CYTOSINE

Possibly Marketed Outside US

First approved in 2014

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C4H5N3O
Molecular Weight	111.1022
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

c1cnc([nH]c1=N)O

InChI

InChIKey=OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C4H5N3O/c5-3-1-2-6-4(8)7-3/h1-2H,(H3,5,6,7,8)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C4H5N3O
Molecular Weight	111.1022
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/nucleic-acids.php | https://library.med.utah.edu/NetBiochem/pupyr/pp.htm

Cytosine is a pyrimidine nucleobase, one of the five main bases of nucleic acids. In DNA and RNA cytosine is paired with guanine. Only small amounts of cytosine administered with food are incorporated in DNA. The majority of cytosine is synthesized de-novo starting from carbamoyl phosphate.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Unknown 2502

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
A simple model based on mutation and selection explains trends in codon and amino-acid usage and GC composition within and across genomes.	2001	11305938
Prophylaxis against herpesvirus infections in transplant recipients.	2001	11270937
Suicide gene therapy for pediatric tumors.	2001	11269507
Imaging biochemistry: applications to breast cancer.	2001	11250743
UAG readthrough in mammalian cells: effect of upstream and downstream stop codon contexts reveal different signals.	2001	11242562
Regulation of gene expression by GC-rich DNA cis-elements.	2001	11237405
Suicide gene therapy: possible applications in haematopoietic disorders.	2001 Apr	11298856
The ganciclovir implant plus oral ganciclovir versus parenteral cidofovir for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: The Ganciclovir Cidofovir Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Trial.	2001 Apr	11292409
DNA methylation learns to fly.	2001 Apr	11275305
Low-energy (5-40 eV) electron-stimulated desorption of anions from physisorbed DNA bases.	2001 Apr	11260665
Solution structure of the SL1 RNA of the M1 double-stranded RNA virus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	2001 Apr	11259308
Base sequence-specific attack of stilbene estrogen metabolite(s) on the mitochondrial DNA: implications in the induction of instability in the mitochondrial genome in the kidney of Syrian hamsters.	2001 Apr	11254879
Single molecule DNA sequencing in submicrometer channels: state of the art and future prospects.	2001 Apr 13	11257531
Association study of CAG repeats in the KCNN3 gene in Japanese patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder.	2001 Apr 15	11311923
15-mer DNA duplexes containing an abasic site are thermodynamically more stable with adjacent purines than with pyrimidines.	2001 Apr 3	11300765
Changes in DNA methylation in neoplasia: pathophysiology and therapeutic implications.	2001 Apr 3	11281740
Suicide gene therapy for premalignant disease: a new strategy for the treatment of intraepithelial neoplasia.	2001 Feb	11313795
Isolation and frontier molecular orbital investigation of bioactive quinone-methide triterpenoids from the bark of Salacia petenensis.	2001 Feb	11270725
Size constraints for targeting post-transcriptional gene silencing and for RNA-directed methylation in Nicotiana benthamiana using a potato virus X vector.	2001 Feb	11260498
Characterization of DNA damage at purine residues in oligonucleotides and calf thymus DNA induced by the mutagen 1-nitrosoindole-3-acetonitrile.	2001 Feb	11258964
Confounded cytosine! Tinkering and the evolution of DNA.	2001 Feb	11252956
Host responses and persistence of vector genome following intrabronchial administration of an E1(-)E3(-) adenovirus gene transfer vector to normal individuals.	2001 Feb	11237677
Failure of cidofovir to reduce CMV-antigenemia in a child transplanted from a matched unrelated donor.	2001 Feb	11233794
Alkylating agent and chromatin structure determine sequence context-dependent formation of alkylpurines.	2001 Feb 16	11237592
Surveying CpG methylation at 5'-CCGG in the genomes of rice cultivars.	2001 Jan	11247604
Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas of a large scrotal lesion in an AIDS patient.	2001 Jan	11215088
