Details
Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
Molecular Formula | C10H16O |
Molecular Weight | 152.2334 |
Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CC1(C)[C@@H]2CC[C@@]1(C)C(=O)C2
InChI
InChIKey=DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N
InChI=1S/C10H16O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3/t7-,10+/m1/s1
Molecular Formula | C10H16O |
Molecular Weight | 152.2334 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Camphor is a bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially cinnamomum camphora. Topically, camphor is used to relieve pain. It has been used to treat warts, cold sores, hemorrhoids, and osteoarthritis. It has also been applied topically as an analgesic and an antipruritic. It has been used as a counterirritant, and to increase local blood flow. Camphor has frequently been used topically to treat respiratory tract diseases involving mucous membrane inflammation. It is sometimes used topically to treat cardiac symptoms. Camphor is also used topically as an eardrop, and for treating minor burns.
In inhalation therapy, camphor is used as an antitussive.
Orally, camphor is used as an expectorant, antiflatulent, and for treating respiratory tract diseases. Today, most camphor is synthetic. It is approved by the FDA as a topical antitussive. Camphor is produced synthetically from the oil of turpentine. It has been used for centuries for its medicinal features, in religious rituals, and in cooking. It is no longer used as pesticide. In 1982, the US Food and Drug Administration restricted commercial products intended for medicinal use to contain <11% camphor.
CNS Activity
Curator's Comment: Camphor is highly lipid soluble and easily crosses the blood–brain barrier. Camphor is a CNS stimulant whose effects range from mild excitation to grand-mal convulsions or status epilepticus. These effects result from excitation of the cerebrum and lower structures of the CNS.
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL6007 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25897313 |
1.26 mM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL5102 |
|||
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Palliative | Camphor ointment Approved UseCamphor ointment is used for:
Treating pain and itching associated with minor skin irritations.
Camphor ointment is a topical analgesic. It works by temporarily relieving itching and pain. |
|||
Primary | CAMPHOR, EUCALYPTUS OIL AND MENTHOL - camphor, eucalyptus oil and menthol ointment CVS Approved UseUses
- on chest and throat, temporarily relieves cough due to common cold
- On muscles and joints, temporarily relieves minor aches and pains |
|||
Palliative | Tetramex Spray Approved UseINDICATIONS AND USAGE: For temporary relief of minor aches and pains of the muscles and joints associated with simple backache, arthritis, strains, bruises and sprains. |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
41 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342616/ |
374.4 mg single, topical dose: 374.4 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: MENTHOL, UNSPECIFIED FORM |
[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR, (-)-|[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR (SYNTHETIC)|[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR (NATURAL) plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
302 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342616/ |
374.4 mg single, topical dose: 374.4 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: MENTHOL, UNSPECIFIED FORM |
[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR, (-)-|[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR (SYNTHETIC)|[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR (NATURAL) plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
6.5 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342616/ |
374.4 mg single, topical dose: 374.4 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: MENTHOL, UNSPECIFIED FORM |
[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR, (-)-|[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR (SYNTHETIC)|[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR (NATURAL) plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Bcl-2 independence of flavopiridol-induced apoptosis. Mitochondrial depolarization in the absence of cytochrome c release. | 2000 Oct 13 |
|
Factors affecting the pharmacokinetics of CPT-11: the body mass index, age and sex are independent predictors of pharmacokinetic parameters of CPT-11. | 2001 |
|
Irinotecan and mitomycin C in 5-fluorouracil-refractory colorectal cancer patients. A phase I/II study of the Southern Italy Cooperative Oncology Group. | 2001 |
|
Treatment of extensive stage small cell lung cancer. | 2001 |
|
Irinotecan: a new agent comes of age. | 2001 |
|
Studying DNA topoisomerase I-targeted drugs in the yeast. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | 2001 |
|
Assaying drug-induced apoptosis. | 2001 |
|
Drug toxicity in E. coli cells expressing human topoisomerase I. | 2001 |
|
Analysis of cleavage complexes using reactive inhibitor derivatives. | 2001 |
|
Flow cytometric fluorescence lifetime measurements. | 2001 |
|
A synthetic inhibitor of p53 protects neurons against death induced by ischemic and excitotoxic insults, and amyloid beta-peptide. | 2001 Apr |
|
Validation study of assay method for DX-8951 and its metabolite in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. | 2001 Apr |
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Pharmacogenetics of anticancer agents: lessons from amonafide and irinotecan. | 2001 Apr |
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Monochloramine inhibits etoposide-induced apoptosis with an increase in DNA aberration. | 2001 Apr 15 |
|
A link between apoptosis and degree of phosphorylation of high mobility group A1a protein in leukemic cells. | 2001 Apr 6 |
|
North Central Cancer Treatment Group--Mayo Clinic trials in colon cancer. | 2001 Feb |
|
Ternary combination of irinotecan, fluorouracil-folinic acid and oxaliplatin: results on human colon cancer cell lines. | 2001 Feb |
|
Breast cancer resistance protein directly confers SN-38 resistance of lung cancer cells. | 2001 Feb 9 |
|
The homocamptothecin BN 80915 is a highly potent orally active topoisomerase I poison. | 2001 Jan |
|
A novel genetic screen identifies checkpoint-defective alleles of Schizosaccharomyces pombe chk1. | 2001 Jan |
|
Irinotecan: summary and future directions. | 2001 Jan |
|
Irinotecan in small-cell lung cancer: the US experience. | 2001 Jan |
|
Weekly irinotecan and cisplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter phase II study. | 2001 Jan |
|
Pharmacological determinants of 9-aminocamptothecin cytotoxicity. | 2001 Jan |
|
Apoptosis enhancement by the HIV-1 Nef protein. | 2001 Jan 1 |
|
Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. | 2001 Jan 25 |
|
[A case of AFP-producing gastric cancer responding to low-dose CPT-11 and low-dose cisplatin combination chemotherapy]. | 2001 Mar |
|
Topoisomerase I targeting agents in small-cell lung cancer. | 2001 Mar |
|
Characterization of a novel topoisomerase I mutation from a camptothecin-resistant human prostate cancer cell line. | 2001 Mar 1 |
|
Irinotecan in the treatment of colorectal cancer: clinical overview. | 2001 Mar 1 |
|
Carrier and dose effects on the pharmacokinetics of T-0128, a camptothecin analogue-carboxymethyl dextran conjugate, in non-tumor- and tumor-bearing rats. | 2001 Mar 12 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/ppa/camphor.html
Curator's Comment: Subcutaneous: The dose of subcutaneously injected camphor required to produce convulsions in mice was 600 mg/kg
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780443062414000102
Dosing: Adult
Cough: Inhalation: Inhale via vaporizer up to 3 times per day.
Pain: Topical cream: Apply to affected area up to 4 times per day for 2 weeks. For maximum benefit, use daily for at least 2 weeks and continue to use daily as needed thereafter.
Pruritus/Pain: Topical gel: Apply to affected area up to 3 to 4 times per day.
Route of Administration:
Topical
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24122170
1 mM camphor partially inhibited the AITC (20 uM)-induced
hTRPA1 current in HEK293T cells expressing hTRPA1.
Substance Class |
Chemical
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PRIMARY | Merck Index |
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PARENT -> CONSTITUENT ALWAYS PRESENT |
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PARENT -> CONSTITUENT MAY BE PRESENT |
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ACTIVE MOIETY |