AMINOLEVULINIC ACID

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C5H9NO3
Molecular Weight	131.1299
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

NCC(=O)CCC(O)=O

InChI

InChIKey=ZGXJTSGNIOSYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C5H9NO3/c6-3-4(7)1-2-5(8)9/h1-3,6H2,(H,8,9)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C5H9NO3
Molecular Weight	131.1299
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020965s006lbl.pdf | http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000744/WC500021790.pdf | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/16/5/4140

Aminolevulinic Acid is the first compound in the porphyrin synthesis pathway. The metabolism of aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is the first step in the biochemical pathway resulting in heme synthesis. Aminolevulinic acid is not a photosensitizer, but rather a metabolic precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which is a photosensitizer. The synthesis of ALA is normally tightly controlled by feedback inhibition of the enzyme, ALA synthetase, presumably by intracellular heme levels. ALA, when provided to the cell, bypasses this control point and results in the accumulation of PpIX, which is converted into heme by ferrochelatase through the addition of iron to the PpIX nucleus. Marketed under the brand name LEVULAN KERASTICK for Topical Solution plus blue light illumination using the BLU-U Blue Light Photodynamic Therapy Illuminator, it is indicated for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratoses (Grade 1 or 2, see table 2 for definition) of the face or scalp. Aminolevulinic acid is also being studied in the treatment of other conditions and types of cancer. An orally-administered in vivo diagnostic agent, Aminolevulinic acid, is used in photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) whose aim is to help doctors visualize the tumor tissue during surgical resection of malignant glioma, it is already sold in over 20 European countries including Germany and the U.K. According to the presumed mechanism of action, photosensitization following application of aminolevulinic acid (ALA) topical solution occurs through the metabolic conversion of ALA to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which accumulates in the skin to which aminolevulinic acid has been applied. When exposed to light of appropriate wavelength and energy, the accumulated PpIX produces a photodynamic reaction, a cytotoxic process dependent upon the simultaneous presence of light and oxygen. The absorption of light results in an excited state of the porphyrin molecule, and subsequent spin transfer from PpIX to molecular oxygen generates singlet oxygen, which can further react to form superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Photosensitization of actinic (solar) keratosis lesions using aminolevulinic acid, plus illumination with the BLU-UTM Blue Light Photodynamic Therapy Illuminator (BLU-U), is the basis for aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (PDT).

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
DNA 241 Target ID: CHEMBL2311221 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020965s006lbl.pdf	Inhibitor 8146

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Actinic keratosis 9 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020965s006lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8307	LEVULAN KERASTICK Approved Use The LEVULAN KERASTICK for Topical Solution plus blue light illumination using the BLU-U Blue Light Photodynamic Therapy Illuminator is indicated for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratoses (Grade 1 or 2, see table 2 for definition) of the face or scalp. Launch Date 9.4452482E11
Malignant glioma 10 Sources: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000744/WC500021790.pdf http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800030455	Diagnostic	Approved 8307	Gliolan Approved Use Gliolan is indicated in adult patients for visualisation of malignant tissue during surgery for malignant glioma (WHO grade III and IV). Launch Date 1.16760956E12
Condylomata acuminata 3 Sources: http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800043084 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23651275 http://www.fd-zj.com/DesktopModules/HT/English/Products/20070727131147.aspx?ls=2	Primary	Approved 8307	ALA Approved Use Condylomata Acuminata Launch Date 1.17141117E12