Quantum chemistry predicted correlations between geometric isomerism (conformation) of -OH and =NH substituents and typical group frequencies of nucleic acid bases: cytosine.	2001 Jan	11209867
Reduction of wobble-position GC bases in Corynebacteria genes and enhancement of PCR and heterologous expression.	2001 Jan	11200224
Microsoft Word macro for analysis of cytosine methylation by the bisulfite deamination reaction.	2001 Jan	11196301
Spreadsheet-based program for the analysis of DNA methylation.	2001 Jan	11196300
Long-term remission of an AIDS-related primary effusion lymphoma with antiviral therapy.	2001 Jan 26	11216942
Terpsichorean movements of pentaammineruthenium on pyrimidine and isocytosine ligands.	2001 Jan 29	11209605
In-situ FTIR study on adsorption and oxidation of native and thermally denatured calf thymus DNA at glassy carbon electrodes.	2001 Jan 31	11246748
Comparative study of a novel nucleoside analogue (Troxatyl, troxacitabine, BCH-4556) and AraC against leukemic human tumor xenografts expressing high or low cytidine deaminase activity.	2001 Mar	11320667
Early diagnosis of adenovirus infection and treatment with cidofovir after bone marrow transplantation in children.	2001 Mar	11319592
Effect of chemical modifications of cytosine and guanine in a CpG-motif of oligonucleotides: structure-immunostimulatory activity relationships.	2001 Mar	11310616
Epigenetic regulation of human bone morphogenetic protein 6 gene expression in prostate cancer.	2001 Mar	11277266
Topical cidofovir for bowenoid papulosis in an HIV-infected patient.	2001 Mar	11260042
Tetraplex formation by the progressive myoclonus epilepsy type-1 repeat: implications for instability in the repeat expansion diseases.	2001 Mar 2	11240124
A-like guanine-guanine stacking in the aqueous DNA duplex of d(GGGGCCCC).	2001 Mar 23	11254379
Hierarchy of DNA damage recognition in Escherichia coli nucleotide excision repair.	2001 Mar 6	11258904
Solution structure of an A-tract DNA bend.	2001 Mar 9	11237619
Molecular topology of polycyclic aromatic carcinogens determines DNA adduct conformation: a link to tumorigenic activity.	2001 Mar 9	11237618
Evolution of endogenous retrovirus-like elements of the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) and its relatives.	2001 May	11319267
Pseudogenes, junk DNA, and the dynamics of Rickettsia genomes.	2001 May	11319266
Actinomycin D binds strongly to d(TGTCATTG), a single-stranded DNA devoid of GpC sites.	2001 May 1	11318644
Treatment of adenovirus infections in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.	2001 May 1	11303263
Cytosine methylation enhances mitoxantrone-DNA adduct formation at CpG dinucleotides.	2001 May 11	11278477
Chimeras between single-stranded DNA-binding proteins from Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveal that their C-terminal domains interact with uracil DNA glycosylases.	2001 May 18	11279060
Optimized RNA targets of two closely related triple KH domain proteins, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K and alphaCP-2KL, suggest Distinct modes of RNA recognition.	2001 May 18	11278705

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

As a component of DNA, cytosine is ingested with a normal diet. Normally, a major amount of cytosine is excreted, and a small amount is incorporated into DNA of the gastrointestinal tract.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Unknown

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Sat Jun 26 06:28:23 UTC 2021` Edited by `admin` on `Sat Jun 26 06:28:23 UTC 2021`
Record UNII	8J337D1HZY
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

Download

Name

Type

Language

CYTOSINE

Official Name

English

NSC-27787

Code

English

4-AMINOURACIL

Common Name

English

LAMIVUDINE IMPURITY E [EP]

Common Name

English

CYTOSINE [MI]

Common Name

English

CYTOSINE [INCI]

Common Name

English

LAMIVUDINE IMPURITY C [USP]

Common Name

English

CYTOSINIMINE

Systematic Name

English

CYTOSINE [USP-RS]

Common Name

English

LAMIVUDINE IMPURITY C RS [USP]

Common Name

English

4-AMINOPYRIMIDIN-2(1H)-ONE

Systematic Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

EU-Orphan Drug

EU/3/07/476