AMINOLEVULINIC ACID

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C5H9NO3
Molecular Weight	131.1299
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

NCC(=O)CCC(O)=O

InChI

InChIKey=ZGXJTSGNIOSYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C5H9NO3/c6-3-4(7)1-2-5(8)9/h1-3,6H2,(H,8,9)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C5H9NO3
Molecular Weight	131.1299
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020965s006lbl.pdf | http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000744/WC500021790.pdf | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/16/5/4140

Aminolevulinic Acid is the first compound in the porphyrin synthesis pathway. The metabolism of aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is the first step in the biochemical pathway resulting in heme synthesis. Aminolevulinic acid is not a photosensitizer, but rather a metabolic precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which is a photosensitizer. The synthesis of ALA is normally tightly controlled by feedback inhibition of the enzyme, ALA synthetase, presumably by intracellular heme levels. ALA, when provided to the cell, bypasses this control point and results in the accumulation of PpIX, which is converted into heme by ferrochelatase through the addition of iron to the PpIX nucleus. Marketed under the brand name LEVULAN KERASTICK for Topical Solution plus blue light illumination using the BLU-U Blue Light Photodynamic Therapy Illuminator, it is indicated for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratoses (Grade 1 or 2, see table 2 for definition) of the face or scalp. Aminolevulinic acid is also being studied in the treatment of other conditions and types of cancer. An orally-administered in vivo diagnostic agent, Aminolevulinic acid, is used in photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) whose aim is to help doctors visualize the tumor tissue during surgical resection of malignant glioma, it is already sold in over 20 European countries including Germany and the U.K. According to the presumed mechanism of action, photosensitization following application of aminolevulinic acid (ALA) topical solution occurs through the metabolic conversion of ALA to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which accumulates in the skin to which aminolevulinic acid has been applied. When exposed to light of appropriate wavelength and energy, the accumulated PpIX produces a photodynamic reaction, a cytotoxic process dependent upon the simultaneous presence of light and oxygen. The absorption of light results in an excited state of the porphyrin molecule, and subsequent spin transfer from PpIX to molecular oxygen generates singlet oxygen, which can further react to form superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Photosensitization of actinic (solar) keratosis lesions using aminolevulinic acid, plus illumination with the BLU-UTM Blue Light Photodynamic Therapy Illuminator (BLU-U), is the basis for aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (PDT).

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
DNA 282 Target ID: CHEMBL2311221 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020965s006lbl.pdf	Inhibitor 8504

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Actinic keratosis 12 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020965s006lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8583	LEVULAN KERASTICK Approved Use The LEVULAN KERASTICK for Topical Solution plus blue light illumination using the BLU-U Blue Light Photodynamic Therapy Illuminator is indicated for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratoses (Grade 1 or 2, see table 2 for definition) of the face or scalp. Launch Date 1999
Malignant glioma 10 Sources: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000744/WC500021790.pdf http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800030455	Diagnostic	Approved 8583	Gliolan Approved Use Gliolan is indicated in adult patients for visualisation of malignant tissue during surgery for malignant glioma (WHO grade III and IV). Launch Date 2006
Condylomata acuminata 3 Sources: http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800043084 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23651275 http://www.fd-zj.com/DesktopModules/HT/English/Products/20070727131147.aspx?ls=2	Primary	Approved 8583	ALA Approved Use Condylomata Acuminata Launch Date 2007

C_max

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
15.44 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050/	100 mg single, intravenous dose: 100 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
4.65 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050/	100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
274.7 μg/L OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	0.2 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 0.2 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
1862.6 μg/L OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	2 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
8239.1 μg/L OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	20 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 20 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
13.7 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050/	100 mg single, intravenous dose: 100 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
7.4 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050/	100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
424.2 μg × h/L OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	0.2 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 0.2 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
2901.3 μg × h/L OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	2 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
27143.5 μg × h/L OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	20 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 20 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
50.1 min EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050/	100 mg single, intravenous dose: 100 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
44.4 min EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050/	100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
0.75 h OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	0.2 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 0.2 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
0.84 h OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	2 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
1.94 h OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	20 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 20 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
88% OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	0.2 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 0.2 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
88% OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	2 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 2 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
88% OTHER GOV https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208630Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf	20 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 20 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	AMINOLEVULINIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
20 mg/kg single, oral Recommended Dose: 20 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 20 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999205	unhealthy, 70.5 years (range: 53–84 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 70.5 years (range: 53–84 years) Sex: M+F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999205	Other AEs: Alanine aminotransferase increase, Hypotension... Other AEs: Alanine aminotransferase increase (grade 3, 6.6%) Hypotension (grade 3, 1.6%) Urticaria (grade 3, 1.6%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999205
10 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Recommended Dose: 10 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 10 %, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/208081Orig1s000MedR.pdf	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sex: M+F Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/208081Orig1s000MedR.pdf	Disc. AE: Application site burning, Application site pain... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Application site burning (1 patient) Application site pain (1 patient) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/208081Orig1s000MedR.pdf
100 mg single, intravenous Dose: 100 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 100 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050	healthy Health Status: healthy Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050
100 mg single, oral Dose: 100 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 100 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050	healthy Health Status: healthy Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050
1328 mg single, intravesical Dose: 1328 mg Route: intravesical Route: single Dose: 1328 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11961050

