: Poor penetrability of tobramycin through the blood-CSF barrier was shown.

Originator

Curator's Comment: Tobramycin is the generic ingredient in eleven branded drugs marketed by Amneal Pharms, Chiesi Usa Inc, Akorn Inc, Fera Pharms, Pulmoflow Inc, Alcon, Alcon Labs Inc, Bausch And Lomb, Novartis Pharms, Alcon Pharms Ltd, Apotex Inc, Novartis, Teva Pharms Usa, Akorn, Lilly, Mylan Labs Ltd, Hospira, Hikma Maple , X Gen Pharms, Igi Labs Inc, Fresenius Kabi Usa, Apothecon, Watson Labs Inc, and Xellia Pharms Aps, and is included in forty-five NDAs. Nebramycin, an antibiotic complex of at least seven factors, was first described in 1967 by Stark et al.

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
9.0 µM [IC50]
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Curative
TOBREX

Approved Use

external infections of the eye

Launch Date

3.45427214E11
Primary
KITABIS PAK

Approved Use

cystic fibrosis

Launch Date

1.39216316E12
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
3.7 μg/mL
80 mg single, intramuscular
dose: 80 mg
route of administration: Intramuscular
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TOBRAMYCIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
814 μg/mL
300 mg single, respiratory
dose: 300 mg
route of administration: Respiratory
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TOBRAMYCIN unknown
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
11.6 μg × h/mL
80 mg single, intramuscular
dose: 80 mg
route of administration: Intramuscular
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TOBRAMYCIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
1.6 h
80 mg single, intramuscular
dose: 80 mg
route of administration: Intramuscular
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TOBRAMYCIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
4.4 h
300 mg single, respiratory
dose: 300 mg
route of administration: Respiratory
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TOBRAMYCIN unknown
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
100%
300 mg single, respiratory
dose: 300 mg
route of administration: Respiratory
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TOBRAMYCIN unknown
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
12 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (mean)
Highest studied dose
Dose: 12 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 12 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 2 months - 27 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: cystic fibrosis
Age Group: 2 months - 27 years
Sources:
300 mg 2 times / day multiple, respiratory
Recommended
Dose: 300 mg, 2 times / day
Route: respiratory
Route: multiple
Dose: 300 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, >6 years
n = 190
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: >6 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 190
Sources:
Other AEs: Forced expiratory volume decreased, Rales...
Other AEs:
Forced expiratory volume decreased (31%)
Rales (19%)
Red blood cell sedimentation rate increased (8%)
Dysphonia (6%)
Wheezing (5%)
Sources:
3 mg 3 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Recommended
Dose: 3 mg, 3 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 3 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Other AEs: Hypersensitivity, Eyelids itchy sensation of...
Other AEs:
Hypersensitivity
Eyelids itchy sensation of
Swelling
Redness of eyelid conjunctiva
Sources:
1.5 mg/kg 3 times / day multiple, intramuscular
Dose: 1.5 mg/kg, 3 times / day
Route: intramuscular
Route: multiple
Dose: 1.5 mg/kg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 28
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: gram-negative bacilli infection
Age Group: adult
Population Size: 28
Sources:
2 mg/kg single, intraperitoneal
Dose: 2 mg/kg
Route: intraperitoneal
Route: single
Dose: 2 mg/kg
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 5
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: end stage renal disease
Age Group: adult
Population Size: 5
Sources:
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Rales 19%
300 mg 2 times / day multiple, respiratory
Recommended
Dose: 300 mg, 2 times / day
Route: respiratory
Route: multiple
Dose: 300 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, >6 years
n = 190
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: >6 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 190
Sources:
Forced expiratory volume decreased 31%
300 mg 2 times / day multiple, respiratory
Recommended
Dose: 300 mg, 2 times / day
Route: respiratory
Route: multiple
Dose: 300 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, >6 years
n = 190
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: >6 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 190
Sources:
Wheezing 5%
300 mg 2 times / day multiple, respiratory
Recommended
Dose: 300 mg, 2 times / day
Route: respiratory
Route: multiple
Dose: 300 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, >6 years
n = 190
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: >6 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 190
Sources:
Dysphonia 6%
300 mg 2 times / day multiple, respiratory
Recommended
Dose: 300 mg, 2 times / day
Route: respiratory
Route: multiple
Dose: 300 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, >6 years
n = 190
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: >6 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 190
Sources:
Red blood cell sedimentation rate increased 8%
300 mg 2 times / day multiple, respiratory
Recommended
