FIALURIDINE

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C9H10FIN2O5
Molecular Weight	372.089
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	4 / 4
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@@H](F)[C@@H]1O)N2C=C(I)C(=O)NC2=O

InChI

InChIKey=IPVFGAYTKQKGBM-BYPJNBLXSA-N

InChI=1S/C9H10FIN2O5/c10-5-6(15)4(2-14)18-8(5)13-1-3(11)7(16)12-9(13)17/h1,4-6,8,14-15H,2H2,(H,12,16,17)/t4-,5+,6-,8-/m1/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C9H10FIN2O5
Molecular Weight	372.089
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	4 / 4
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED

Description
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8739593 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9258627 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565947 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3015003

Fialuridine, or 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-1-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (FIAU) is a thymidine nucleoside analog with activity against various herpesviruses and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in vitro and in vivo. Herpes virus thymidine kinase considered to be a target of FIAU. In a Phase II study, fialuridine induced a severe toxic reaction in chronic hepatitis B patients characterized by hepatic failure, lactic acidosis, pancreatitis, neuropathy, and myopathy. These clinical manifestations led to the hypothesis that the toxicity of FIAU was mediated through mitochondrial dysfunction, possibly as a result of the inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma and/or incorporation of FIAU into mitochondrial DNA.

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
DNA polymerase gamma subunit 1 2 Target ID: CHEMBL2732 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8622980 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7981224	Inhibitor 8504		0.015 µM [Ki]
Thymidine kinase 17 Target ID: CHEMBL1795127 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3015003	Inhibitor 8504

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Hepatitis B 59 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565947 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9258627	Primary		Phase II 1147	Unknown Approved Use Unknown
Herpes simplex infection 28 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3015003	Primary		Phase II 1147	Unknown Approved Use Unknown

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
0.25 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565947	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565947	Disc. AE: Lactic acidosis, Liver failure... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Lactic acidosis (grade 5, 33.3%) Liver failure (grade 5, 33.3%) Liver failure (46.7%) Lactic acidosis (46.7%) Pancreatitis (grade 5, 33.3%) Pancreatitis (46.7%) Neuropathy (grade 1-2, 33.3%) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565947

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Lactic acidosis	46.7% Disc. AE	0.25 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565947	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565947
Liver failure	46.7% Disc. AE	0.25 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565947	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565947
Pancreatitis	46.7% Disc. AE	0.25 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565947	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565947
Neuropathy	grade 1-2, 33.3% Disc. AE	0.25 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565947	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565947
Lactic acidosis	grade 5, 33.3% Disc. AE	0.25 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565947	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565947
Liver failure	grade 5, 33.3% Disc. AE	0.25 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565947	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565947
Pancreatitis	grade 5, 33.3% Disc. AE	0.25 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 2 times / day Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565947	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565947

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
BSEP 550	TK2 3

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
BSEP 554	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1209455#sid=103570568	no [IC50 >1000 uM]

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
TK2 3	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31505000/	yes

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
1PlusChem LLC	1P0032Z1	https://www.1pchem.com/search?query=1P0032Z1
AK Scientific	0662AC	https://aksci.com/item_detail.php?cat=0662AC
Angene	AGN-PC-0TUOQ2	http://www.angenechemical.com/productshow/AGN-PC-0TUOQ2.html
AstaTech	F12931	http://astatechinc.com/CPSResult.php?CRNO=F12931
BioSynth	J-700174	https://www.biosynth.com/en/products/life-science/other-biochemicals/products/J-700174
BioSynth	J-700352	https://www.biosynth.com/en/products/life-science/other-biochemicals/products/J-700352
BioSynth	W-203535	https://www.biosynth.com/en/products/life-science/other-biochemicals/products/W-203535
BOC Sciences	69123-98-4	http://www.bocsci.com/description.asp?cas=69123-98-4
Cayman Chemical	15867	http://www.caymanchem.com/app/template/Product.vm/catalog/15867
eMolecules	206905858	https://orderbb.emolecules.com/search/#?query=206905858
eMolecules	6842900	https://orderbb.emolecules.com/search/#?query=6842900
eNovation Chemicals	D592831	https://www.enovationchem.com/Products.asp?SEARCHTEXT=D592831&searchbtn.x=0&searchbtn.y=0
Fluorochem	239661	http://www.fluorochem.co.uk/Products/Product?code=239661
Hairui	HR141715	http://www.hairuichem.com/en/product/search.do?q=HR141715
KeyOrganics	AS-69583	http://www.keyorganicsinc.com/bionet/catalogsearch/result?q=AS-69583
Lab Network	LN01315972	https://labnetwork.com/frontend-app/p/#!/moleculedetails/LN01315972
mcule	MCULE-2056596234	https://mcule.com/MCULE-2056596234/
MolPort	MolPort-015-163-937	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-015-163-937
MolPort	MolPort-047-133-896	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-047-133-896
MuseChem	R009440	https://www.musechem.com/product/R009440.html
ShangHai Biochempartner	BCP001543	http://www.biochempartner.com/search_BCP001543
Tetrahedron	TS80046	http://www.thsci.com/search.do?q=TS80046
Toronto Research Chemicals	F335000	https://www.trc-canada.com/product-detail/?CatNum=F335000
W&J PharmaChem	50C473986	http://wjpharmachem.com/new/searcht.php?keyword=50C473986

