Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C4H4O4.2H4N |
Molecular Weight | 152.1491 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O
InChI
InChIKey=NHJPVZLSLOHJDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C4H6O4.2H3N/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8;;/h1-2H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8);2*1H3
Molecular Formula | H3N |
Molecular Weight | 17.0305 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Molecular Formula | C4H6O4 |
Molecular Weight | 118.088 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionSources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622981Curator's Comment: The description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23461009 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24771373 | https://ntrl.ntis.gov/NTRL/dashboard/searchResults.xhtml?searchQuery=PB254541 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10464017
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622981
Curator's Comment: The description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23461009 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24771373 | https://ntrl.ntis.gov/NTRL/dashboard/searchResults.xhtml?searchQuery=PB254541 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10464017
Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid, which has multiple biological roles as a metabolic intermediate being converted into fumarate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase in complex 2 of the electron transport chain which is involved in making ATP, and as a signaling molecule reflecting the cellular metabolic state. Succinate is generated in mitochondria via the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), an energy-yielding process shared by all organisms. Succinate can exit the mitochondrial matrix and function in the cytoplasm as well as the extracellular space, changing gene expression patterns, modulating epigenetic landscape or demonstrating hormone-like signaling. Dysregulation of succinate synthesis, and therefore ATP synthesis, happens in some genetic mitochondrial diseases, such as Leigh's disease, and Mela's disease and degradation can lead to pathological conditions, such as malignant transformation, inflammation and tissue injury. Succinic acid is a precursor to some polyesters and a component of some alkyd resins. Succinic acid also serves as the bases of certain biodegradable polymers, which are of interest in tissue engineering applications. As a food additive and dietary supplement, succinic acid is generally recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Succinic acid is used primarily as an acidity regulator in the food and beverage industry. It is also available as a flavoring agent, contributing a somewhat sour and astringent component to umami taste.[11] As an excipient in pharmaceutical products, it is also used to control acidity or as a counter ion. Drugs involving succinate include metoprolol succinate, sumatriptan succinate, Doxylamine succinate or solifenacin succinate.
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL5697 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18942826 |
3.0 µM [IC50] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Inactive ingredient | Reamberin Approved UseUnknown |
|||
Inactive ingredient | Metoprolol Succinate ER Approved UseUnknown |
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Inactive ingredient | VESIcare Approved UseUnknown |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
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Oxidative and glycolytic metabolism of semen components by washed guinea pig spermatozoa. | 1975 Feb |
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Structures and proton-pumping strategies of mitochondrial respiratory enzymes. | 2001 |
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Inhibition of spontaneous induction of lambdoid prophages in Escherichia coli cultures: simple procedures with possible biotechnological applications. | 2001 |
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Tetracycline residues in meat and bone meals. Part 1: methodology and examination of field samples. | 2001 Apr |
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Synthesis of ethyl alkylidene alpha cyanoacetates under ultrasound irradiation. | 2001 Apr |
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Glutamine supplementation promotes anaplerosis but not oxidative energy delivery in human skeletal muscle. | 2001 Apr |
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Glutathione depletion, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction are induced by chronic stress in rat brain. | 2001 Apr |
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Attenuation of malonate toxicity in primary mesencephalic cultures using the GABA transport blocker, NO-711. | 2001 Apr 1 |
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Energetic metabolism in mouse cerebral cortex during chronic hypoxia. | 2001 Apr 6 |
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New insights into the regulation of plant succinate dehydrogenase. On the role of the protonmotive force. | 2001 Aug 31 |
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A subtoxic interactive toxicity study of ethanol and chromium in male Wistar rats. | 2001 Feb |
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Metabolic shifts and myocyte hypertrophy in deflazacort treatment of mdx mouse cardiomyopathy. | 2001 Feb |
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In silico predictions of Escherichia coli metabolic capabilities are consistent with experimental data. | 2001 Feb |
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Kynurenic acid influences the respiratory parameters of rat heart mitochondria. | 2001 Feb |
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Towards developing a non-SnCl2 formulation for RP444, a new radiopharmaceutical for thrombus imaging. | 2001 Feb |
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Biochemical changes induced in liver and serum of aflatoxin B1-treated male wistar rats: preventive effect of picroliv. | 2001 Feb |
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Establishment and characterization of three new rat renal cell carcinoma cell lines from N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine-induced basophilic cell tumors. | 2001 Feb |
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Aerobic metabolism of human quadriceps muscle: in vivo data parallel measurements on isolated mitochondria. | 2001 Feb |