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Hypotension	grade 3, 1.6%	20 mg/kg single, oral Recommended Dose: 20 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 20 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999205	unhealthy, 70.5 years (range: 53–84 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 70.5 years (range: 53–84 years) Sex: M+F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999205
Urticaria	grade 3, 1.6%	20 mg/kg single, oral Recommended Dose: 20 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 20 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999205	unhealthy, 70.5 years (range: 53–84 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 70.5 years (range: 53–84 years) Sex: M+F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999205
Alanine aminotransferase increase	grade 3, 6.6%	20 mg/kg single, oral Recommended Dose: 20 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 20 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999205	unhealthy, 70.5 years (range: 53–84 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 70.5 years (range: 53–84 years) Sex: M+F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999205
Application site burning	1 patient Disc. AE	10 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Recommended Dose: 10 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 10 %, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/208081Orig1s000MedR.pdf	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sex: M+F Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/208081Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Application site pain	1 patient Disc. AE	10 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Recommended Dose: 10 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 10 %, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/208081Orig1s000MedR.pdf	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sex: M+F Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/208081Orig1s000MedR.pdf

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
3B Scientific (Wuhan) Corp	3B3-050498	http://www.3bsc.com/index/pro_info.php?id=88193
AA Blocks	AA00HANV	https://www.aablocks.com/goods/Goods/detail?id=AA00HANV
Aaron Chemicals	AR00HBFN	http://www.aaronchem.com/106-60-5
abcr GmbH	AB450678	http://www.abcr.com/shop/en/AB450678
Acadechem	ACDS-017273	http://www.acadechemical.com/product/91972
Achemo Scientific Limited	AC-24593	http://www.achemo.com/search/?Keyword= 106-60-5
AEchem Scientific Corp., USA	AE037304	http://www.aechemsc.com/info_products/AE037304.php
AHH Chemical co.,ltd	MT-44085	http://www.ahhchemical.com/product/MT-44085.html
AK Scientific, Inc. (AKSCI)	1451AA	http://www.aksci.com/item_detail.php?cat=1451AA
Alfa Chemistry	106-60-5	https://www.alfa-chemistry.com/5-aminolevulinic-acid-cas-106-60-5-item-289522.htm
Alichem	490001269	http://www.alichem.com/en/products/106-60-5.html
Alinda	ALBB-023627	http://alinda.ru/finechem_en_.html?i=ALBB-023627
Angene	AGN-PC-006QQB	http://www.angenechemical.com/productshow/AGN-PC-006QQB.html
Aromalake	LS41389	http://www.aromalake.com/5-Amino-4-oxopentanoic-acid-p4737.html
Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC	A00.796.981	http://online.aurorafinechemicals.com/info?ID=A00.796.981
Aurum Pharmatech LLC	Z-3294	http://www.Aurumpharmatech.com/Product/ProductDetails/Z_3294
BioChemPartner	BCP23830	http://www.biochempartner.com/106-60-5-BCP23830
Boerchem	BC205541	http://www.boerchem.com/?product_34619.html
Chem Scene	CS-W000450	http://www.chemscene.com/106-60-5.html
ChemMol	30102685	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/30102685.html
ChemMol	44002185	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/44002185.html
ChemMol	49406309	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/49406309.html
ChemMol	49409891	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/49409891.html
ChemMol	81407407	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/81407407.html
Chemspace	CSSB00000033511	https://chem-space.com/CSSB00000033511
Clearsynth	CS-EB-00098	https://www.clearsynth.com/en/CSEB00098.html
Clearsynth	CS-ER-00090	https://www.clearsynth.com/en/CSER00090.html
Combi-Blocks	QJ-3561	http://www.combi-blocks.com/cgi-bin/find.cgi?QJ-3561
Debye Scientific	DB-040692	http://www.debyesci.com/cas_106-60-5.html
eNovation Chemicals	D523652	http://www.enovationchem.com/productDetails.asp?productID=D523652
Finetech	FT-0620021	http://www.finetechnology-ind.com/prod/detail/pub/106-60-5.html
Fragmenta	PEN029	http://www.fragmenta.com/productDetails.asp?cellC=++style%3D%27background%3A%23E8F8FF%3B+color%3A%23fff%3B%27+&productID=PEN029
Hairui	HR115792	http://www.hairuichem.com/en/product/106-60-5.html
iChemical	EBD23652	http://www.ichemical.com/products/106-60-5.html?utm_source=PubChem&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=product%20catalogs
Lab Network	LN00287166	https://labnetwork.com/frontend-app/p/#!/moleculedetails/LN00287166
mcule	MCULE-8676354165	https://mcule.com/MCULE-8676354165/
MedChem Express	HY-W000450	https://www.medchemexpress.com/5-Amino-4-oxopentanoic_acid.html
OChem	9162	http://www.ocheminc.com/index.php?act=psearch&pid=106A605
Parchem	115898	https://www.parchem.com/chemical-supplier-distributor/4-Carboxy-2-Oxobutylamine-115898.aspx
Sinfoo Biotech	S001616	http://www.sinfoobiotech.com/product/1005014
Smolecule	S518517	http://www.smolecule.com/products/s518517
Synchem UG and Co KG	67368	http://www.synchem.de/chemical_5-Aminolevulinic%20acid.html
THE BioTek	bt-259352	https://www.thebiotek.com/product/inhibitors/bt-259352
Yuhao Chemical	YH23463	http://www.chemyuhao.com/106-60-5.html

