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Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula C15H18O3
Molecular Weight 246.3016
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters 1 / 1
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of IROFULVEN

SMILES

CC1=C(CO)C2=C(C)C3(CC3)[C@@](C)(O)C(=O)C2=C1

InChI

InChIKey=NICJCIQSJJKZAH-AWEZNQCLSA-N
InChI=1S/C15H18O3/c1-8-6-10-12(11(8)7-16)9(2)15(4-5-15)14(3,18)13(10)17/h6,16,18H,4-5,7H2,1-3H3/t14-/m0/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C15H18O3
Molecular Weight 246.3016
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 1 / 1
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED

IROFULVEN is a semisynthetic derivative of a natural sesquiterpene toxin illudin S, isolated from the fungus Omphalotus illudens. It alkylates DNA and protein macromolecules, forms adducts, and arrests cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle. It requires NADPH-dependent metabolism by alkenal/one oxidoreductase for activity. IROFULVEN is more active in vitro against tumor cells of epithelial origin and is more resistant to deactivation by p53 loss and P-glycoprotein than other alkylating agents. IROFULVEN has been evaluated in 19 clinical trials, predominantly in refractory prostate and ovarian cancer patients. Results were positive, including a 10% response rate in patients with prostate cancer previously treated with docetaxel and 13% in ovarian cancer patients relapsing between 6 and 12 months after standard treatment with carboplatin and paclitaxel.

Approval Year

PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Sulfotransferase-independent genotoxicity of illudin S and its acylfulvene derivatives in bacterial and mammalian cells.
2014-01
A phase 2 evaluation of irofulven as second-line treatment of recurrent or persistent intermediately platinum-sensitive ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group trial.
2010-10
A ubiquitin-binding domain in Cockayne syndrome B required for transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair.
2010-06-11
Dissociation of CAK from core TFIIH reveals a functional link between XP-G/CS and the TFIIH disassembly state.
2010-06-08
Structure-activity studies of urea, carbamate, and sulfonamide derivatives of acylfulvene.
2010-02-11
The development of xenograft glioblastoma implants in nude mice brain.
2010-01-30
Enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-acylfulvene and (-)-irofulven.
2009-12-18
Profiling patterns of glutathione reductase inhibition by the natural product illudin S and its acylfulvene analogues.
2009-09
Synergy of irofulven in combination with other DNA damaging agents: synergistic interaction with altretamine, alkylating, and platinum-derived agents in the MV522 lung tumor model.
2008-12
Synergy of Irofulven in combination with various anti-metabolites, enzyme inhibitors, and miscellaneous agents in MV522 lung carcinoma cells: marked interaction with gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil.
2008-10
Combination chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy with fab' fragment targeted HPMA copolymer conjugates in human ovarian carcinoma cells.
2008-08-30
Ovarian tumor growth regression using a combination of vascular targeting agents anginex or topomimetic 0118 and the chemotherapeutic irofulven.
2008-07-08
The postchemotherapy PSA surge syndrome.
2008-07
Influence of irofulven, a transcription-coupled repair-specific antitumor agent, on RNA polymerase activity, stability and dynamics in living mammalian cells.
2008-04-15
Systematic review of the clinical effect of glucocorticoids on nonhematologic malignancy.
2008-03-28
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amine analogs of irofulven.
2007-12-15
Gateways to clinical trials.
2007-10-09
A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of irofulven and capecitabine administered every 2 weeks in patients with advanced solid tumors.
2007-10
Gateways to clinical trials.
2007-06
BRCA1 contributes to cell cycle arrest and chemoresistance in response to the anticancer agent irofulven.
2007-04
Irofulven induces replication-dependent CHK2 activation related to p53 status.
2007-02-15
Comparison of antitumor activities in tumor xenograft treatment.
2007-02
Irofulven as first line therapy in recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer: a phase II multicenter study by the Cancer Therapeutics Research Group (CTRG).
2007-02
Fanconi anemia D2 protein confers chemoresistance in response to the anticancer agent, irofulven.
2006-12
Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and routes of excretion of intravenous irofulven in patients with advanced solid tumors.
2006-11
Rescue of progeria in trichothiodystrophy by homozygous lethal Xpd alleles.
2006-10
Phase I trial of irofulven (MGI 114) in pediatric patients with solid tumors.
2006-08
A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of irofulven and cisplatin administered in a 30-min infusion every two weeks to patients with advanced solid tumors.
2006-07
Gateways to clinical trials.
2006-06
Non-hormonal systemic therapy in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer and metastases: a systematic review from the Cancer Care Ontario Program in Evidence-based Care's Genitourinary Cancer Disease Site Group.
2006-05-02
A phase II study of irofulven in women with recurrent and heavily pretreated ovarian cancer.
2006-04
Characterizations of irofulven cytotoxicity in combination with cisplatin and oxaliplatin in human colon, breast, and ovarian cancer cells.
2006-04
Pharmacokinetic modelling of 5-FU production from capecitabine--a population study in 40 adult patients with metastatic cancer.
2005-12
Gateways to clinical trials.
2005-09
Enhanced antitumor activity of irofulven in combination with irinotecan in pediatric solid tumor xenograft models.
2005-05
Irofulven demonstrates clinical activity against metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer in a phase 2 single-agent trial.
2005-02
Cone damage in patients receiving high-dose irofulven treatment.
2005-01
Gateways to clinical trials.
2004-12
Characterization and multiparameter analysis of visual adverse events in irofulven single-agent phase I and II trials.
2004-11-15
Irofulven: resurgence for alkylating therapy in cancer?
2004-11
Gateways to clinical trials.
2004-11
Caspase-mediated apoptosis and caspase-independent cell death induced by irofulven in prostate cancer cells.
2004-11
Cell cycle effects and induction of premitotic apoptosis by irofulven in synchronized cancer cells.
2004-11
ATM-dependent CHK2 activation induced by anticancer agent, irofulven.
2004-09-17
Antitumor activity of irofulven against human ovarian cancer cell lines, human tumor colony-forming units, and xenografts.
2004-09-14
A phase II trial of 6-hydroxymethylacylfulvene (MGI-114, irofulven) in patients with relapsed or refractory non-small cell lung cancer.
2004-09
Irofulven cytotoxicity depends on transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair and is correlated with XPG expression in solid tumor cells.
2004-08-15
Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of irofulven administered weekly or biweekly in advanced solid tumor patients.
2004-05-15
Acute retinal toxicity from the novel anti-tumor agent, Irofulven.
2004-05
Gateways to clinical trials.
2004-05

