ENOXIMONE

Possibly Marketed Outside US

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C12H12N2O2S
Molecular Weight	248.301
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

CSC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)C2=C(C)NC(=O)N2

InChI

InChIKey=ZJKNESGOIKRXQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C12H12N2O2S/c1-7-10(14-12(16)13-7)11(15)8-3-5-9(17-2)6-4-8/h3-6H,1-2H3,(H2,13,14,16)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C12H12N2O2S
Molecular Weight	248.301
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/PIL.26210.latest.pdf

Enoximone is an inhibitor of PDE3, which is used for the treatment of congestive heart failure. Also enoximone was shown to inhibit PDH in cardiac myocytes. The inhibition was shown to occur secondary to stimulating fatty acid oxidation

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Phosphodiesterase 3 61 Target ID: CHEMBL2094125 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1386515	Inhibitor 8504		5.9 µM [IC50]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Congestive heart failure 54 Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/PIL.26210.latest.pdf	Primary		Approved 8583	PERFAN Approved Use PERFAN Injection is indicated for the treatment of congestive heart failure, typically where cardiac output is reduced and filling pressures increased, in patients who require intravenous therapy and who can be closely monitored.

C_max

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
1536 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10992825/	10 μg/kg/min single, intravenous dose: 10 μg/kg/min route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE serum	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: NEWBORN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
1483 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10992825/	10 μg/kg/min single, intravenous dose: 10 μg/kg/min route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE serum	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: NEWBORN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
2974 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10992825/	10 μg/kg/min single, intravenous dose: 10 μg/kg/min route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE serum	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: NEWBORN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
0.31 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	0.25 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 0.25 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
1.82 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	0.5 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
3.4 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	1 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 1 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
5.38 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	2 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 2 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
0.23 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	0.25 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 0.25 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
0.53 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	0.5 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
1.08 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	1 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 1 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
1.82 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	2 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 2 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
2.35 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	1 mg/kg 1 times / 3 hours multiple, intravenous dose: 1 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
0.51 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	10 μg/kg/min single, intravenous dose: 10 μg/kg/min route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
1.05 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	1 mg/kg 1 times / 3 hours multiple, intravenous dose: 1 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
0.8 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	10 μg/kg/min single, intravenous dose: 10 μg/kg/min route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
182 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1831816/	100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED
1074 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1831816/	100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED
115 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1831816/	50 mg 3 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED
190 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1831816/	100 mg 3 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED
1021 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1831816/	50 mg 3 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED
1653 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1831816/	100 mg 3 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED

AUC

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
0.22 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	0.25 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 0.25 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
0.48 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	0.5 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
1.04 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	1 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 1 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
2.74 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	2 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 2 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
0.43 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	0.25 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 0.25 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
1.08 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	0.5 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
2.18 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	1 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 1 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
4.87 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	2 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 2 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
0.96 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	1 mg/kg 1 times / 3 hours multiple, intravenous dose: 1 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
2.21 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	10 μg/kg/min single, intravenous dose: 10 μg/kg/min route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
1.97 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	1 mg/kg 1 times / 3 hours multiple, intravenous dose: 1 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
4.2 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	10 μg/kg/min single, intravenous dose: 10 μg/kg/min route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
6.4 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10992825/	10 μg/kg/min single, intravenous dose: 10 μg/kg/min route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE serum	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: NEWBORN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
5.2 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10992825/	10 μg/kg/min single, intravenous dose: 10 μg/kg/min route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE serum	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: NEWBORN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
7.6 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10992825/	10 μg/kg/min single, intravenous dose: 10 μg/kg/min route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE serum	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: NEWBORN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
6.9 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10992825/	10 μg/kg/min single, intravenous dose: 10 μg/kg/min route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE serum	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: NEWBORN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
16.2 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10992825/	10 μg/kg/min single, intravenous dose: 10 μg/kg/min route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE serum	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: NEWBORN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
7.4 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10992825/	10 μg/kg/min single, intravenous dose: 10 μg/kg/min route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE serum	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: NEWBORN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
2.9 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2960700/	1 mg/kg single, oral dose: 1 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
2.3 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2960700/	75 mg single, oral dose: 75 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
2.07 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	0.25 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 0.25 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
1.94 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	0.5 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
1.96 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	1 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 1 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
2.72 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	2 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 2 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
2.02 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	0.25 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 0.25 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
2.1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	0.5 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
1.99 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	1 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 1 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
2.16 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	2 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 2 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
2.1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	1 mg/kg 1 times / 3 hours multiple, intravenous dose: 1 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
2.66 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	10 μg/kg/min single, intravenous dose: 10 μg/kg/min route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
2.03 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	1 mg/kg 1 times / 3 hours multiple, intravenous dose: 1 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
2.49 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738792/	10 μg/kg/min single, intravenous dose: 10 μg/kg/min route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN
6.12 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1831816/	100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED
5.88 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1831816/	100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ENOXIMONE SULFOXIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
35% EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2960700/			ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
27.8% EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3244103/			ENOXIMONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
150 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 150 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 150 mg, 3 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2956874/	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2956874/	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2956874/
1 mg/kg 1 times / 8 hours multiple, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 1 mg/kg, 1 times / 8 hours Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 1 mg/kg, 1 times / 8 hours Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2145236/	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2145236/	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2145236/
2 mg/kg single, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 2 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 2 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2956865/	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2956865/	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2956865/

