Terlipressin (Glypressin) is indicated for the treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices and in some countries for the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome type 1. It is a prodrug and is converted to the lysine vasopressin in the circulation after the N-triglycyl residue is cleaved by endothelial peptidases. This results in a ‘slow release’ of the vasoactive lysine vasopressin. Terlipressin exerts its action by activating V1a, V1b and V2 vasopressin receptors. On September 14, 2022, the FDA granted approval to terlipressin (Terlivaz) for the treatment of adults hospitalized with hepatorenal syndrome with rapid reduction in kidney function (HRS-1). Prior to the approval, no approved treatment for this condition existed in the United States.
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: P37288 Gene ID: 552.0 Gene Symbol: AVPR1A Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
852.0 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: P47901 Gene ID: 553.0 Gene Symbol: AVPR1B Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
1115.0 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: P30518 Gene ID: 554.0 Gene Symbol: AVPR2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
1580.0 nM [Ki] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | TERLIVAZ Approved UseTERLIVAZ is a vasopressin receptor agonist indicated to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome with rapid reduction in kidney function. Launch Date2022 |
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Primary | GLYPRESSIN Approved UseGLYPRESSIN is used to treat Bleeding Oesophageal Varices (BOV), bleeding veins inthe lower end of the food-pipe in people with serious liver disease. GLYPRESSIN is also used to treat hepatorenal syndrome, type 1 (HRS-1). |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
70.5 ng/mL |
1 mg 4 times / day multiple, intravenous dose: 1 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
TERLIPRESSIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
1.16 ng/mL |
1 mg 4 times / day multiple, intravenous dose: 1 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
LYPRESSIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
123 ng × h/mL |
1 mg 4 times / day multiple, intravenous dose: 1 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
TERLIPRESSIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
11.2 ng × h/mL |
1 mg 4 times / day multiple, intravenous dose: 1 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
LYPRESSIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.9 h |
1 mg 4 times / day multiple, intravenous dose: 1 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
TERLIPRESSIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
3 h |
1 mg 4 times / day multiple, intravenous dose: 1 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
LYPRESSIN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
3 mg 4 times / day steady, intravenous Highest studied dose Dose: 3 mg, 4 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 3 mg, 4 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: unknown Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
Disc. AE: Death... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Death (17.4%) Sources: |
1 mg 4 times / day steady, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
Disc. AE: Death... Other AEs: Hepatic disorders, Respiratory failure... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Death (50.8%) Other AEs:Hepatic disorders (33.3%) Sources: Respiratory failure (5.1%) Gastrointestinal hemorrhage (4.0%) Abdominal pain (1.0%) Haemodynamic edema, effusions and fluid overload (2.0%) |
1 mg 4 times / day steady, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: unknown Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
Disc. AE: Death... Other AEs: Respiratory failure, Hemodynamic edema... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Death (4.5%) Other AEs:Respiratory failure (14.0%) Sources: Hemodynamic edema (4.6%) |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Death | 17.4% Disc. AE |
3 mg 4 times / day steady, intravenous Highest studied dose Dose: 3 mg, 4 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 3 mg, 4 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: unknown Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
Abdominal pain | 1.0% | 1 mg 4 times / day steady, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
Haemodynamic edema, effusions and fluid overload | 2.0% | 1 mg 4 times / day steady, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
Hepatic disorders | 33.3% | 1 mg 4 times / day steady, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 4.0% | 1 mg 4 times / day steady, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
Respiratory failure | 5.1% | 1 mg 4 times / day steady, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
Death | 50.8% Disc. AE |
1 mg 4 times / day steady, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
Respiratory failure | 14.0% | 1 mg 4 times / day steady, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: unknown Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
Death | 4.5% Disc. AE |
1 mg 4 times / day steady, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: unknown Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
Hemodynamic edema | 4.6% | 1 mg 4 times / day steady, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 1 mg, 4 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: unknown Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Drug as perpetrator
Drug as victim
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Terlipressin for treating intraoperative hypotension: can it unmask myocardial ischemia? | 2001 Jul |
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Portal hypertension. | 2001 May |