C_max

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
8239.1 μg/L OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	20 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 20 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
1862.6 μg/L OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	2 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
274.7 μg/L OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	0.2 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 0.2 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
15.44 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050/	100 mg single, intravenous dose: 100 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
4.65 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050/	100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
27143.5 μg × h/L OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	20 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 20 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
2901.3 μg × h/L OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	2 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
424.2 μg × h/L OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	0.2 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 0.2 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
13.7 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050/	100 mg single, intravenous dose: 100 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
7.4 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050/	100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
1.94 h OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	20 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 20 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
0.84 h OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	2 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
0.75 h OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	0.2 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 0.2 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
50.1 min EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050/	100 mg single, intravenous dose: 100 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
44.4 min EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050/	100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
88% OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	20 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 20 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
88% OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	2 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
88% OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	0.2 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 0.2 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
20 mg/kg single, oral Recommended Dose: 20 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 20 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999205	unhealthy, 70.5 years (range: 53–84 years) n = 61 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: primary or recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer Age Group: 70.5 years (range: 53–84 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 61 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999205	Other AEs: Alanine aminotransferase increase, Hypotension... Other AEs: Alanine aminotransferase increase (grade 3, 6.6%) Hypotension (grade 3, 1.6%) Urticaria (grade 3, 1.6%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999205
10 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Recommended Dose: 10 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 10 %, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/208081Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: p. 44	unhealthy n = 384 Health Status: unhealthy Sex: M+F Population Size: 384 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/208081Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: p. 44	Disc. AE: Application site burning, Application site pain... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Application site burning (1 patient) Application site pain (1 patient) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/208081Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: p. 44
100 mg single, intravenous Dose: 100 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 100 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050	healthy n = 6 Health Status: healthy Population Size: 6 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050
100 mg single, oral Dose: 100 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 100 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050	healthy n = 6 Health Status: healthy Population Size: 6 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050
1328 mg single, intravesical Dose: 1328 mg Route: intravesical Route: single Dose: 1328 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050	unhealthy n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: recurrent bladder cancer Population Size: 8 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Hypotension	grade 3, 1.6%	20 mg/kg single, oral Recommended Dose: 20 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 20 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999205	unhealthy, 70.5 years (range: 53–84 years) n = 61 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: primary or recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer Age Group: 70.5 years (range: 53–84 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 61 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999205
Urticaria	grade 3, 1.6%	20 mg/kg single, oral Recommended Dose: 20 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 20 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999205	unhealthy, 70.5 years (range: 53–84 years) n = 61 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: primary or recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer Age Group: 70.5 years (range: 53–84 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 61 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999205
Alanine aminotransferase increase	grade 3, 6.6%	20 mg/kg single, oral Recommended Dose: 20 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 20 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999205	unhealthy, 70.5 years (range: 53–84 years) n = 61 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: primary or recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer Age Group: 70.5 years (range: 53–84 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 61 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999205
Application site burning	1 patient Disc. AE	10 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Recommended Dose: 10 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 10 %, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/208081Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: p. 44	unhealthy n = 384 Health Status: unhealthy Sex: M+F Population Size: 384 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/208081Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: p. 44
Application site pain	1 patient Disc. AE	10 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Recommended Dose: 10 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 10 %, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/208081Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: p. 44	unhealthy n = 384 Health Status: unhealthy Sex: M+F Population Size: 384 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/208081Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: p. 44