Sample Use Guides

The dose is 0.45 mg/kg, over a 30-minute infusion period by venous access at day 1 and 8 of a three-week cycle.
Route of Administration: Intravenous
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
Edited
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
Record UNII
6B799IH05A
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
LP-100
Preferred Name English
IROFULVEN
INN   MI   USAN   WHO-DD  
USAN   INN  
Official Name English
IROFULVEN [USAN]
Common Name English
(R)-6'-HYDROXY-3'-(HYDROXYMETHYL)-2',4',6'-TRIMETHYLSPIRO(CYCLOPROPANE-1,5'-(5H)INDEN)-7'(6'H)-ONE
Systematic Name English
MGI114
Code English
Irofulven [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
6-HYDROXYMETHYLACYLFULVENE
Common Name English
irofulven [INN]
Common Name English
HMAF
Common Name English
NSC-683863
Code English
(HYDROXYMETHYL)ACYLFULVENE
Common Name English
IROFULVEN [MI]
Common Name English
MGI-114
Code English
Classification Tree Code System Code
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 125399
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 122198
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
NCI_THESAURUS C1590
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 124399
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
Code System Code Type Description
CAS
158440-71-2
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID50166423
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C1717
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
148189
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m6406
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
PRIMARY Merck Index
ChEMBL
CHEMBL118218
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
NSC
683863
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
USAN
KK-16
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
IROFULVEN
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000086454
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB02773MIG
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
6B799IH05A
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
MESH
C102714
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
1483
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB05786
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
INN
7889
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:14:43 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
PARENT -> DERIVATIVE
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ACTIVE MOIETY
Name Property Type Amount Referenced Substance Defining Parameters References
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IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED SOLID TUMORS

Biological Half-life PHARMACOKINETIC INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION

DOSE

IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED SOLID TUMORS