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New method of cardiac output measurement using ultrasound velocity dilution in rats. | 2001 Sep |
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Terlipressin-ephedrine versus ephedrine to treat hypotension at the induction of anesthesia in patients chronically treated with angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, crossover study. | 2002 Apr |
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Terlipressin in patients with cirrhosis and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome: a retrospective multicenter study. | 2002 Apr |
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Terlipressin for norepinephrine-resistant septic shock. | 2002 Apr 6 |
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Renal failure in cirrhotic patients: role of terlipressin in clinical approach to hepatorenal syndrome type 2. | 2002 Dec |
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Terlipressin-induced vasoconstriction reversed with N-acetylcysteine: a case for combined use in hepatorenal syndrome? | 2002 Dec |
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Effect of terlipressin (Glypressin) on hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhotic patients: results of a multicentre pilot study. | 2002 Feb |
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Terlipressin inhibits in vivo aortic iNOS expression induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats with biliary cirrhosis. | 2002 Nov |
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Terlipressin for haemodynamic support in septic patients: a double-edged sword? | 2002 Oct 19 |
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[Comparison of Doppler ultrasonography and hepatic venous pressure gradient in assessing portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis]. | 2002 Sep |
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Management of acute variceal bleeding. | 2003 |
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Portal hypertensive bleeding. | 2003 Dec |
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Effects of the V1a vasopressin agonist F-180 on portal hypertension-related bleeding in portal hypertensive rats. | 2003 Dec |
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Systematic review: terlipressin in acute oesophageal variceal haemorrhage. | 2003 Jan |
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When endoscopic therapy or pharmacotherapy fails to control variceal bleeding: what should be done? Immediate control of bleeding by TIPS? | 2003 Jul |
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Cyclooxygenase expression in splanchnic hyposensitivity to glypressin of bleeding portal hypertensive rats. | 2003 Jun |
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Terlipressin infusion in catecholamine-resistant shock. | 2003 Oct |
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[Vasoconstrictive Therapies for Bleeding Esophageal Varices and their Mechanisms of Action]. | 2003 Oct |
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[Vasopressin and its analogues in the therapy of shock]. | 2004 |
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Vasopressors for shock. | 2004 |
|
Effects of terlipressin on systemic and regional haemodynamics in catecholamine-treated hyperkinetic septic shock. | 2004 Apr |
|
Effects of treatment of hepatorenal syndrome before transplantation on posttransplantation outcome. A case-control study. | 2004 Jan |
|
Clinical review: influence of vasoactive and other therapies on intestinal and hepatic circulations in patients with septic shock. | 2004 Jun |
|
[Refractory hypotension during anesthesia in a patient treated with angiotensin receptor blockers]. | 2004 Jun-Jul |
|
Effect of terlipressin on blood volume distribution in patients with cirrhosis. | 2004 May |
Sample Use Guides
Recommended Dosage Regimen: (2.2) • Days 1 to 3 administer TERLIVAZ 0.85 mg (1 vial) intravenously every 6 hours. • Day 4: Assess serum creatinine (SCr) versus baseline. • If SCr has decreased by at least 30% from baseline, continue TERLIVAZ 0.85 mg (1 vial) intravenously every 6 hours. • If SCr has decreased by less than 30% from baseline, dose may be increased to TERLIVAZ 1.7 mg (2 vials) intravenously every 6 hours.
Route of Administration:
Intravenous
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27586252
Terlipressin also non-selectively interacted with all the vasopressin receptors but with an affinity reduced by at least 710 folds (Ki in nM: 852 for hV1A-R; 1115 for hV1B-R; and 1580 for hV2-R)
Substance Class |
Protein
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Sequence Type | COMPLETE |
Record UNII |
4U092XZF0K
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Record Status |
FAILED
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C80212
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PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE |
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ANHYDROUS->SOLVATE |
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
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Structural Modifications
Modification Type | Location Site | Location Type | Residue Modified | Extent | Fragment Name | Fragment Approval |
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MOIETY |
Amount:
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WATER | 059QF0KO0R | |||
MOIETY |
Amount:
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Acetic acid | Q40Q9N063P | |||
AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION | [1_12] | GLYCINE | GLYCINAMIDE | 4JDT453NWO |
Name | Property Type | Amount | Referenced Substance | Defining | Parameters | References |
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Molecular Formula | CHEMICAL |
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MOL_WEIGHT:SEQUENCE(CALCULATED) | CHEMICAL |
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