LEVAMISOLE PHOSPHATE

US Previously Marketed

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C11H12N2S.H3O4P
Molecular Weight	302.287
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	1 / 1
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

OP(O)(O)=O.C1CN2C[C@@H](N=C2S1)C3=CC=CC=C3

InChI

InChIKey=QEMMFDPTLWDHKP-HNCPQSOCSA-N

InChI=1S/C11H12N2S.H3O4P/c1-2-4-9(5-3-1)10-8-13-6-7-14-11(13)12-10;1-5(2,3)4/h1-5,10H,6-8H2;(H3,1,2,3,4)/t10-;/m1./s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	H3O4P
Molecular Weight	97.9952
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Molecular Formula	C11H12N2S
Molecular Weight	204.291
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	1 / 1
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED

Description
Sources: http://home.intekom.com/pharm/janssen/ergamis.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22004673 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6995094

Levamisole (the trade name Ergamisol), an anthelminthic drug with immunological properties. It also has antitumor activity when administered with 5-fluorouracil in patients with Duke's C colorectal carcinoma; however, this use was discontinued. The mechanism of the antitumor effect is unknown but has been postulated to be related to levamisole's immunomodulatory properties. Levamisole can stimulate antibody formation to various antigens, enhance T-cell responses by stimulating T-cell activation and proliferation, potentiate monocyte and macrophage functions including phagocytosis, chemotaxis and increases motility, adherence, and chemotaxis. Levamisole inhibits alkaline phosphatase and possesses cholinergic activity. The mechanism of action of levamisole as an antiparasitic agent, for example, to treat ascariasis, relates to its agonistic activity to L-subtype nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in nematode muscles. In addition, levamisole was studied for preventing relapses of the steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (SSINS). It was shown, that alone or in combination with steroids, the drug can prolong the time to relapse and prevented recurrence during one year of treatment. However, these studies also were also discontinued.

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme 19 Target ID: P05186\|\|\|Q5BKZ5 Gene ID: 249.0 Gene Symbol: ALPL Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28209522	Inhibitor 8504
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha subunit 5 Target ID: CHEMBL1884 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19668355	Agonist 2752

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Dukes' Stage C colon cancer 3 Sources: http://home.intekom.com/pharm/janssen/ergamis.html	Palliative	Approved 8583	ERGAMISOL Approved Use Unknown Launch Date 1990
Ascariasis 4 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6995094	Curative	Not Provided 511	Unknown Approved Use Unknown
Steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome 3 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29054532	Preventing	Not Provided 511	Unknown Approved Use Unknown