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
3B Scientific (Wuhan) Corp	3B3-050498	http://www.3bsc.com/index/pro_info.php?id=88193
AA Blocks	AA00HANV	https://www.aablocks.com/goods/Goods/detail?id=AA00HANV
AEchem Scientific Corp., USA	AE037304	http://www.aechemsc.com/info_products/AE037304.php
AHH Chemical co.,ltd	MT-44085	http://www.ahhchemical.com/product/MT-44085.html
AK Scientific, Inc. (AKSCI)	1451AA	http://www.aksci.com/item_detail.php?cat=1451AA
Aaron Chemicals	AR00HBFN	http://www.aaronchem.com/106-60-5
Acadechem	ACDS-017273	http://www.acadechemical.com/product/91972
Achemo Scientific Limited	AC-24593	http://www.achemo.com/search/?Keyword= 106-60-5
Alfa Chemistry	106-60-5	https://www.alfa-chemistry.com/5-aminolevulinic-acid-cas-106-60-5-item-289522.htm
Alichem	490001269	http://www.alichem.com/en/products/106-60-5.html
Alinda	ALBB-023627	http://alinda.ru/finechem_en_.html?i=ALBB-023627
Angene	AGN-PC-006QQB	http://www.angenechemical.com/productshow/AGN-PC-006QQB.html
Aromalake	LS41389	http://www.aromalake.com/5-Amino-4-oxopentanoic-acid-p4737.html
Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC	A00.796.981	http://online.aurorafinechemicals.com/info?ID=A00.796.981
Aurum Pharmatech LLC	Z-3294	http://www.Aurumpharmatech.com/Product/ProductDetails/Z_3294
BioChemPartner	BCP23830	http://www.biochempartner.com/106-60-5-BCP23830
Boerchem	BC205541	http://www.boerchem.com/?product_34619.html
Chem Scene	CS-W000450	http://www.chemscene.com/106-60-5.html
ChemMol	30102685	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/30102685.html
ChemMol	44002185	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/44002185.html
ChemMol	49406309	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/49406309.html
ChemMol	49409891	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/49409891.html
ChemMol	81407407	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/81407407.html
Chemspace	CSSB00000033511	https://chem-space.com/CSSB00000033511
Clearsynth	CS-EB-00098	https://www.clearsynth.com/en/CSEB00098.html
Clearsynth	CS-ER-00090	https://www.clearsynth.com/en/CSER00090.html
Combi-Blocks	QJ-3561	http://www.combi-blocks.com/cgi-bin/find.cgi?QJ-3561
Debye Scientific	DB-040692	http://www.debyesci.com/cas_106-60-5.html
Finetech	FT-0620021	http://www.finetechnology-ind.com/prod/detail/pub/106-60-5.html
Fragmenta	PEN029	http://www.fragmenta.com/productDetails.asp?cellC=++style%3D%27background%3A%23E8F8FF%3B+color%3A%23fff%3B%27+&productID=PEN029
Hairui	HR115792	http://www.hairuichem.com/en/product/106-60-5.html
Lab Network	LN00287166	https://labnetwork.com/frontend-app/p/#!/moleculedetails/LN00287166
MedChem Express	HY-W000450	https://www.medchemexpress.com/5-Amino-4-oxopentanoic_acid.html
OChem	9162	http://www.ocheminc.com/index.php?act=psearch&pid=106A605
Parchem	115898	https://www.parchem.com/chemical-supplier-distributor/4-Carboxy-2-Oxobutylamine-115898.aspx
Sinfoo Biotech	S001616	http://www.sinfoobiotech.com/product/1005014
Smolecule	S518517	http://www.smolecule.com/products/s518517
Synchem UG and Co KG	67368	http://www.synchem.de/chemical_5-Aminolevulinic%20acid.html
THE BioTek	bt-259352	https://www.thebiotek.com/product/inhibitors/bt-259352
Yuhao Chemical	YH23463	http://www.chemyuhao.com/106-60-5.html
abcr GmbH	AB450678	http://www.abcr.com/shop/en/AB450678
eNovation Chemicals	D523652	http://www.enovationchem.com/productDetails.asp?productID=D523652
iChemical	EBD23652	http://www.ichemical.com/products/106-60-5.html?utm_source=PubChem&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=product%20catalogs
mcule	MCULE-8676354165	https://mcule.com/MCULE-8676354165/