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
An affordable, portable fluorescence imaging device for skin lesion detection using a dual wavelength approach for image contrast enhancement and aminolaevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX. Part II. In vivo testing.	2001	11482819
An affordable, portable fluorescence imaging device for skin lesion detection using a dual wavelength approach for image contrast enhancement and aminolaevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX. Part I. Design, spectral and spatial characteristics.	2001	11482818
Modulator of heme biosynthesis induces apoptosis in leukemia cells.	2001 Apr	11443791
The porphyrias: genetic and acquired aspects.	2001 Apr	11400290
Fluorescence staining of oral cancer using a topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid: fluorescence microscopic studies.	2001 Apr	11386680
Photodynamic therapy of feline superficial squamous cell carcinoma using topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid.	2001 Apr	11327662
Spectrophotometric microassay for delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase in dried-blood spots as confirmation for hereditary tyrosinemia type I.	2001 Aug	11468232
Correlation between lead exposure indicators and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies in lymphocytes from inorganic lead exposed workers.	2001 Aug	11462150
Peripheral neuropathy in chronic occupational inorganic lead exposure: a clinical and electrophysiological study.	2001 Aug	11459892
Recognition and transport characteristics of nonpeptidic compounds by basolateral peptide transporter in Caco-2 cells.	2001 Aug	11454935
Anticarcinogenic actions of melatonin which involve antioxidative processes: comparison with other antioxidants.	2001 Aug	11404179
Antitumor effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy can be enhanced by the use of a low dose of photofrin in human tumor xenografts.	2001 Aug 1	11479222
Evaluation of protoporphyrin IX production, phototoxicity and cell death pathway induced by hexylester of 5-aminolevulinic acid in Reh and HPB-ALL cells.	2001 Aug 10	11410323
Fluorescence spectroscopy of normal mouse skin exposed to 5-aminolaevulinic acid and red light.	2001 Aug 15	11485851
Photodynamic therapy with topical delta-aminolaevulinic acid for the treatment of plantar warts.	2001 Aug 15	11485845
In vivo pharmacokinetics of protoporphyrin IX accumulation following intracutaneous injection of 5-aminolevulinic acid.	2001 Aug 15	11485844
5-Aminolevulinic acid inhibits [3H]muscimol binding to human and rat brain synaptic membranes.	2001 Feb	11478735
Survival of two patients with severe delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase deficiency porphyria.	2001 Feb	11286384
Haem regulation of the mitochondrial import of the Kluyveromyces lactis 5-aminolaevulinate synthase: an organelle approach.	2001 Jan 15	11124700
The photosensitizing effect of the photoproduct of protoporphyrin IX.	2001 Jul	11470566
5-Aminolaevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy in multidrug resistant leukemia cells.	2001 Jul	11470562
Some articles should just not be published.	2001 Jul	11453825
Photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses with topical aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride and fluorescent blue light.	2001 Jul	11423841
On the promoting action of tamoxifen in a model of hepatocarcinogenesis induced by p-dimethylaminoazobenzene in CF1 mice.	2001 Jul	11390276
Photosensitization and mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by the use of ALA derivatives in photodynamic therapy.	2001 Jul 20	11461090
Mechanistic basis for suicide inactivation of porphobilinogen synthase by 4,7-dioxosebacic acid, an inhibitor that shows dramatic species selectivity.	2001 Jul 27	11444968
Photobiological activity of exogenous and endogenous porphyrin derivatives in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus hirae cells.	2001 Jun	11484786
Effect of photodynamic therapy on urinary bladder function: an experimental study with rats.	2001 Jun	11482448
Topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for tumour-stage mycosis fungoides.	2001 Jun	11422054
Systemic photodynamic therapy with aminolaevulinic acid delays the appearance of ultraviolet-induced skin tumours in mice.	2001 Jun	11422043
Role of 5-aminolevulinic acid in the diagnosis and treatment of superficial bladder cancer: improvement in diagnostic sensitivity.	2001 Jun	11377304
High efficiency of 5-aminolevulinate-photodynamic treatment using UVA irradiation.	2001 Jun	11375893
Evidence for direct interaction between enzyme I(Ntr) and aspartokinase to regulate bacterial oligopeptide transport.	2001 Jun 15	11287431
[Are new treatments always effective ?].	2001 Jun-Jul	11460051
Iontophoretic delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA): effect of pH.	2001 Mar	11442270
Bowen's disease, solar keratoses and superficial basal cell carcinomas treated by photodynamic therapy using a large-field incoherent light source.	2001 Mar	11260016
Light irradiation increases embryotoxicity of photodynamic therapy sensitizers (5-aminolevulinic acid and protoporphyrin IX) in chick embryos.	2001 Mar-Apr	11297869
Abortive assembly of succinate-ubiquinone reductase (complex II) in a ferrochelatase-deficient mutant of Escherichia coli.	2001 May	11405622
[Fluorescence cytology of the urinary bladder].	2001 May	11405131