C_max

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
0.69 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	2.5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2.5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
0.74 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	2.5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2.5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: FASTED
1.28 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
1.84 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: FASTED
0.75 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	2.5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2.5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
0.97 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	2.5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2.5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: FASTED
1.53 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
1.93 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: FASTED
0.76 mg/L OTHER GOV https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/withdrawal-report/withdrawal-assessment-report-elmisol_en.pdf	150 mg unknown, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: UNKNOWN co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
0.72 mg/L OTHER GOV https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/withdrawal-report/withdrawal-assessment-report-elmisol_en.pdf	150 mg unknown, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: UNKNOWN co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
0.53 mg/L OTHER GOV https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/withdrawal-report/withdrawal-assessment-report-elmisol_en.pdf	2.5 mg/kg bw 1 times / 2 days multiple, oral dose: 2.5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
7.44 mg × h/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	2.5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2.5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
6.1 mg × h/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	2.5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2.5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: FASTED
6.88 mg × h/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
19.69 mg × h/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: FASTED
4.48 mg × h/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	2.5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2.5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
7.16 mg × h/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	2.5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2.5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: FASTED
18.96 mg × h/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
13.78 mg × h/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: FASTED
4.15 mg × h/L OTHER GOV https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/withdrawal-report/withdrawal-assessment-report-elmisol_en.pdf	150 mg unknown, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: UNKNOWN co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
3.07 mg × h/L OTHER GOV https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/withdrawal-report/withdrawal-assessment-report-elmisol_en.pdf	150 mg unknown, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: UNKNOWN co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
3.54 mg × h/L OTHER GOV https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/withdrawal-report/withdrawal-assessment-report-elmisol_en.pdf	2.5 mg/kg bw 1 times / 2 days multiple, oral dose: 2.5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
6.04 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	2.5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2.5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
3.88 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	2.5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2.5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: FASTED
2.71 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
5.58 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: FASTED
2.85 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	2.5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2.5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
3.72 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	2.5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2.5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: FASTED
5.75 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
3.65 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7166176/	5 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: FASTED
4.4 h OTHER GOV https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/withdrawal-report/withdrawal-assessment-report-elmisol_en.pdf	150 mg unknown, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: UNKNOWN co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
5.56 h OTHER GOV https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/withdrawal-report/withdrawal-assessment-report-elmisol_en.pdf	150 mg unknown, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: UNKNOWN co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
3.07 h OTHER GOV https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/withdrawal-report/withdrawal-assessment-report-elmisol_en.pdf	2.5 mg/kg bw 1 times / 2 days multiple, oral dose: 2.5 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
49% OTHER GOV https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/withdrawal-report/withdrawal-assessment-report-elmisol_en.pdf	150 mg unknown, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: UNKNOWN co-administered:		LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
49% OTHER GOV https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/withdrawal-report/withdrawal-assessment-report-elmisol_en.pdf	150 mg unknown, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: UNKNOWN co-administered:		LEVAMISOLE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
50 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 50 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 50 mg, 2 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32851655	unhealthy, 15 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 15 years Sex: M Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32851655	Disc. AE: Epidermal necrolysis... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Epidermal necrolysis (1 patient) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32851655
100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24552411	unhealthy, 34 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 34 years Sex: F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24552411	Disc. AE: Myopathy, Leukocytoclastic vasculitis... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Myopathy (1 patient) Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (1 patient) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24552411
250 mg single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 250 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 250 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33180273	unknown, 52 years Health Status: unknown Age Group: 52 years Sex: M Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33180273	Other AEs: Adverse event... Other AEs: Adverse event (grade 5) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33180273
3.5 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 3.5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 3.5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11454092	unhealthy, 7-12 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 7-12 years Sex: F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11454092	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11454092
150 mg 1 times / week multiple, oral Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / week Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / week Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/923464 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/366143	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/923464 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/366143	Disc. AE: Agranulocytosis... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Agranulocytosis Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/923464 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/366143

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Epidermal necrolysis	1 patient Disc. AE	50 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 50 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 50 mg, 2 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32851655	unhealthy, 15 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 15 years Sex: M Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32851655
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis	1 patient Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24552411	unhealthy, 34 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 34 years Sex: F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24552411
Myopathy	1 patient Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24552411	unhealthy, 34 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 34 years Sex: F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24552411
Adverse event	grade 5	250 mg single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 250 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 250 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33180273	unknown, 52 years Health Status: unknown Age Group: 52 years Sex: M Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33180273
Agranulocytosis	Disc. AE	150 mg 1 times / week multiple, oral Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / week Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / week Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/923464 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/366143	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/923464 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/366143

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:6432	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:6432
eMolecules	29542986	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=29542986
MolPort	MolPort-001-794-629	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-001-794-629
ZINC	ZINC000000119839	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000000119839