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
An affordable, portable fluorescence imaging device for skin lesion detection using a dual wavelength approach for image contrast enhancement and aminolaevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX. Part II. In vivo testing.	2001	11482819
An affordable, portable fluorescence imaging device for skin lesion detection using a dual wavelength approach for image contrast enhancement and aminolaevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX. Part I. Design, spectral and spatial characteristics.	2001	11482818
Multivariate analysis of laryngeal fluorescence spectra recorded in vivo.	2001	11295762
Multiple biosynthetic pathways for vitamin B12: variations on a central theme.	2001	11153269
Modulator of heme biosynthesis induces apoptosis in leukemia cells.	2001 Apr	11443791
Fluorescence staining of oral cancer using a topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid: fluorescence microscopic studies.	2001 Apr	11386680
Topical photodynamic therapy at low fluence rates--theory and practice.	2001 Apr	11386679
Routine experimental system for defining conditions used in photodynamic therapy and fluorescence photodetection of (non-) neoplastic epithelia.	2001 Apr	11375724
Evaluation of different photosensitizers for use in photochemical gene transfection.	2001 Apr	11332034
Endoscopic detection of transitional cell carcinoma with 5-aminolevulinic acid: results of 1012 fluorescence endoscopies.	2001 Apr	11306382
Photodynamic therapy vs. cryosurgery of basal cell carcinomas: results of a phase III clinical trial.	2001 Apr	11298545
Porphyric enzymes in hamster Harderian gland, a model of damage by porphyrins and their precursors. A chronobiological study on the role of sex differences.	2001 Apr 16	11311210
Spectrophotometric microassay for delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase in dried-blood spots as confirmation for hereditary tyrosinemia type I.	2001 Aug	11468232
Correlation between lead exposure indicators and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies in lymphocytes from inorganic lead exposed workers.	2001 Aug	11462150
Peripheral neuropathy in chronic occupational inorganic lead exposure: a clinical and electrophysiological study.	2001 Aug	11459892
Recognition and transport characteristics of nonpeptidic compounds by basolateral peptide transporter in Caco-2 cells.	2001 Aug	11454935
Antitumor effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy can be enhanced by the use of a low dose of photofrin in human tumor xenografts.	2001 Aug 1	11479222
Fluorescence spectroscopy of normal mouse skin exposed to 5-aminolaevulinic acid and red light.	2001 Aug 15	11485851
Photodynamic therapy with topical delta-aminolaevulinic acid for the treatment of plantar warts.	2001 Aug 15	11485845
In vivo pharmacokinetics of protoporphyrin IX accumulation following intracutaneous injection of 5-aminolevulinic acid.	2001 Aug 15	11485844
5-Aminolevulinic acid inhibits [3H]muscimol binding to human and rat brain synaptic membranes.	2001 Feb	11478735
Melatonin prevents delta-aminolevulinic acid-induced oxidative DNA damage in the presence of Fe2+.	2001 Feb	11330842
Survival of two patients with severe delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase deficiency porphyria.	2001 Feb	11286384
5-Aminolaevulinic acid methyl ester transport on amino acid carriers in a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line.	2001 Feb	11272730
Photodynamic diagnosis with 5-aminolevulinic acid in the treatment of secondary urethral tumors: first in vitro and in vivo results.	2001 Feb	11223677
Uroporphyria in Hfe mutant mice given 5-aminolevulinate: a new model of Fe-mediated porphyria cutanea tarda.	2001 Feb	11172342
Suppression of the induction of long-term depression by carbon monoxide in rat cerebellar slices.	2001 Feb	11168569
Porphyrin bleaching and PDT-induced spectral changes are irradiance dependent in ALA-sensitized normal rat skin in vivo.	2001 Jan	11202366
Immunological and viral factors associated with the response of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia to photodynamic therapy.	2001 Jan 1	11196160
[Diagnostic difficulties in acute intermittent porphyria with neurological manifestations: apropos of 2 cases].	2001 Jan 1-15	11293111
Photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid induces apoptosis and caspase activation in malignant T cells.	2001 Jan-Feb	11281435
The photosensitizing effect of the photoproduct of protoporphyrin IX.	2001 Jul	11470566
5-Aminolaevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy in multidrug resistant leukemia cells.	2001 Jul	11470562
Photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses with topical aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride and fluorescent blue light.	2001 Jul	11423841
Photosensitization and mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by the use of ALA derivatives in photodynamic therapy.	2001 Jul 20	11461090
Photobiological activity of exogenous and endogenous porphyrin derivatives in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus hirae cells.	2001 Jun	11484786
Effect of photodynamic therapy on urinary bladder function: an experimental study with rats.	2001 Jun	11482448
Role of 5-aminolevulinic acid in the diagnosis and treatment of superficial bladder cancer: improvement in diagnostic sensitivity.	2001 Jun	11377304
Clinical experience with 5-aminolevulinic acid and photodynamic therapy for refractory superficial bladder cancer.	2001 Jun	11371878
Optimization of differential photodynamic effectiveness between normal and tumor urothelial cells using 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX as sensitizer.	2001 Jun 1	11340570
Circular permutation of 5-aminolevulinate synthase. Mapping the polypeptide chain to its function.	2001 Jun 1	11279050
Evidence for direct interaction between enzyme I(Ntr) and aspartokinase to regulate bacterial oligopeptide transport.	2001 Jun 15	11287431
[Are new treatments always effective ?].	2001 Jun-Jul	11460051
[Experimental 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) of oral carcinomas. Procedures in treatment of solid tumors and elucidation of cell death].	2001 Mar	11372187
Bowen's disease, solar keratoses and superficial basal cell carcinomas treated by photodynamic therapy using a large-field incoherent light source.	2001 Mar	11260016
Endoscopic fluorescence detection of low and high grade dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus using systemic or local 5-aminolaevulinic acid sensitisation.	2001 Mar	11171819
[Fluorescence cytology of the urinary bladder].	2001 May	11405131
A quantitative assessment of protoporphyrin IX metabolism and phototoxicity in human skin following dose-controlled delivery of the prodrugs 5-aminolaevulinic acid and 5-aminolaevulinic acid-n-pentylester.	2001 May	11359385
Antioxidants inhibit indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in IFN-gamma-activated human macrophages: posttranslational regulation by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate.	2001 May 15	11342657
Expression of PEPT2 peptide transporter mRNA and protein in glial cells of rat dorsal root ganglia.	2001 May 25	11343832