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Assessment of residual viability by enoximone echocardiography in patients with previous myocardial infarction correlation with positron emission tomographic studies and functional follow-up.	2010-05	20374267
Sildenafil attenuates pulmonary arterial pressure but does not improve oxygenation during ARDS.	2010-05	20130830
Postconditioning with levosimendan reduces the infarct size involving the PI3K pathway and KATP-channel activation but is independent of PDE-III inhibition.	2010-03	19842009
Enoxaparin, effective dosage for intensive care patients: double-blinded, randomised clinical trial.	2010	20298591
Weaning failure of cardiac origin: recent advances.	2010	20236455
Agents with inotropic properties for the management of acute heart failure syndromes. Traditional agents and beyond.	2009-12	19876734
Inotropic therapy for heart failure: paradise lost.	2009-12	19726435
Effects of low-dose oral enoximone administration on mortality, morbidity, and exercise capacity in patients with advanced heart failure: the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group ESSENTIAL trials.	2009-12	19700774
Vasodilators in the treatment of acute heart failure: what we know, what we don't.	2009-12	19096932
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction of the cardiac surgery patient; a point of view for the cardiac surgeon and cardio-anesthesiologist.	2009-11-24	19930694
Cardiorespiratory effects of enoximone in anaesthetised colic horses.	2009-11	20095226
Newer treatments for decompensated heart failure: focus on levosimendan.	2009-09-21	19920923
Levosimendan is superior to enoximone in refractory cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction.	2009-09	19687655
Investigational positive inotropic agents for acute heart failure.	2009-09	19534658
Masquerade: fulminant viral myocarditis mimicking a Q-wave anterolateral myocardial infarction.	2009-06	19486704
Comparison between lithium dilution and pulse contour analysis techniques for cardiac output measurement in isoflurane anaesthetized ponies: influence of different inotropic drugs.	2009-05	19397771
Long-term outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.	2009-05	19379873
Influence of continuous perioperative beta-blockade in combination with phosphodiesterase inhibition on haemodynamics and myocardial ischaemia in high-risk vascular surgery patients.	2009-05	19336536
Influence of calcium chloride on the cardio-respiratory effects of a bolus of enoximone in isoflurane anaesthetized ponies.	2009-03	19239648
Levosimendan or enoximone in refractory cardiogenic shock?	2009-03	19237971
Evaluation of 30-day mortality of levosimendan versus enoximone.	2009-03	19237968
Inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass with enoximone or steroids in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization: a preliminary report study.	2009-02	19203563
Is there a role for carvedilol in the management of pediatric heart failure? A meta analysis and e-mail survey of expert opinion.	2009-01	20300274
Apart from the other members of PDE inhibitors' family, enoximone does not enhance renal ischemic reperfusion injury: the effects of enoximone on renal ischemia reperfusion.	2009	20030534
Spontaneous perforation of the cystic duct in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: a case report.	2008-10-29	18959771
Levosimendan in cardiogenic shock: better than enoximone!	2008-08	18664796
Levosimendan is superior to enoximone in refractory cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction.	2008-08	18664782
Effects of dobutamine on cardiovascular function and respiratory gas exchange after enoximone in isoflurane-anaesthetized ponies.	2008-07	19522889
Recovery of heart function in children with acute severe heart failure.	2008-04-15	18408577
[Continuous beta-block with esmolol in combination with enoximone: influence on cardiac function in high risk patients undergoing vascular surgery].	2008-03	18270676
Effects of enoximone on peripheral and central chemoreflex responses in humans.	2008-01	17965284
[Potentialitis of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in management of patients with chronic heart failure complicating cardiac ischemia].	2008	19441655
ABCD of the phosphodiesterase family: interaction and differential activity in COPD.	2008	19281073
Understanding cardiac output.	2008	18771592
[Pleural effusion following coronary bypass surgery].	2007-11	18087824
Low-dose oral enoximone enhances the ability to wean patients with ultra-advanced heart failure from intravenous inotropic support: results of the oral enoximone in intravenous inotrope-dependent subjects trial.	2007-11	17967591
[Rational use of catecholamines and inotropes].	2007-11	17929214
Cardiovascular effects of enoximone in isoflurane anaesthetized ponies.	2007-11	17696974
Peripartum cardiomyopathy: review of the literature.	2007-10-31	17963329
Combined use of ultra-short acting beta-blocker esmolol and intravenous phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor enoximone.	2007-09	17714066
Effects of preemptive enoximone on left ventricular diastolic function after valve replacement for aortic stenosis.	2007-06	17544886
Current practice of hemodynamic monitoring and vasopressor and inotropic therapy in post-operative cardiac surgery patients in Germany: results from a postal survey.	2007-03	17096667
Factors influencing the outcome of paediatric cardiac surgical patients during extracorporeal circulatory support.	2007-01-11	17217529
Metabolic effects of phosphodiesterase III inhibitors: another reason to promote their use?	2007	17572916
The metabolic and renal effects of adrenaline and milrinone in patients with myocardial dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting.	2007	17470271
Acute heart failure: inotropic agents and their clinical uses.	2006-11	17059376
Enoximone in cardiac arrest caused by propranolol: two case reports.	2006-07	16987374
New strategies to control the inflammatory response in cardiac surgery.	2004-02	17021527
Clinical pharmacology of intravenous enoximone: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in patients with heart failure.	1991-09	1831585
[Vasodilatation and positive inotropic effect of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor enoximone].	1991	1833895