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
A phase II study of active specific immunotherapy and 5-FU/Leucovorin as adjuvant therapy for stage III colon carcinoma.	2002-04-22	11953877
213Bi-PAI2 conjugate selectively induces apoptosis in PC3 metastatic prostate cancer cell line and shows anti-cancer activity in a xenograft animal model.	2002-04-08	11953871
Efficacy and toxicity of adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly patients with colon carcinoma: a 10-year experience of the Geisinger Medical Center.	2002-04-01	11932894
Adjuvant therapy in rectal cancer: analysis of stage, sex, and local control--final report of intergroup 0114.	2002-04-01	11919230
Thymidylate synthase expression in colorectal cancer: a prognostic and predictive marker of benefit from adjuvant fluorouracil-based chemotherapy.	2002-04-01	11919227
Superantigen reactive Vbeta6+ T cells induce perforin/granzyme B mediated caspase-independent apoptosis in tumour cells.	2002-03-04	11875749
The C. elegans ric-3 gene is required for maturation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	2002-03-01	11867529
Necessity of enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase for mineralization of osteoblastic cells.	2002-03	11949880
Inhibitor profiles of alkaline phosphatases in bovine preattachment embryos and adult tissues.	2002-03	11850443
S100A4 (p9Ka) protein in colon carcinoma and liver metastases: association with carcinoma cells and T-lymphocytes.	2002-02-01	11875708
Effect in vitro of cyclic nucleotides-elevating agents on nitric oxide production by human granulocytes from type 2-diabetic patients.	2002-02	11938028
Role of a novel soluble nucleotide phospho-hydrolase from sheep plasma in inhibition of platelet reactivity: hemostasis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.	2002-02	11919550
A novel role of alkaline phosphatase in protection from immunological liver injury in mice.	2002-02	11906613
Modulation by levamisole of CD45RA and CD45RC isoforms expression in the gut of weaned pigs vaccinated against colibacillosis.	2002-02	11874530
Characterization and cytochemical localization of an ATP diphosphohydrolase from Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes.	2002-02	11862992
Multiple anthelmintic resistance in sheep.	2002-01-26	11808671
Identification of molecular markers for the early detection of human squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.	2002-01-21	11870519
A boy with cutaneous necrosis occurring during treatment with levamisole.	2002-01	11952666
Influence of some substances on bacterial translocation in the rat.	2002-01	11898026
The effect of dietary immunomodulation upon Edwardsiella tarda vaccination in healthy and immunocompromised Indian major carp (Labeo rohita).	2002-01	11866127
Canine serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes detected by polyacrylamide gel disk electrophoresis.	2002-01	11853143
Prevalence of levamisole and benzimidazole resistance in oesophagostomum populations of pig-breeding farms in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.	2002-01	11822739
Unique Ca(2+)-activated ATPase in the nervous ganglia of Phyllocaulis soleiformis (Mollusca).	2002-01	11742758
[Treatment of dystrophy, dysplasia and initial stages of vulvar carcinoma in virus infections].	2002	11944391
Kinetic comparison of tissue non-specific and placental human alkaline phosphatases expressed in baculovirus infected cells: application to screening for Down's syndrome.	2002	11818032
Modulation of insulin transport in rat brain microvessel endothelial cells by an ecto-phosphatase activity.	2002	11787068
Regulation of distinct muscle behaviors controls the C. elegans male's copulatory spicules during mating.	2001-12-14	11747813
Oral bioavailability of levamisole in goats.	2001-12	11903875
Effects of anthelmintics on the development of eggs of Angiostrongylus costaricensis in vitro.	2001-12	11818052
Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of dairy goats under extensive management conditions in southwestern France.	2001-12	11818048
Determination of levamisole in animal tissues using liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.	2001-12	11743750
Prospective randomized study of post-operative chemotherapy with levamisole and UFT for head and neck carcinoma.	2001-12	11735172
Adjuvant 5FU plus levamisole in colonic or rectal cancer: improved survival in stage II and III.	2001-11-16	11720425
Adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer.	2001-11-16	11720422
An in vivo evaluation of induction of abnormal sperm morphology by some anthelmintic drugs in mice.	2001-10-18	11525915
A pooled analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy for resected colon cancer in elderly patients.	2001-10-11	11596588
Oxidative modification of rat liver 5'-nucleotidase: the mechanisms for protection and re-activation.	2001-10	11935367
Levamisole vs. cyclophosphamide for frequently-relapsing steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.	2001-10	11680658
Levamisole and/or Chinese medicinal herbs can modulate the serum level of squamous cell carcinoma associated antigen in patients with erosive oral lichen planus.	2001-10	11555157
Cimetidine and levamisole versus cimetidine alone for recalcitrant warts in children.	2001-09-29	11576414
Alkaline phosphatase from rat liver and kidney is differentially modulated.	2001-09	11676975
Are Teladorsagia circumcincta (Nematoda) morphs equally able to survive under anthelmintic treatment in sheep on pastures?	2001-09	11570550
Response shift in the perception of health for utility evaluation. an explorative investigation.	2001-09	11549425
Genetic variability following selection of Haemonchus contortus with anthelmintics.	2001-09	11530357
Population genetics and drug resistance in nematode.	2001-09	11530342
Partial purification and biochemical characterization of a heteromeric protein phosphatase 2A holoenzyme from maize (Zea mays L.) leaves that dephosphorylates C4 phosophoenolpyruvate carboxylase.	2001-07	11506360
Tumour necrosis factor-alpha production in fibrosing alveolitis is macrophage subset specific.	2001	11737936
Non-corticosteroid treatment for nephrotic syndrome in children.	2001	11687155
Optimising the benefits of anthelmintic treatment in children.	2001	11513281
[Clinical and immunological characteristics and specific features of the treatment of patients with recurrent sarcoidosis of respiratory organs].	2001	11508232

