MSX-122 is an orally available small molecule partial antagonist of C-X-C chemokine 4 patented by Emory University for treating or reducing the severity of hyperproliferative diseases by inhibiting metastasis. In preclinical studies, MSX-122 prevents the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. MSX-122 also reduces TNF-α secretion by macrophages infected with patient-derived invasive E. coli. It decreases metastases in mouse models utilizing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer or 686LN-Ms squamous cell carcinoma cells injected intravenously or OMM2.3 melanoma cells inoculated into the eye. Unfortunately, MSX-122 have failed in clinical trials due to unmanageable toxicities