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Mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations colocalize with segmental electron transport system abnormalities, muscle fiber atrophy, fiber splitting, and oxidative damage in sarcopenia. | 2001 Feb |
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A novel syndrome affecting multiple mitochondrial functions, located by microcell-mediated transfer to chromosome 2p14-2p13. | 2001 Feb |
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Exercise and ovarian steroid hormones: their effects on mitochondrial respiration. | 2001 Feb 16 |
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Acidianus ambivalens Complex II typifies a novel family of succinate dehydrogenases. | 2001 Feb 16 |
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Dimeric pig heart succinate-coenzyme A transferase uses only one subunit to support catalysis. | 2001 Feb 27 |
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Time-course changes in arteriolar and venular portions of capillary in young treadmill-trained rats. | 2001 Jan |
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Developmental aspects of the rat endolymphatic sac and functional implications. | 2001 Jan |
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[High cell density culture of phosphotransacetylase mutants of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)]. | 2001 Jan |
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Computerized analysis of cytochemical reactions for dehydrogenases and oxygraphic studies as methods to evaluate the function of the mitochondrial sheath in rat spermatozoa. | 2001 Jan |
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Environmental fate and microbial degradation of aminopolycarboxylic acids. | 2001 Jan |
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Effects of cortisol on chloride cells in the gill epithelium of Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. | 2001 Jan |
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Selective cancer cell killing by alpha-tocopheryl succinate. | 2001 Jan 5 |
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Characteristics and glycerol metabolism of fumarate-reducing Enterococcus faecalis RKY1. | 2001 Jan 5 |
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Succinic dehydrogenase histochemistry as an early marker for hair cell pathology. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
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Alloxan-induced mitochondrial permeability transition triggered by calcium, thiol oxidation, and matrix ATP. | 2001 Jul 20 |
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Simultaneous chromium(VI) reduction and phenol degradation in a fixed-film coculture bioreactor: reactor performance. | 2001 Jun |
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Kinetic analyses of mitochondrial 75selenium uptake in Trigonella foenum-graecum seedlings exposed to selenium and mimosine. | 2001 Mar |
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Metabolic enzymes and phenotypic expression among human locomotor muscles. | 2001 Mar |
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A general method for the quantitative analysis of functional chimeras: applications from site-directed mutagenesis and macromolecular association. | 2001 Mar |
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A third crystal form of Wolinella succinogenes quinol:fumarate reductase reveals domain closure at the site of fumarate reduction. | 2001 Mar |
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Variables in human liver microsome preparation: impact on the kinetics of l-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) n-demethylation and dextromethorphan O-demethylation. | 2001 Mar |
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The simplest supramolecular complexes containing pairs of Mo(2)(formamidinate)(3) units linked with various dicarboxylates: preparative methods, structures, and electrochemistry. | 2001 Mar 12 |
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Isolation and phenotypic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pseudorevertants containing suppressors of the catabolite repression control-defective crc-10 allele. | 2001 Mar 15 |
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Myxothiazol induces H(2)O(2) production from mitochondrial respiratory chain. | 2001 Mar 2 |
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Analysis of sulfonated compounds by ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. | 2001 Mar 30 |
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Topology of the Na(+)/dicarboxylate cotransporter: the N-terminus and hydrophilic loop 4 are located intracellularly. | 2001 Mar 9 |
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Cytochrome c oxidase deficient cells accumulate in the hippocampus and choroid plexus with age. | 2001 Mar-Apr |
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Possible involvement of protein phosphorylation in aluminum-responsive malate efflux from wheat root apex. | 2001 May |
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Estradiol protects against ATP depletion, mitochondrial membrane potential decline and the generation of reactive oxygen species induced by 3-nitroproprionic acid in SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells. | 2001 May |
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Kinetic and crystallographic studies on deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase (DAOCS). | 2001 May 18 |
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The 'strict' anaerobe Desulfovibrio gigas contains a membrane-bound oxygen-reducing respiratory chain. | 2001 May 4 |
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Aerobic capacity of frog skeletal muscle during hibernation. | 2001 May-Jun |
Sample Use Guides
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10464017
Antiviral activity was measured in a plaque inhibition assay. Confluent Vero cell monolayer in 6-well multidishes were infected with 100 PFU in 1 mL of MEM medium. After adsorption at 37 °C for 2 h, residual inoculum was replaced with 1 mL of MEM medium containing 0.2% gamma-globulin and 1 mL of a dilution of varying concentrations of the Succinic acid. Virus-infected wells without compounds were used as cytopathogenicity controls. Viral cytopathogenicity (CPE) was completed 1-2 days after viral infection
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Mon Mar 31 19:02:22 GMT 2025
by
admin
on
Mon Mar 31 19:02:22 GMT 2025
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Record UNII |
DTZ9PEC9JL
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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EPA PESTICIDE CODE |
77801
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