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

The combination of ERGAMISOL (levamisole hydrochloride) and 5-fluorouracil is administered according to the following dosage schedule: Initial Therapy: Week 1 (3rd to 4th week post surgery): 5-fluorouracil 450 mg/m² i.v. push days 1 –5 and ERGAMISOL 50 mg orally t.i.d days 1 –3; Week 3 only ERGAMISOL 50 mg orally t.i.d days 1 –3. Therapy should commence 3 –4 weeks post surgery. 5-Fluorouracil (450 mg/m²) is administered by rapid i.v. injection for the first 5 days of Week 1. ERGAMISOL 50 mg tablet is administered orally three times a day for the first 3 days of Week 1, and again on the first 3 days of Week 3.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

It was examined the immunological effects of levamisole in vitro. Experiments utilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal donors incubated in the presence of increasing concentrations of levamisole (0.1 to 100 micrograms/ml). Levamisole had no consistent effect on induction of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity or indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase activity, or production of tumor necrosis factor. Levamisole had no effect on monocyte cytotoxicity or expression of HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, HLA-DP, and the Fc receptor. Similarly, levamisole had no significant effect on NK or LAK cytotoxicity or the immunological activation of T-lymphocytes, assessed by expression of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD25, and CD56. No significant enhancement in the expression of three tumor-associated antigens (880364, NRCO-4, and ING-1) and the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) antigen on four human cancer cell lines was observed following in vitro exposure to levamisole. In conclusion, was revealed, that levamisole was not a potent modulator of the immune parameters.

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 21:29:35 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 21:29:35 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	FIG89N8AZY
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
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Name

Type

Language

LEVAMISOLE PHOSPHATE

Common Name

English

(-)-2,3,5,6-TETRAHYDRO-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO(2,1-B)THIAZOLE PHOSPHATE

Preferred Name

English

IMIDAZO(2,1-B)THIAZOLE, 2,3,5,6-TETRAHYDRO-6-PHENYL-, (S)-, PHOSPHATE (1:1)

Systematic Name

English

(S)-2,3,5,6-TETRAHYDRO-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO(2,1-B)THIAZOLETRIYLIUM PHOSPHATE

Systematic Name

English

LEVAMISOLE PHOSPHATE [GREEN BOOK]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

CFR

21 CFR 522.1244