Details
Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
Molecular Formula | C10H16O |
Molecular Weight | 152.2334 |
Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CC1(C)[C@@H]2CC[C@@]1(C)C(=O)C2
InChI
InChIKey=DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N
InChI=1S/C10H16O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3/t7-,10+/m1/s1
Molecular Formula | C10H16O |
Molecular Weight | 152.2334 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Camphor is a bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially cinnamomum camphora. Topically, camphor is used to relieve pain. It has been used to treat warts, cold sores, hemorrhoids, and osteoarthritis. It has also been applied topically as an analgesic and an antipruritic. It has been used as a counterirritant, and to increase local blood flow. Camphor has frequently been used topically to treat respiratory tract diseases involving mucous membrane inflammation. It is sometimes used topically to treat cardiac symptoms. Camphor is also used topically as an eardrop, and for treating minor burns.
In inhalation therapy, camphor is used as an antitussive.
Orally, camphor is used as an expectorant, antiflatulent, and for treating respiratory tract diseases. Today, most camphor is synthetic. It is approved by the FDA as a topical antitussive. Camphor is produced synthetically from the oil of turpentine. It has been used for centuries for its medicinal features, in religious rituals, and in cooking. It is no longer used as pesticide. In 1982, the US Food and Drug Administration restricted commercial products intended for medicinal use to contain <11% camphor.
CNS Activity
Curator's Comment: Camphor is highly lipid soluble and easily crosses the blood–brain barrier. Camphor is a CNS stimulant whose effects range from mild excitation to grand-mal convulsions or status epilepticus. These effects result from excitation of the cerebrum and lower structures of the CNS.
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL6007 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25897313 |
1.26 mM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL5102 |
|||
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
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Palliative | Camphor ointment Approved UseCamphor ointment is used for:
Treating pain and itching associated with minor skin irritations.
Camphor ointment is a topical analgesic. It works by temporarily relieving itching and pain. |
|||
Primary | CAMPHOR, EUCALYPTUS OIL AND MENTHOL - camphor, eucalyptus oil and menthol ointment CVS Approved UseUses
- on chest and throat, temporarily relieves cough due to common cold
- On muscles and joints, temporarily relieves minor aches and pains |
|||
Palliative | Tetramex Spray Approved UseINDICATIONS AND USAGE: For temporary relief of minor aches and pains of the muscles and joints associated with simple backache, arthritis, strains, bruises and sprains. |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
41 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342616/ |
374.4 mg single, topical dose: 374.4 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: MENTHOL, UNSPECIFIED FORM |
[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR, (-)-|[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR (SYNTHETIC)|[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR (NATURAL) plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
302 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342616/ |
374.4 mg single, topical dose: 374.4 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: MENTHOL, UNSPECIFIED FORM |
[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR, (-)-|[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR (SYNTHETIC)|[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR (NATURAL) plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
6.5 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342616/ |
374.4 mg single, topical dose: 374.4 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: MENTHOL, UNSPECIFIED FORM |
[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR, (-)-|[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR (SYNTHETIC)|[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR (NATURAL) plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
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Lung cancer: therapeutic options for stage IV and recurrent NSCLC. | 2001 |
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Assaying drug-induced apoptosis. | 2001 |
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Analysis of cleavage complexes using reactive inhibitor derivatives. | 2001 |
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Inhibitory effect of berberine on the mediastinal lymph node metastasis produced by orthotopic implantation of Lewis lung carcinoma. | 2001 Apr 10 |
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DNA double-strand breaks associated with replication forks are predominantly repaired by homologous recombination involving an exchange mechanism in mammalian cells. | 2001 Apr 13 |
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Prevention of irinotecan (CPT-11)-induced diarrhea by oral alkalization combined with control of defecation in cancer patients. | 2001 Apr 15 |
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Adjuvant therapy of colon cancer. | 2001 Feb |
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Different susceptibilities of postmitotic checkpoint-proficient and -deficient Balb / 3T3 cells to ICRF-193, a catalytic inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase II. | 2001 Feb |
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High-Performance liquid chromatographic analysis of lactone and hydroxy acid of new antitumor drug, DX-8951 (exatecan), in mouse plasma. | 2001 Feb |
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Ternary combination of irinotecan, fluorouracil-folinic acid and oxaliplatin: results on human colon cancer cell lines. | 2001 Feb |
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Apoptotic response of HL-60 human leukemia cells to the antitumor drug NB-506, a glycosylated indolocarbazole inhibitor of topoisomerase 1. | 2001 Feb 1 |
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Irinotecan and chronomodulated infusion of 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid in the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma: a phase I study. | 2001 Feb 15 |
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Phase I trial of the combination of irinotecan, paclitaxel, and carboplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. | 2001 Feb 15 |
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The homocamptothecin BN 80915 is a highly potent orally active topoisomerase I poison. | 2001 Jan |
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Current status of irinotecan in lung cancer. | 2001 Jan |
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The HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor CI1033 enhances cytotoxicity of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin and topotecan by inhibiting breast cancer resistance protein-mediated drug efflux. | 2001 Jan 15 |
|
Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2 reduces chemotherapy-associated mortality and enhances cell survival in cells expressing a transfected GLP-2 receptor. | 2001 Jan 15 |
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Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. | 2001 Jan 25 |
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Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. | 2001 Jan 25 |
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Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. | 2001 Jan 25 |
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Sequence-selective DNA binding drugs mithramycin A and chromomycin A3 are potent inhibitors of neuronal apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and DNA damage in cortical neurons. | 2001 Mar |
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Topoisomerase I targeting agents in small-cell lung cancer. | 2001 Mar |
|
Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of exatecan mesylate (DX-8951f): a novel camptothecin analog. | 2001 Mar 1 |
|
Potentiation of antitumor activity of irinotecan by chemically modified oligonucleotides. | 2001 May |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/ppa/camphor.html
Curator's Comment: Subcutaneous: The dose of subcutaneously injected camphor required to produce convulsions in mice was 600 mg/kg
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780443062414000102
Dosing: Adult
Cough: Inhalation: Inhale via vaporizer up to 3 times per day.
Pain: Topical cream: Apply to affected area up to 4 times per day for 2 weeks. For maximum benefit, use daily for at least 2 weeks and continue to use daily as needed thereafter.
Pruritus/Pain: Topical gel: Apply to affected area up to 3 to 4 times per day.
Route of Administration:
Topical
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24122170
1 mM camphor partially inhibited the AITC (20 uM)-induced
hTRPA1 current in HEK293T cells expressing hTRPA1.
Substance Class |
Chemical
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PARENT -> CONSTITUENT MAY BE PRESENT |
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CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (GC)
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