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Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

LEVULAN KERASTICK for Topical Solution 20% (aminolevulinic acid HCl) is intended for direct application to individual lesions diagnosed as actinic keratoses and not to perilesional skin. This product is not intended for application by patients or unqualified medical personnel. Application should involve either scalp or face lesions, but not both simultaneously. The recommended treatment frequency is: one application of the LEVULAN KERASTICK Topical Solution and one dose of illumination per treatment site per 8 week treatment session. Each individual LEVULAN KERASTICK should be used for only one patient. Photodynamic therapy for actinic keratoses with LEVULAN KERASTICK for Topical Solution is a two stage process involving a) application of the product to the target lesions with LEVULAN KERASTICK Topical Solution, followed 14 to 18 hours later by b) illumination with blue light using the BLU-U Blue Light Photodynamic Therapy Illuminator. The second visit, for illumination, must take place in the 14-18 hour window following application.

Route of Administration: Topical

In Vitro Use Guide

Aminolevulinic acid (10 ug/ml) mediated sonosensitization of rat RG2 glioma cells in vitro. ALA-mediated SDT evokes cytotoxic effects of low intensity US on rat RG2 glioma cells in vitro.

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Fri Dec 16 18:01:22 UTC 2022` Edited by `admin` on `Fri Dec 16 18:01:22 UTC 2022`
Record UNII	88755TAZ87
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

AMINOLEVULINIC ACID

Systematic Name

English

5-ALA

Common Name

English

DELTA-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID

Systematic Name

English

PENTANOIC ACID, 5-AMINO-4-OXO-

Common Name

English

AMINOLEVULINIC ACID [VANDF]

Common Name

English

5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID

Common Name

English

METHYLAMINOLEVULINATE HYDROCHLORIDE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

Aminolevulinic acid [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

AMINOLEVULINATE

Systematic Name

English

5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID [MART.]

Common Name

English

5-AMINO-4-OXOPENTANOIC ACID

Systematic Name

English

.DELTA.-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID [MI]

Common Name

English

LEVULINIC ACID, 5-AMINO-

Systematic Name

English

.DELTA.-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID

Systematic Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

NDF-RT

N0000175846