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
A correlation between the in vitro drug toxicity of drugs to cell lines that express human P450s and their propensity to cause liver injury in humans.	2014-01	24085192
Development of a multiparametric cell-based protocol to screen and classify the hepatotoxicity potential of drugs.	2012-05	22331495
Effects of structural differences between radioiodine-labeled 1-(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (FIAU) and 1-(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (FIRU) on HSV1-TK reporter gene imaging.	2010-06	20083410
Myopathy and neuropathy associated with nucleos(t)ide analog therapy for hepatitis B.	2009-10	19665816
Facilitated mitochondrial import of antiviral and anticancer nucleoside drugs by human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-3.	2009-04	19164483
Biodistribution, cellular uptake and DNA-incorporation of the 2'-fluoro stabilized 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine analog 5-iodo-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)uracil (FIAU).	2008-09	18432182
Anti-cowpox virus activities of certain adenosine analogs, arabinofuranosyl nucleosides, and 2'-fluoro-arabinofuranosyl nucleosides.	2004	15043161
Specific genetic modifications of domestic animals by gene targeting and animal cloning.	2003-11-13	14614774
Development of radioiodinated nucleoside analogs for imaging tissue proliferation: comparisons of six 5-iodonucleosides.	2003-10	14499326
In vitro activity of potential anti-poxvirus agents.	2003-01	12615301
Enhanced inhibition of orthopoxvirus replication in vitro by alkoxyalkyl esters of cidofovir and cyclic cidofovir.	2002-04	11897580
Anti-herpesvirus activity profile of 4'-thioarabinofuranosyl purine and uracil nucleosides and activity of 1-beta-D-2'-fluoro-4'-thioarabinofuranosyl guanine and 2,6-diaminopurine against clinical isolates of human cytomegalovirus.	1998-08	9806489
Structure-activity relationship of the affinity of 5-substituted uracil nucleoside analogues for varicella-zoster virus thymidine kinase and their activity against varicella-zoster virus.	1997-08	9298756
Identification of BMS-200475 as a potent and selective inhibitor of hepatitis B virus.	1997-07	9210663
Hepatic failure and lactic acidosis due to fialuridine (FIAU), an investigational nucleoside analogue for chronic hepatitis B.	1995-10-26	7565947
Falsely low calcium measurements after high volume plasma exchange in a patient with liver failure.	1994-09	10161259
The in vitro anti-hepatitis B virus activity of FIAU [1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-iodo)uracil] is selective, reversible, and determined, at least in part, by the host cell.	1994-01	8141592
Use of a standardized cell culture assay to assess activities of nucleoside analogs against hepatitis B virus replication.	1992-07-01	1444322
Multiple nuclear dots antinuclear antibodies are not specific for primary biliary cirrhosis.	1992-07	1319948
2'-Fluorinated arabinonucleosides of 5-(2-haloalkyl)uracil: synthesis and antiviral activity.	1987-07	3037079
In vitro and in vivo antiviral activity of 2'-fluorinated arabinosides of 5-(2-haloalkyl)uracil.	1987-06	2821896
Nucleosides. 139. Synthesis and anticytomegalovirus and antiherpes simplex virus activity of 5'-modified analogues of 2'-fluoroarabinosylpyrimidine nucleosides.	1987-01	3027334
Activity of 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil against simian varicella virus infections in African green monkeys.	1986-01	3729332
Activities of 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine and its metabolites against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in cell culture and in mice infected intracerebrally with herpes simplex virus type 2.	1986-01	3015003
Comparative efficacy and selectivity of some nucleoside analogs against Epstein-Barr virus.	1985-06	2992367
Efficacy and selectivity of some nucleoside analogs as anti-human cytomegalovirus agents.	1983-10	6316843
Differential activity of potential antiviral nucleoside analogs on herpes simplex virus-induced and human cellular thymidine kinases.	1981-09	6272634
Nucleosides. 110. Synthesis and antiherpes virus activity of some 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyarabinofuranosylpyrimidine nucleosides.	1979-01	218006

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

This phase 2 trial was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a six-month course of fialuridine in 24 patients with chronic hepatitisB. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 0.10 or 0.25 mg of fialuridine per kilogram of body weight per day given orally in two or three divided doses. In patients with chronic hepatitis B, treatment with fialuridine induced a severe toxic reaction characterized by hepatic failure, lactic acidosis, pancreatitis, neuropathy, and myopathy.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Mitochondria isolated from livers of naive rats were treated in vitro with concentrations of Fialuridine, or 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-1-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (FIAU) or FIAU triphosphate (FIAU-TP) ranging from 0.1 to 200 microM. A 14 or 32% decrease in mitochondrial DNA synthesis compared to controls was observed when isolated mitochondria were treated with 25 microM FIAU or FIAU-TP, respectively.

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Tue Apr 01 23:35:31 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Tue Apr 01 23:35:31 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	53T7IN77LC
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

FIALURIDINE

Official Name

English

FIALURIDINE [MI]

Preferred Name

English

FIALURIDINE [USAN]

Common Name

English

1-(2-DEOXY-2-FLUORO-.BETA.-D-ARABINOFURANOSYL)-5-IODOURACIL

Common Name

English

FIALURIDINE [MART.]

Common Name

English

NSC-678514

Code

English

fialuridine [INN]

Common Name

English

FIAU

Common Name

English

2,4(1H,3H)-PYRIMIDINEDIONE, 1-(2-DEOXY-2-FLUORO-.BETA.-D-ARABINOFURANOSYL)-5-IODO-

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

FDA ORPHAN DRUG

67892