Dose: 300 mg, 2 times / day
Route: respiratory
Route: multiple
Dose: 300 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, >6 years
n = 190
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: >6 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 190
Sources:
Eyelids itchy sensation of
3 mg 3 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Recommended
Dose: 3 mg, 3 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 3 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Hypersensitivity
3 mg 3 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Recommended
Dose: 3 mg, 3 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 3 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Redness of eyelid conjunctiva
3 mg 3 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Recommended
Dose: 3 mg, 3 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 3 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Swelling
3 mg 3 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Recommended
Dose: 3 mg, 3 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 3 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
New and emerging therapies for pulmonary complications of cystic fibrosis.
2001
The effect of apramycin on colonization of pathogenic Escherichia coli in the intestinal tract of chicks.
2001 Apr
Fungal keratitis in a daily disposable soft contact lens wearer.
2001 Apr
The role of nebulized antibiotics in treating serious respiratory infections.
2001 Aug
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aztreonam and tobramycin in hospitalized patients.
2001 Aug
Mycobacterium keratitis following hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis.
2001 Aug
Prevalence and analysis of risk factors for infections caused by resistant Escherichia coli strains in Anhui, China.
2001 Aug
In vitro elution of tobramycin from bioabsorbable polycaprolactone beads.
2001 Aug
Serratia Marcescens corneal ulcer as a complication of orthokeratology.
2001 Aug
Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in severely burned pediatric patients.
2001 Aug
Aminoglycosides in cystic fibrosis: a descriptive study of current practice in Australia.
2001 Jan-Feb
[Susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (1999)].
2001 Jul
Drug interference in clinical chemistry: recommendation of drugs and their concentrations to be used in drug interference studies.
2001 Jul
Recent advances in cystic fibrosis.
2001 Jul
Tobramycin (Cystic Fibrosis Foundation/PathoGenesis).
2001 Jun
Effective bactericidal activity of tobramycin and vancomycin eluted from acrylic bone cement.
2001 Jun
Changing antibiotic sensitivity patterns at a university hospital, 1992 through 1999.
2001 Jun
Continuous versus intermittent administration of ceftazidime in intensive care unit patients with nosocomial pneumonia.
2001 Jun
Population kinetics of tobramycin in neonates.
2001 Jun
Mucositis reduction by selective elimination of oral flora in irradiated cancers of the head and neck: a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized study.
2001 Jun 1
In vitro selection of RNA against kanamycin B.
2001 Jun 30
Statement on the application of the ToBI test for batch potency testing of tetanus vaccines for human use.
2001 Mar-Apr
[Cloning of the sugar related biosynthesis gene cluster from Streptomyces tenebrarius H6].
2001 May
Natural antibiotic susceptibility of recently established coryneform bacteria.
2001 May
Transmucosal transport of tobramycin incorporated in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) after duodenal administration to rats. Part II--tissue distribution.
2001 May
Inhibition of the HIV-1 rev-RRE complex formation by unfused aromatic cations.
2001 May
Clinical applications of a novel sustained-release injectable drug delivery system: DepoFoam technology.
2001 May-Jun
Epidemiologic Study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in critical patients and reservoirs.
2001 May-Jun
A comparison of cortisporin and ciprofloxacin otic drops as prophylaxis against post-tympanostomy otorrhea.
2001 Nov 1
Effects of antibiotics on morphologic characteristics and migration of canine corneal epithelial cells in tissue culture.
2001 Oct
Bacillus cereus keratitis associated with contact lens wear.
2001 Oct
Efficacy and safety of aerosolized tobramycin in cystic fibrosis.
2001 Oct
Genotypic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis after initial and subsequent colonization.
2001 Oct
Aminoglycoside binding to human and bacterial A-Site rRNA decoding region constructs.
2001 Oct
High-rising terminals and fall-rise tunes in Australian English.
2001 Oct-Dec
The changing nature of aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms and prevalence of newly recognized resistance mechanisms in Turkey.
2001 Sep
Isolation and culture of airway epithelial cells from chronically infected human lungs.
2001 Sep
[Survey of the antibiotic sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in France and the distribution of beta-lactam resistance mechanisms: the GERPB 1999 study].
2001 Sep
Reduction in gram-positive pneumonia and antibiotic consumption following the use of a SDD protocol including nasal and oral mupirocin.
2001 Sep
Recovery from vestibular ototoxicity.
2001 Sep
Defining a pulmonary exacerbation in cystic fibrosis.
2001 Sep
A simple infection model using pre-colonized implants to reproduce rat chronic Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis and study antibiotic treatment.
2001 Sep
Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis refractory to other treatments with topical antibiotic therapy delivered by means of a large-particle nebulizer: results of a controlled trial.
2001 Sep
Microbiological and immunologic considerations with aerosolized drug delivery.
2001 Sep
Treatment With tobramycin solution for inhalation in bronchiectasis patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
2001 Sep
Administration of aerosolized antibiotics in cystic fibrosis patients.
2001 Sep
Evaluating possible pharmacokinetic interactions between tobramycin, piperacillin, and a combination of piperacillin and tazobactam in patients with various degrees of renal impairment.
2001 Sep
Characterization of paired mucoid/non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Danish cystic fibrosis patients: antibiotic resistance, beta-lactamase activity and RiboPrinting.
2001 Sep
Effect of inhaled tobramycin on early Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation in patients with cystic fibrosis.
2001 Sep 22
Aerosols and anti-infectious agents.
2001 Spring
Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
Curator's Comment: Tobramycin does not pass the gastro-intestinal tract, so for systemic use it can only be given intravenously or intramuscularly http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/063111s014lbl.pdf. Dosage is different for different infections. Ophthalmic route of administration is also possible, as indicated here http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.DrugDetails or for TOBREX http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/050541s024lbl.pdf
KITABIS PAK is a co-packaging of tobramycin inhalation solution ampules with a PARI LC PLUS Reusable Nebulizer. Administer as follows: One single-use ampule (300 mg /5 mL) of tobramycin inhalation solution twice a day by oral inhalation in alternating periods of 28 days on drug, followed by 28 days off drug. The 300 mg/5mL dose of tobramycin inhalation solution is the same for all patients regardless of age or weight. The doses should be taken as close to 12 hours apart as possible; they should not be taken less than 6 hours apart.
Route of Administration: Respiratory
In Vitro Use Guide
Curator's Comment: Low dose tobramycin (4 ug/ml) as a single agent was bactericidal against only 16% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates; however, 72% of isolates were killed with high-dose tobramycin (200 ug/ml).
High-dose tobramycin (200 ug/ml) killed 72% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023
Edited
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023
Record UNII
HJT0RXD7JK
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
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Name Type Language
TOBRAMYCIN SULFATE
MART.   MI   ORANGE BOOK   USP   VANDF   WHO-DD  
Common Name English
TOBRAMYCIN SULFATE (2:5)
Common Name English
NEBCIN
Brand Name English
GERNEBCIN
Common Name English
TOBRAMYCIN SULFATE [USP IMPURITY]
Common Name English
STREPTAMINE, O-3-AMINO-3-DEOXY-.ALPHA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL-(1-6)-O-(2,6-DIAMINO-2,3,6-TRIDEOXY-ALPHA-D-RIBOHEXOPYRANOSYL-(1-4))-2-DEOXY-, D-, SULPHATE (SALT)
Common Name English
TOBRADISTIN
Common Name English
NEBICINA
Common Name English
TOBRAMYCIN SULFATE [MI]
Common Name English
TOBRAMYCIN SULPHATE
Common Name English
D-STREPTAMINE, O-3-AMINO-3-DEOXY-ALPHA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL-(1.FWDARW.6)-O-(2,6-DIAMINO-2,3,6-TRIDEOXY-ALPHA-D-RIBO-HEXOPYRANOSYL- (1.FWDARW.4))-2-DEOXY-, SULPHATE (2:5) (SALT)
Common Name English
Tobramycin sulfate [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
TOBRAMYCIN SULFATE [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
TOBRA
Common Name English
OBRACIN
Common Name English
TOBRAMYCIN SULFATE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
TOBRAMYCIN SULFATE [MART.]
Common Name English
STREPTAMINE, O-3-AMINO-3-DEOXY-.ALPHA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL-(1-6)-O-(2,6-DIAMINO-2,3,6-TRIDEOXY-ALPHA-D-RIBOHEXOPYRANOSYL-(1-4))-2-DEOXY-, D-, SULFATE (SALT)
Common Name English
TOBRAMYCIN SULFATE [VANDF]
Common Name English
D-STREPTAMINE, O-3-AMINO-3-DEOXY-ALPHA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL-(1.FWDARW.6)-O-(2,6-DIAMINO-2,3,6-TRIDEOXY-ALPHA-D-RIBO-HEXOPYRANOSYL- (1.FWDARW.4))-2-DEOXY-, SULFATE (2:5) (SALT)
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 536416
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C2363
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023
Code System Code Type Description
FDA UNII
HJT0RXD7JK
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
11954252
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
79645-27-5
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023
SUPERSEDED
MERCK INDEX
m10917
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
EPA CompTox
DTXSID50964441
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
49842-07-1
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
HJT0RXD7JK
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1747
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
256-499-2
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C893
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000091585
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB04896MIG
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
7276
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
DRUG BANK
DBSALT000317
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:20:30 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE
Related Record Type Details
ACTIVE MOIETY