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

LEVULAN KERASTICK for Topical Solution 20% (aminolevulinic acid HCl) is intended for direct application to individual lesions diagnosed as actinic keratoses and not to perilesional skin. This product is not intended for application by patients or unqualified medical personnel. Application should involve either scalp or face lesions, but not both simultaneously. The recommended treatment frequency is: one application of the LEVULAN KERASTICK Topical Solution and one dose of illumination per treatment site per 8 week treatment session. Each individual LEVULAN KERASTICK should be used for only one patient. Photodynamic therapy for actinic keratoses with LEVULAN KERASTICK for Topical Solution is a two stage process involving a) application of the product to the target lesions with LEVULAN KERASTICK Topical Solution, followed 14 to 18 hours later by b) illumination with blue light using the BLU-U Blue Light Photodynamic Therapy Illuminator. The second visit, for illumination, must take place in the 14-18 hour window following application.

Route of Administration: Topical

In Vitro Use Guide

Aminolevulinic acid (10 ug/ml) mediated sonosensitization of rat RG2 glioma cells in vitro. ALA-mediated SDT evokes cytotoxic effects of low intensity US on rat RG2 glioma cells in vitro.

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 18:07:10 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 18:07:10 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	88755TAZ87
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
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Name

Type

Language

5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID

Preferred Name

English

AMINOLEVULINIC ACID

Systematic Name

English

5-ALA

Common Name

English

DELTA-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID

Systematic Name

English

PENTANOIC ACID, 5-AMINO-4-OXO-

Common Name

English

AMINOLEVULINIC ACID [VANDF]

Common Name

English

METHYLAMINOLEVULINATE HYDROCHLORIDE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

Aminolevulinic acid [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

AMINOLEVULINATE

Systematic Name

English

5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID [MART.]

Common Name

English

5-AMINO-4-OXOPENTANOIC ACID

Systematic Name

English

.DELTA.-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID [MI]

Common Name

English

LEVULINIC ACID, 5-AMINO-

Systematic Name

English

.DELTA.-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID

Systematic Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

NDF-RT

N0000175846