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Therapy should be initiated with a dose of 0.5-1.0 mg/kg given as a slow intravenous injection (not faster than 12.5 mg/min); further doses of 0.5 mg/kg may be given similarly every 30 min until a satisfactory response is achieved or a total initial dose of 3.0 mg/kg is reached. Alternatively treatment may be initiated as an infusion at a rate of 90 ug/kg/min administered over 10-30 min until the required haemodynamic response is achieved. To maintain the effects the initial dose (not more than 3.0 mg/kg) may be repeated as required every 3-6 h and adjusted according to the response of the patient. Alternatively, a continuous or intermittent infusion at a rate of 5-20 ug/kg/min may be instituted. The total dose over 24 h should not normally exceed 24.0 mg/kg.

Route of Administration: Intravenous

In Vitro Use Guide

Rat cardiac myocytes were incubated with 0.5 mM enoximone for 10 min at 37C and the effect of the drug on PDH activity was measured. Concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 mM were used in assay, which was used to investigate the effect of enoximone on the oxidation of glucose and pyruvate.

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Wed Apr 02 09:46:27 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Wed Apr 02 09:46:27 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	C7Z4ITI7L7
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

PERFAN

Preferred Name

English

ENOXIMONE

Official Name

English

MDL-17043

Code

English

Enoximone [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

2H-IMIDAZOL-2-ONE, 1,3-DIHYDRO-4-METHYL-5-(4-(METHYLTHIO)BENZOYL)-

Systematic Name

English

enoximone [INN]

Common Name

English

MDL 17,043

Code

English

4-METHYL-5-(P-(METHYLTHIO)BENZOYL)-4-IMIDAZOLIN-2-ONE

Common Name

English

ENOXIMONE [USAN]

Common Name

English

ENOXIMONE [MI]

Common Name

English

ENOXIMONE [MART.]

Common Name

English

ENOXIMONE [JAN]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

WHO-ATC

C01CE03